Python脚本不起作用？：播放声音，测量反应时间

我想制作一个脚本，当参与者听到声音文件中2/30的声音时，它测量参与者按enter键或空格键的速度。 因此，有时用户不必按任何键，脚本仍会转到下一个声音文件。我该怎么做？我现在拥有的是：（不是声音文件，而是文本自动取款机。）：

---

我最终都会疯掉的。提前感谢您的帮助

缩进存在问题，因此并非所有内容都在适当级别的试用功能中运行。您可能可以删除异常处理，以便更直接地检查是否做出了响应。然后使用

for

循环的

else:

子句来处理循环完成但未按下任何键时发生的情况。这避免了必须处理在任何给定帧上发生的非响应的逻辑（如果响应很快就会发生，这可能没有任何意义）

类似于以下通用伪代码：

# define window
win = visual.Window(fullscr=True)

# function to draw instructions (probably overkill unless run more than once)
def instruct(instructions = 'xxx'):
    # as you have above

# function to run each trial
def trial(number = -999, sound_name = 'A'):

    sound = Sound.sound(sound_name)

    if sound_name in ["Klik.wav", "Press.wav", "Throw.wav"]:
        condition = "press"
    else:
        condition = "no_press"

    event.clearEvents()

    sound.play()

    for frame in range(90):

        time_start = win.flip()

        keys = event.getKeys(keyList=['space', 'escape'], timeStamped = True)
        if keys: # if a non-empty list returned:
            key, time_key = keys[0]
            rt = time_key - time_start

            sound.stop() # ready to start next trial immediately

            if key == 'escape': 
                core.quit()

            if condition == "press":
                return {'accuracy':1, 'rt':rt}
            else:
                return {'accuracy':0, 'rt':rt}

    else: # the loop ended without a key press
        if condition == "press":
            return {'accuracy':0, 'rt':'NA'}
        else:
            return {'accuracy':1, 'rt':'NA'}

####
# run the experiment:
####

####
# show the instructions:
####
instruct('some instructions')

####
# run the trials:
####
for trial_num in range(10):

    # run each trial and get the results.
    # I'm not sure where you're getting your sound values
    # but they could be indexed from a list using the trial number:
    result = trial(number=trial_num, sound_name=sound_names[trial_num])

    # then save the values from the returned dictionary to a file

---

缩进存在问题，因此并非所有内容都在适当级别的试用功能中运行。您可能可以删除异常处理，以便更直接地检查是否做出了响应。然后使用

for

循环的

else:

子句来处理循环完成但未按下任何键时发生的情况。这避免了必须处理在任何给定帧上发生的非响应的逻辑（如果响应很快就会发生，这可能没有任何意义）

类似于以下通用伪代码：

# define window
win = visual.Window(fullscr=True)

# function to draw instructions (probably overkill unless run more than once)
def instruct(instructions = 'xxx'):
    # as you have above

# function to run each trial
def trial(number = -999, sound_name = 'A'):

    sound = Sound.sound(sound_name)

    if sound_name in ["Klik.wav", "Press.wav", "Throw.wav"]:
        condition = "press"
    else:
        condition = "no_press"

    event.clearEvents()

    sound.play()

    for frame in range(90):

        time_start = win.flip()

        keys = event.getKeys(keyList=['space', 'escape'], timeStamped = True)
        if keys: # if a non-empty list returned:
            key, time_key = keys[0]
            rt = time_key - time_start

            sound.stop() # ready to start next trial immediately

            if key == 'escape': 
                core.quit()

            if condition == "press":
                return {'accuracy':1, 'rt':rt}
            else:
                return {'accuracy':0, 'rt':rt}

    else: # the loop ended without a key press
        if condition == "press":
            return {'accuracy':0, 'rt':'NA'}
        else:
            return {'accuracy':1, 'rt':'NA'}

####
# run the experiment:
####

####
# show the instructions:
####
instruct('some instructions')

####
# run the trials:
####
for trial_num in range(10):

    # run each trial and get the results.
    # I'm not sure where you're getting your sound values
    # but they could be indexed from a list using the trial number:
    result = trial(number=trial_num, sound_name=sound_names[trial_num])

    # then save the values from the returned dictionary to a file

---

好的，很好-谢谢你！现在我继续尝试开发您的脚本。我已经添加了一份试用名单，现在我不太确定该怎么办。我的脚本如下所示：

# Grounding of Words Experiment #

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

#Import libraries
import re
import glob
from psychopy import sound, visual, event, data, core, gui # imports a module for visual presentation and one for controlling events like key presses
import ppc

# ID, age, gender box display
myDlg = gui.Dlg(title="Experiment") #, pos=(400,400)
myDlg.addField('ID:')
myDlg.addField('Age:')
myDlg.addField('Gender:', choices = ['Female', 'Male'])
myDlg.show()#you have to call show() for a Dlg
if myDlg.OK:
    ID = myDlg.data[0]
    Age = myDlg.data[1]
    Gender = myDlg.data[2]
else:
    core.quit()

# define window
win = visual.Window(fullscr=True)


# function to draw instructions (probably overkill unless run more than once)
def instruct(txt):
    instructions = visual.TextStim(win, text=txt, height = 0.05) # create an instruction text
    instructions.draw() # draw the text stimulus in a "hidden screen" so that it is ready to be presented 
    win.flip() # flip the screen to reveal the stimulus
    event.waitKeys() # wait for any key press
    # as you have above


# function to run each trial
def trial(number = -999, sound_name = 'A'):

    sound = Sound.sound()

    if sound_name in ["dog-howling.wav"]:
        condition = "press"
    else:
        condition = "no_press"

    event.clearEvents()

    sound.play(sound_name)

    for frame in range(90):

        time_start = win.flip()

        keys = event.getKeys(keyList=['space', 'escape'], timeStamped = True)
        if keys: # if a non-empty list returned:
            key, time_key = keys[0]
            rt = time_key - time_start

            sound.stop() # ready to start next trial immediately

            if key == 'escape': 
                core.quit()

            if condition == "press":
                return {'accuracy':1, 'rt':rt}
            else:
                return {'accuracy':0, 'rt':rt}

    else: # the loop ended without a key press
        if condition == "press":
            return {'accuracy':0, 'rt':'NA'}
        else:
            return {'accuracy':1, 'rt':'NA'}
####
# define triallist

trial_list = []
conditions = ["klik", "notklik"]
sounds = ["dog-howling.wav", "sound2.wav", "sound3.wav"]
for condition in conditions:
    for sound in sounds:
        # Add a dictionary for every trial
            trial_list += [{
                'ID': ID,
                'age': AGE,
                'gender': GENDER,
                'condition': condition,
                'sounds': sound,
                'rating': '',
                'rt': ''
                    }]

# Randomize order
trial_list = sample(trial_list, len(trial_list))

# Add trial numbers
for i, trial in enumerate(trial_list):
    trial['no'] = i + 1 # start at 1

# write file

####
# run the experiment:
####

####
# show the instructions:
####
instruct('''Welcome to the experiment!

You will be hearing different words.
Whenever you hear the word "Klik" and "Kast" please press the left mouse button.
Whenever you hear any other word - do nothing.
Try to be as fast and accurate as possible.
Please put on the headphones. 
The experiment will take 5 minutes. 

Press any key to start the experiment''')

####
# run the trials:
####
for trial_num in range(10):

    # run each trial and get the results.
    # I'm not sure where you're getting your sound values
    # but they could be indexed from a list using the trial number:
    result = trial(number=trial_num, sound_name=sound_names[trial_num])

    # then save the values from the returned dictionary to a file+

#Creates the outfile, that will be the file containing our data, the name of the file, as saved on the computer is the filename
#out_file="Grounding_experiment_results.csv"
#Creates the header for the data
#header="trial,ID,Gender,Age,Word,rt,SpaceKlik\n"
#opens the outfile in writemode
#with open(out_file,"w") as f:
#    f.write(header)#writes the header in the outfile

---

好的，很好-谢谢你！现在我继续尝试开发您的脚本。我已经添加了一份试用名单，现在我不太确定该怎么办。我的脚本如下所示：

# Grounding of Words Experiment #

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

#Import libraries
import re
import glob
from psychopy import sound, visual, event, data, core, gui # imports a module for visual presentation and one for controlling events like key presses
import ppc

# ID, age, gender box display
myDlg = gui.Dlg(title="Experiment") #, pos=(400,400)
myDlg.addField('ID:')
myDlg.addField('Age:')
myDlg.addField('Gender:', choices = ['Female', 'Male'])
myDlg.show()#you have to call show() for a Dlg
if myDlg.OK:
    ID = myDlg.data[0]
    Age = myDlg.data[1]
    Gender = myDlg.data[2]
else:
    core.quit()

# define window
win = visual.Window(fullscr=True)


# function to draw instructions (probably overkill unless run more than once)
def instruct(txt):
    instructions = visual.TextStim(win, text=txt, height = 0.05) # create an instruction text
    instructions.draw() # draw the text stimulus in a "hidden screen" so that it is ready to be presented 
    win.flip() # flip the screen to reveal the stimulus
    event.waitKeys() # wait for any key press
    # as you have above


# function to run each trial
def trial(number = -999, sound_name = 'A'):

    sound = Sound.sound()

    if sound_name in ["dog-howling.wav"]:
        condition = "press"
    else:
        condition = "no_press"

    event.clearEvents()

    sound.play(sound_name)

    for frame in range(90):

        time_start = win.flip()

        keys = event.getKeys(keyList=['space', 'escape'], timeStamped = True)
        if keys: # if a non-empty list returned:
            key, time_key = keys[0]
            rt = time_key - time_start

            sound.stop() # ready to start next trial immediately

            if key == 'escape': 
                core.quit()

            if condition == "press":
                return {'accuracy':1, 'rt':rt}
            else:
                return {'accuracy':0, 'rt':rt}

    else: # the loop ended without a key press
        if condition == "press":
            return {'accuracy':0, 'rt':'NA'}
        else:
            return {'accuracy':1, 'rt':'NA'}
####
# define triallist

trial_list = []
conditions = ["klik", "notklik"]
sounds = ["dog-howling.wav", "sound2.wav", "sound3.wav"]
for condition in conditions:
    for sound in sounds:
        # Add a dictionary for every trial
            trial_list += [{
                'ID': ID,
                'age': AGE,
                'gender': GENDER,
                'condition': condition,
                'sounds': sound,
                'rating': '',
                'rt': ''
                    }]

# Randomize order
trial_list = sample(trial_list, len(trial_list))

# Add trial numbers
for i, trial in enumerate(trial_list):
    trial['no'] = i + 1 # start at 1

# write file

####
# run the experiment:
####

####
# show the instructions:
####
instruct('''Welcome to the experiment!

You will be hearing different words.
Whenever you hear the word "Klik" and "Kast" please press the left mouse button.
Whenever you hear any other word - do nothing.
Try to be as fast and accurate as possible.
Please put on the headphones. 
The experiment will take 5 minutes. 

Press any key to start the experiment''')

####
# run the trials:
####
for trial_num in range(10):

    # run each trial and get the results.
    # I'm not sure where you're getting your sound values
    # but they could be indexed from a list using the trial number:
    result = trial(number=trial_num, sound_name=sound_names[trial_num])

    # then save the values from the returned dictionary to a file+

#Creates the outfile, that will be the file containing our data, the name of the file, as saved on the computer is the filename
#out_file="Grounding_experiment_results.csv"
#Creates the header for the data
#header="trial,ID,Gender,Age,Word,rt,SpaceKlik\n"
#opens the outfile in writemode
#with open(out_file,"w") as f:
#    f.write(header)#writes the header in the outfile

---

作为一般提示，避免将

trial

作为全局变量。只需在

trial（）

函数之外增加它，并将其作为第二个参数传递给函数。同样，不要每次运行指令函数时都创建文本刺激（这是一个耗时的操作）。创建一次，并将文本刺激和新文本内容一起传递给函数。这是试用函数中一个更大的问题，文本刺激在每一帧上都被重新实例化。这是非常耗时的，可能会导致计时问题。作为一般提示，请避免将

trial

作为全局变量。只需在

trial（）

函数之外增加它，并将其作为第二个参数传递给函数。同样，不要每次运行指令函数时都创建文本刺激（这是一个耗时的操作）。创建一次，并将文本刺激和新文本内容一起传递给函数。这是试用函数中一个更大的问题，文本刺激在每一帧上都被重新实例化。这是非常耗时的，可能会导致计时问题。您确实需要查看

TrialHandler

类。将您的试用列表输入到该列表中，它将自动处理跟踪试用编号、保存数据等操作。在PsychoPy的Coder视图中的Demos菜单下有几个示例。您确实需要查看

TrialHandler

类。将您的试用列表输入到该列表中，它将自动处理跟踪试用编号、保存数据等操作。在PsychoPy的Coder视图中的Demos菜单下有几个示例。