Python 遍历列表（索引超出范围）
快速总结一下我正在创建的内容：这是一个游戏，其中一艘外星人宇宙飞船以一定的边界在屏幕（如戴尔徽标/加载屏幕）周围反弹，使其保持在屏幕顶部附近。在屏幕底部附近有一艘玩家飞船，它必须以点击的方式射击敌人的太空入侵者，同时左右移动（但目前我仍在使用键盘/鼠标同时工作，因为事件只在队列的顶部进行）。母舰也会从你下方发射母牛。如果你抓住了那头牛，你就会得到分数。如果你没能躲过一次，你将失去分数和生命。如果你用“网”抓住一个，你会得到分数 我遇到的问题是这个错误（Python 遍历列表（索引超出范围）,python,python-3.x,pygame,Python,Python 3.x,Pygame,快速总结一下我正在创建的内容：这是一个游戏，其中一艘外星人宇宙飞船以一定的边界在屏幕（如戴尔徽标/加载屏幕）周围反弹，使其保持在屏幕顶部附近。在屏幕底部附近有一艘玩家飞船，它必须以点击的方式射击敌人的太空入侵者，同时左右移动（但目前我仍在使用键盘/鼠标同时工作，因为事件只在队列的顶部进行）。母舰也会从你下方发射母牛。如果你抓住了那头牛，你就会得到分数。如果你没能躲过一次，你将失去分数和生命。如果你用“网”抓住一个，你会得到分数 我遇到的问题是这个错误（cowRect=（cow_x[I]，cow_
cowRect=（cow_x[I]，cow_y[I]，127，76）
IndexError:list index超出范围（我认为这可能是由于程序试图在列表仍然为空时遍历列表造成的，尽管在“扫描”列表时，列表中似乎有项目
我的一些代码片段（大约170行，所以我不会全部发布）：
开始-
cowList = []
statusList = []
cow_x = []
cow_y = []
cows = []
主回路内部-
if hits >= hitsNeeded and time.time() >= currentTime + 1:
cowList.append(cownumber)
cownumber += 1
statusList.append(3)
cow_x.append(random.randint(0, 573))
cow_y.append(700)
for i in statusList:
cowRect = (cow_x[i], cow_y[i], 127, 76)
if cow_y[i] + 111 < 0:
statusList[i] = 0 #offscreen
if cowRect.colliderect(missileRect):
statusList[i] = 1 #exploded
points -= 15
netRect = (net_x, net_y, 127, 127)
if cowRect.colliderect(netRect):
points += 90
screen.blit(milkplus, (cow_x[i], cow_y[i]))
powerup = pygame.mixer.Sound("C:/Python35/powerup.mp3")
powerup.play()
shotNet = 0
statusList[i] = 2 #caught
if cowRect.colliderect(playerRect):
points -= 10
lives -= 1
statusList[i] = 4 #player collision
for i in statusList:
if statusList[i] == 3: #alive
screen.blit(cow, (cow_x[i], cow_y[i]))
cow_y[i] -= cowSpeed
if hits >= hitsNeeded and time.time() >= currentTime + 1:
cows.append(Cow(random.randint(0, 573), 700))
for cow in cows:
cowRect = (cow.x, cow.y, 127, 76)
if cow.y + 111 < 0:
cow.status = 'offscreen'
if cowRect.colliderect(missileRect):
cow.status = 'exploded'
points -= 15
netRect = (net_x, net_y, 127, 127)
if cowRect.colliderect(netRect):
points += 90
screen.blit(milkplus, (cow.x, cow.y))
powerup = pygame.mixer.Sound("C:/Python35/powerup.mp3")
powerup.play()
shotNet = 0
cow.status = 'caught' #caught
if cowRect.colliderect(playerRect):
points -= 10
lives -= 1
cow.status = 'collision'
for cow in cows:
if cow.status == 'alive':
screen.blit(cow_pic, (cow.x, cow.y))
cow.y -= cowSpeed
也在主回路内-
if hits >= hitsNeeded and time.time() >= currentTime + 1:
cowList.append(cownumber)
cownumber += 1
statusList.append(3)
cow_x.append(random.randint(0, 573))
cow_y.append(700)
for i in statusList:
cowRect = (cow_x[i], cow_y[i], 127, 76)
if cow_y[i] + 111 < 0:
statusList[i] = 0 #offscreen
if cowRect.colliderect(missileRect):
statusList[i] = 1 #exploded
points -= 15
netRect = (net_x, net_y, 127, 127)
if cowRect.colliderect(netRect):
points += 90
screen.blit(milkplus, (cow_x[i], cow_y[i]))
powerup = pygame.mixer.Sound("C:/Python35/powerup.mp3")
powerup.play()
shotNet = 0
statusList[i] = 2 #caught
if cowRect.colliderect(playerRect):
points -= 10
lives -= 1
statusList[i] = 4 #player collision
for i in statusList:
if statusList[i] == 3: #alive
screen.blit(cow, (cow_x[i], cow_y[i]))
cow_y[i] -= cowSpeed
if hits >= hitsNeeded and time.time() >= currentTime + 1:
cows.append(Cow(random.randint(0, 573), 700))
for cow in cows:
cowRect = (cow.x, cow.y, 127, 76)
if cow.y + 111 < 0:
cow.status = 'offscreen'
if cowRect.colliderect(missileRect):
cow.status = 'exploded'
points -= 15
netRect = (net_x, net_y, 127, 127)
if cowRect.colliderect(netRect):
points += 90
screen.blit(milkplus, (cow.x, cow.y))
powerup = pygame.mixer.Sound("C:/Python35/powerup.mp3")
powerup.play()
shotNet = 0
cow.status = 'caught' #caught
if cowRect.colliderect(playerRect):
points -= 10
lives -= 1
cow.status = 'collision'
for cow in cows:
if cow.status == 'alive':
screen.blit(cow_pic, (cow.x, cow.y))
cow.y -= cowSpeed
状态列表中的i的：
cowRect=（cow_x[i]，cow_y[i]，127,76）
如果cow_y[i]+111<0：
状态列表[i]=0#屏幕外
如果cowRect.colliderect（MisselRect）：
状态列表[i]=1#已分解
点数-=15
netRect=（净x，净y，127127）
如果cowRect.collide rect（netRect）：
积分+=90
blit（milkplus，（cow_x[i]，cow_y[i]））
powerup=pygame.mixer.Sound（“C:/Python35/powerup.mp3”）
通电。播放（）
shotNet=0
状态列表[i]=2#已捕获
如果cowRect.collide rect（playerRect）：
分数-=10
寿命-=1
状态列表[i]=4#玩家冲突
对于状态列表中的i：
如果状态列表[i]==3:#活动
blit（cow，（cow_x[i]，cow_y[i]））
cow_y[i]=cowSpeed
是的，我确实意识到我并不真的需要有4种状态的牛，它只是帮助我保持头脑有条理（这也适用于其他一些事情）
如果我犯了一些错误，我很抱歉，我已经很长时间没有在这里讨论了。您看到的问题是由于for
循环在Python中的工作方式造成的。它们遍历列表的内容，而不是列表索引。如评论中所述，您可以通过简单地对范围内的i（len（statusList））来修复错误，但我想建议您使用稍微不同的策略来编码有关奶牛的信息，方法是拥有一个奶牛列表，而不是四个关于奶牛的列表
class Cow:
def __init__(x, y):
self.status = 'alive'
self.x = x
self.y = y
开始-
cowList = []
statusList = []
cow_x = []
cow_y = []
cows = []
主回路内部-
if hits >= hitsNeeded and time.time() >= currentTime + 1:
cowList.append(cownumber)
cownumber += 1
statusList.append(3)
cow_x.append(random.randint(0, 573))
cow_y.append(700)
for i in statusList:
cowRect = (cow_x[i], cow_y[i], 127, 76)
if cow_y[i] + 111 < 0:
statusList[i] = 0 #offscreen
if cowRect.colliderect(missileRect):
statusList[i] = 1 #exploded
points -= 15
netRect = (net_x, net_y, 127, 127)
if cowRect.colliderect(netRect):
points += 90
screen.blit(milkplus, (cow_x[i], cow_y[i]))
powerup = pygame.mixer.Sound("C:/Python35/powerup.mp3")
powerup.play()
shotNet = 0
statusList[i] = 2 #caught
if cowRect.colliderect(playerRect):
points -= 10
lives -= 1
statusList[i] = 4 #player collision
for i in statusList:
if statusList[i] == 3: #alive
screen.blit(cow, (cow_x[i], cow_y[i]))
cow_y[i] -= cowSpeed
if hits >= hitsNeeded and time.time() >= currentTime + 1:
cows.append(Cow(random.randint(0, 573), 700))
for cow in cows:
cowRect = (cow.x, cow.y, 127, 76)
if cow.y + 111 < 0:
cow.status = 'offscreen'
if cowRect.colliderect(missileRect):
cow.status = 'exploded'
points -= 15
netRect = (net_x, net_y, 127, 127)
if cowRect.colliderect(netRect):
points += 90
screen.blit(milkplus, (cow.x, cow.y))
powerup = pygame.mixer.Sound("C:/Python35/powerup.mp3")
powerup.play()
shotNet = 0
cow.status = 'caught' #caught
if cowRect.colliderect(playerRect):
points -= 10
lives -= 1
cow.status = 'collision'
for cow in cows:
if cow.status == 'alive':
screen.blit(cow_pic, (cow.x, cow.y))
cow.y -= cowSpeed
也在主回路内-
if hits >= hitsNeeded and time.time() >= currentTime + 1:
cowList.append(cownumber)
cownumber += 1
statusList.append(3)
cow_x.append(random.randint(0, 573))
cow_y.append(700)
for i in statusList:
cowRect = (cow_x[i], cow_y[i], 127, 76)
if cow_y[i] + 111 < 0:
statusList[i] = 0 #offscreen
if cowRect.colliderect(missileRect):
statusList[i] = 1 #exploded
points -= 15
netRect = (net_x, net_y, 127, 127)
if cowRect.colliderect(netRect):
points += 90
screen.blit(milkplus, (cow_x[i], cow_y[i]))
powerup = pygame.mixer.Sound("C:/Python35/powerup.mp3")
powerup.play()
shotNet = 0
statusList[i] = 2 #caught
if cowRect.colliderect(playerRect):
points -= 10
lives -= 1
statusList[i] = 4 #player collision
for i in statusList:
if statusList[i] == 3: #alive
screen.blit(cow, (cow_x[i], cow_y[i]))
cow_y[i] -= cowSpeed
if hits >= hitsNeeded and time.time() >= currentTime + 1:
cows.append(Cow(random.randint(0, 573), 700))
for cow in cows:
cowRect = (cow.x, cow.y, 127, 76)
if cow.y + 111 < 0:
cow.status = 'offscreen'
if cowRect.colliderect(missileRect):
cow.status = 'exploded'
points -= 15
netRect = (net_x, net_y, 127, 127)
if cowRect.colliderect(netRect):
points += 90
screen.blit(milkplus, (cow.x, cow.y))
powerup = pygame.mixer.Sound("C:/Python35/powerup.mp3")
powerup.play()
shotNet = 0
cow.status = 'caught' #caught
if cowRect.colliderect(playerRect):
points -= 10
lives -= 1
cow.status = 'collision'
for cow in cows:
if cow.status == 'alive':
screen.blit(cow_pic, (cow.x, cow.y))
cow.y -= cowSpeed
对于奶牛中的奶牛：
cowRect=（cow.x，cow.y，127，76）
如果奶牛y+111<0：
cow.status='屏幕外'
如果cowRect.colliderect（MisselRect）：
cow.status=‘爆炸’
点数-=15
netRect=（净x，净y，127127）
如果cowRect.collide rect（netRect）：
积分+=90
屏幕光点（milkplus，（cow.x，cow.y））
powerup=pygame.mixer.Sound（“C:/Python35/powerup.mp3”）
通电。播放（）
shotNet=0
cow.status=“已捕获”#已捕获
如果cowRect.collide rect（playerRect）：
分数-=10
寿命-=1
cow.status='collision'
对于奶牛中的奶牛：
如果cow.status=='alive'：
屏幕blit（奶牛图片，（奶牛x，奶牛y））
cow.y-=cowSpeed
这将使事情在未来变得更容易。如果您对类不满意，则可以在集合中获得类似的行为。namedtuple
您看到的问题是由于for
循环在Python中的工作方式。它们遍历列表的内容，而不是列表索引。如评论中所述，您可以通过简单地对范围内的i（len（statusList））来修复错误，但我想建议您使用稍微不同的策略来编码有关奶牛的信息，方法是拥有一个奶牛列表，而不是四个关于奶牛的列表
class Cow:
def __init__(x, y):
self.status = 'alive'
self.x = x
self.y = y
开始-
cowList = []
statusList = []
cow_x = []
cow_y = []
cows = []
主回路内部-
if hits >= hitsNeeded and time.time() >= currentTime + 1:
cowList.append(cownumber)
cownumber += 1
statusList.append(3)
cow_x.append(random.randint(0, 573))
cow_y.append(700)
for i in statusList:
cowRect = (cow_x[i], cow_y[i], 127, 76)
if cow_y[i] + 111 < 0:
statusList[i] = 0 #offscreen
if cowRect.colliderect(missileRect):
statusList[i] = 1 #exploded
points -= 15
netRect = (net_x, net_y, 127, 127)
if cowRect.colliderect(netRect):
points += 90
screen.blit(milkplus, (cow_x[i], cow_y[i]))
powerup = pygame.mixer.Sound("C:/Python35/powerup.mp3")
powerup.play()
shotNet = 0
statusList[i] = 2 #caught
if cowRect.colliderect(playerRect):
points -= 10
lives -= 1
statusList[i] = 4 #player collision
for i in statusList:
if statusList[i] == 3: #alive
screen.blit(cow, (cow_x[i], cow_y[i]))
cow_y[i] -= cowSpeed
if hits >= hitsNeeded and time.time() >= currentTime + 1:
cows.append(Cow(random.randint(0, 573), 700))
for cow in cows:
cowRect = (cow.x, cow.y, 127, 76)
if cow.y + 111 < 0:
cow.status = 'offscreen'
if cowRect.colliderect(missileRect):
cow.status = 'exploded'
points -= 15
netRect = (net_x, net_y, 127, 127)
if cowRect.colliderect(netRect):
points += 90
screen.blit(milkplus, (cow.x, cow.y))
powerup = pygame.mixer.Sound("C:/Python35/powerup.mp3")
powerup.play()
shotNet = 0
cow.status = 'caught' #caught
if cowRect.colliderect(playerRect):
points -= 10
lives -= 1
cow.status = 'collision'
for cow in cows:
if cow.status == 'alive':
screen.blit(cow_pic, (cow.x, cow.y))
cow.y -= cowSpeed
也在主回路内-
if hits >= hitsNeeded and time.time() >= currentTime + 1:
cowList.append(cownumber)
cownumber += 1
statusList.append(3)
cow_x.append(random.randint(0, 573))
cow_y.append(700)
for i in statusList:
cowRect = (cow_x[i], cow_y[i], 127, 76)
if cow_y[i] + 111 < 0:
statusList[i] = 0 #offscreen
if cowRect.colliderect(missileRect):
statusList[i] = 1 #exploded
points -= 15
netRect = (net_x, net_y, 127, 127)
if cowRect.colliderect(netRect):
points += 90
screen.blit(milkplus, (cow_x[i], cow_y[i]))
powerup = pygame.mixer.Sound("C:/Python35/powerup.mp3")
powerup.play()
shotNet = 0
statusList[i] = 2 #caught
if cowRect.colliderect(playerRect):
points -= 10
lives -= 1
statusList[i] = 4 #player collision
for i in statusList:
if statusList[i] == 3: #alive
screen.blit(cow, (cow_x[i], cow_y[i]))
cow_y[i] -= cowSpeed
if hits >= hitsNeeded and time.time() >= currentTime + 1:
cows.append(Cow(random.randint(0, 573), 700))
for cow in cows:
cowRect = (cow.x, cow.y, 127, 76)
if cow.y + 111 < 0:
cow.status = 'offscreen'
if cowRect.colliderect(missileRect):
cow.status = 'exploded'
points -= 15
netRect = (net_x, net_y, 127, 127)
if cowRect.colliderect(netRect):
points += 90
screen.blit(milkplus, (cow.x, cow.y))
powerup = pygame.mixer.Sound("C:/Python35/powerup.mp3")
powerup.play()
shotNet = 0
cow.status = 'caught' #caught
if cowRect.colliderect(playerRect):
points -= 10
lives -= 1
cow.status = 'collision'
for cow in cows:
if cow.status == 'alive':
screen.blit(cow_pic, (cow.x, cow.y))
cow.y -= cowSpeed
对于奶牛中的奶牛：
cowRect=（cow.x，cow.y，127，76）
如果奶牛y+111<0：
cow.status='屏幕外'
如果cowRect.colliderect（MisselRect）：
cow.status=‘爆炸’
点数-=15
netRect=（净x，净y，127127）
如果cowRect.collide rect（netRect）：
积分+=90
屏幕光点（milkplus，（cow.x，cow.y））
powerup=pygame.mixer.Sound（“C:/Python35/powerup.mp3”）
通电。播放（）
shotNet=0
cow.status=“已捕获”#已捕获
如果cowRect.collide rect（playerRect）：
分数-=10
寿命-=1
cow.status='collision'
对于奶牛中的奶牛：
如果cow.status=='alive'：
屏幕blit（奶牛图片，（奶牛x，奶牛y））
cow.y-=cowSpeed
这将使事情在未来变得更容易。如果您对类不满意，则可以在集合中获得类似的行为。namedtuple
也许您可以更改为范围内的i（len（statusList））：
，因为您需要索引而不是值。作为一个非常简单的调试步骤，您可以在循环顶部打印i
，len（cow\x）
和镜头（奶牛）
。如果i
等于或大于len
值中的任何一个，那么这就是您的问题。对于范围内的i（len（statusList）），您可以更改为：
，因为您需要索引而不是值。作为一个非常简单的调试步骤，您可以在循环顶部打印i
，len（cow\x）
和镜头（奶牛）
。如果i
等于或大于len
值中的任何一个，那么这就是您的问题。这是一个非常有用的解决方案，并且它起到了作用