Python 如何使用另一个函数终止函数中的while循环。（井字游戏）

我正在用Python编写一个Tic-Tac-Toe程序。我已经完成了打印棋盘、接受用户输入和实际玩游戏的功能（棋盘随着每次输入而变化）。但是，我似乎无法在main

exec（）

函数中运行

输出（gboard）

函数来终止

，而True:

循环。代码如下：

def board(gboard):
    print("\n"*10)
    print(gboard[7]+'|'+gboard[8]+'|'+gboard[9])
    print(gboard[4]+'|'+gboard[5]+'|'+gboard[6])
    print(gboard[1]+'|'+gboard[2]+'|'+gboard[3])


def outcome(gboard):
    global ini
    if(gboard[1] == 'X') and (gboard[2] == 'X') and gboard[3] == 'X':
        print('Winner is X!')
        ini = 0
        return ini



def exec():
    move_counter = 0
    ini = 1
    winner = 'X'
    outcomes = ['X','O']

    print("Welcome to Tic Tac Toe!")
    print("Here's how the game works:\nEach number on the keypad represents a place on the table.")
    print("For example the number 1 stands for the box in column 1 row 3, while number 6 stands for column 3 row 2.")
    print("You will tell the computer where you wish to play using this system!")
    print("\n"*2+"Here is a visual representation of the board and the key numbers: ")
    print('7|8|9')
    print('4|5|6')
    print('1|2|3')
    print('If you wish to play X in the middle, you tell the computer to place X in position 5. Here is how a blank board will evolve:')
    print(' | | ')
    print(' |X| ')
    print(' | | ')
    print("So. Let's play!")

    player2 = None
    player1 = input('Player 1, would you like to be X or O(represents the letter)?: ')
    player1 = player1.upper()
    if(player1 == 'X'):
        player2 = 'O'
    else:
        player2 = 'X'
    print(f"Ok. Player 1 is {player1} and so that means that Player 2 is {player2}")


    gboard = ['#',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ']
    while True:
        move = int(input('Player 1, where would you like to play?: '))
        gboard[move] = player1
        move_counter += 1
        board(gboard)
        outcome(gboard)
        if(ini == 0) or move_counter == 9:
            break

        move2 = int(input('Player 2, where would you like to play?: '))
        gboard[move2] = player2
        move_counter += 1
        board(gboard)
        outcome(gboard)

        if(ini == 0) or move_counter == 9:
            break





    print('DONE!')
exec()

在这段代码中，我只输入了一个赢的条件，如果最后一行都是X-这就是我用来测试程序的。当我运行程序，并用X输入最下面一行时，它会打印“Winner is X！”但不会打破while循环。但是，当move_计数器达到9时，它会中断while循环。执行情况如下：

  Welcome to Tic Tac Toe!
Here's how the game works:
Each number on the keypad represents a place on the table.
For example the number 1 stands for the box in column 1 row 3, while number 6 stands for column 3 row 2.
You will tell the computer where you wish to play using this system!


Here is a visual representation of the board and the key numbers:
7|8|9
4|5|6
1|2|3
If you wish to play X in the middle, you tell the computer to place X in position 5. Here is how a blank board will evolve:
 | |
 |X|
 | |
So. Let's play!
Player 1, would you like to be X or O(represents the letter)?: X
Ok. Player 1 is X and so that means that Player 2 is O
Player 1, where would you like to play?: 1
 | |
 | |
X| |
Player 2, where would you like to play?: 4
 | |
O| |
X| |
Player 1, where would you like to play?: 2
 | |
O| |
X|X|
Player 2, where would you like to play?: 5
 | |
O|O|
X|X|
Player 1, where would you like to play?: 3
 | |
O|O|
X|X|X
Winner is X!
Player 2, where would you like to play?:

---

我不希望程序会问玩家2，在决定胜利者后他们想在哪里比赛。为什么我的结果函数没有跳出while循环？

似乎

exec

函数中的

ini

变量与

output

函数中的

ini

变量不同（一个是局部变量，一个是全局变量）。只需在

exec

函数中将

ini

声明为全局变量，即可解决此问题，如下所示：

def exec():
    move_counter = 0
    global ini <------- here
    ini = 1
    winner = 'X'
    outcomes = ['X','O']

def exec（）：
移动计数器=0
全局ini您在exec（）ini=1中设置，因此，即使通过获胜将其设置为0，它也将再次设置为1。
您可以从exec中删除ini=1，并在所有方法之前声明它，以便在游戏开始时它的值为1，在游戏结束时它的值仅设置为0

为什么我的结果函数没有打破while循环

因为
ini
仍然等于1。主函数有一个名为
ini
的局部变量，因此即使从
output
设置全局
ini
，它也将被忽略

您不应该为此使用全局变量。您对
返回ini的想法是正确的。但是，调用代码并不关心这个名称-它只关心值。当您调用
outcome
且X获胜时，它将
返回
0
的值。您应该分配以下内容：

ini = outcome(gboard)

下一步是，
outcome
需要返回一个值，即使X没有赢。（当然，你应该测试X可以赢，O可以赢的其他方式。）你可以使用多个不同的值来指示谁赢，或者游戏是否应该继续。
你应该将你的
ini
var作为全局变量

尝试将其放在方法范围之外的开始处，并在其中导入
全局ini


ini=None#一旦宣布了这一轮的获胜者，您的目标是立即关闭程序吗？“exec”中的“ini”是此函数的本地值。顺便说一下：“exec”是标准库中的一个函数。你应该用另一个名字，没错。谢谢！
ini = None # <--- declare ini as global without value  

def board(gboard):
    print("\n"*10)
    print(gboard[7]+'|'+gboard[8]+'|'+gboard[9])
    print(gboard[4]+'|'+gboard[5]+'|'+gboard[6])
    print(gboard[1]+'|'+gboard[2]+'|'+gboard[3])


def outcome(gboard):
    global ini
    if(gboard[1] == 'X') and (gboard[2] == 'X') and gboard[3] == 'X':
        print('Winner is X!')
        ini = 0
        return ini



def exec():
    global ini # <--- import ini global in this scope
    move_counter = 0
    ini = 1
    winner = 'X'
    outcomes = ['X','O']

    print("Welcome to Tic Tac Toe!")
    print("Here's how the game works:\nEach number on the keypad represents a place on the table.")
    print("For example the number 1 stands for the box in column 1 row 3, while number 6 stands for column 3 row 2.")
    print("You will tell the computer where you wish to play using this system!")
    print("\n"*2+"Here is a visual representation of the board and the key numbers: ")
    print('7|8|9')
    print('4|5|6')
    print('1|2|3')
    print('If you wish to play X in the middle, you tell the computer to place X in position 5. Here is how a blank board will evolve:')
    print(' | | ')
    print(' |X| ')
    print(' | | ')
    print("So. Let's play!")

    player2 = None
    player1 = input('Player 1, would you like to be X or O(represents the letter)?: ')
    player1 = player1.upper()
    if(player1 == 'X'):
        player2 = 'O'
    else:
        player2 = 'X'
    print(f"Ok. Player 1 is {player1} and so that means that Player 2 is {player2}")


    gboard = ['#',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ']
    while True:
        move = int(input('Player 1, where would you like to play?: '))
        gboard[move] = player1
        move_counter += 1
        board(gboard)
        outcome(gboard)
        if(ini == 0) or move_counter == 9:
            break

        move2 = int(input('Player 2, where would you like to play?: '))
        gboard[move2] = player2
        move_counter += 1
        board(gboard)
        outcome(gboard)

        if(ini == 0) or move_counter == 9:
            break





    print('DONE!`enter code here`')
exec()