Python 如何在Django中搜索多对多字段？

我有一个

配置文件

模型，另一个模型上有一个

ManyToManyField

我想对

配置文件

模型进行简单搜索，然后返回匹配的配置文件。目前，我的表单正确地显示在模板中，但提交后我无法获得任何内容

models.py

：

from django.db import models
from django.conf import settings

class Specialty(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=255)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name_plural = 'Specialties'

    def __unicode__(self):
        return u"%s" % self.title

class Profile(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL)
    specialties = models.ManyToManyField(Specialty, blank=True)

    def __unicode__(self):
        return u"%s" % (self.user.username)

    def get_absolute_url(self):
        return reverse("profile_detail", args=[str(self.user.username)])

from django import forms

from .profiles.models import Profile, Specialty

class ProfileSearchForm(forms.ModelForm):
    specialty = forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=Specialty.objects.all(), widget=forms.CheckboxSelectMultiple, required=False)

    class Meta:
        model = Profile
        fields = ('specialty',)

from django.views.generic.edit import FormView
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse_lazy

from .forms import ProfileSearchForm
from .profiles.models import Profile

class IndexView(FormView):
    template_name = 'index.html'
    form_class = ProfileSearchForm
    success_url = reverse_lazy('index')

    def form_valid(self, form):
        specialty = form.cleaned_data['specialty']
        self.profile_list = Profile.objects.filter(specialty__in=specialty)
        return super(IndexView, self).form_valid(form)

from django import forms
from .profiles.models import Profile, Specialty

class ProfileSearchForm(forms.ModelForm):
    specialties = forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=Specialty.objects.all(), widget=forms.CheckboxSelectMultiple, required=False)

    class Meta:
        model = Profile
        fields = ('specialties',)

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.request = kwargs.pop('request')
        super(ProfileSearchForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.fields['specialties'].initial = self.request.GET.getlist('specialties')

from django.views.generic import ListView
from django.views.generic.edit import FormMixin
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse_lazy
from .profiles.models import Profile
from .forms import ProfileSearchForm

class IndexView(FormMixin, ListView):
    model = Profile
    template_name = 'index.html'
    form_class = ProfileSearchForm
    success_url = reverse_lazy('index')

    def get_queryset(self):
        queryset = super(IndexView, self).get_queryset()
        specialties = self.request.GET.getlist('specialties')
        if specialties:
            queryset = queryset.filter(specialties__in=specialties).distinct('user')
        return queryset

    def get_form_kwargs(self):
        kwargs = super(IndexView, self).get_form_kwargs()
        kwargs['request'] = self.request
        return kwargs

    def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
        context = super(IndexView, self).get_context_data(**kwargs)
        form_class = self.get_form_class()
        context['form'] = self.get_form(form_class)
        return context

forms.py

：

from django.db import models
from django.conf import settings

class Specialty(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=255)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name_plural = 'Specialties'

    def __unicode__(self):
        return u"%s" % self.title

class Profile(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL)
    specialties = models.ManyToManyField(Specialty, blank=True)

    def __unicode__(self):
        return u"%s" % (self.user.username)

    def get_absolute_url(self):
        return reverse("profile_detail", args=[str(self.user.username)])

from django import forms

from .profiles.models import Profile, Specialty

class ProfileSearchForm(forms.ModelForm):
    specialty = forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=Specialty.objects.all(), widget=forms.CheckboxSelectMultiple, required=False)

    class Meta:
        model = Profile
        fields = ('specialty',)

from django.views.generic.edit import FormView
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse_lazy

from .forms import ProfileSearchForm
from .profiles.models import Profile

class IndexView(FormView):
    template_name = 'index.html'
    form_class = ProfileSearchForm
    success_url = reverse_lazy('index')

    def form_valid(self, form):
        specialty = form.cleaned_data['specialty']
        self.profile_list = Profile.objects.filter(specialty__in=specialty)
        return super(IndexView, self).form_valid(form)

from django import forms
from .profiles.models import Profile, Specialty

class ProfileSearchForm(forms.ModelForm):
    specialties = forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=Specialty.objects.all(), widget=forms.CheckboxSelectMultiple, required=False)

    class Meta:
        model = Profile
        fields = ('specialties',)

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.request = kwargs.pop('request')
        super(ProfileSearchForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.fields['specialties'].initial = self.request.GET.getlist('specialties')

from django.views.generic import ListView
from django.views.generic.edit import FormMixin
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse_lazy
from .profiles.models import Profile
from .forms import ProfileSearchForm

class IndexView(FormMixin, ListView):
    model = Profile
    template_name = 'index.html'
    form_class = ProfileSearchForm
    success_url = reverse_lazy('index')

    def get_queryset(self):
        queryset = super(IndexView, self).get_queryset()
        specialties = self.request.GET.getlist('specialties')
        if specialties:
            queryset = queryset.filter(specialties__in=specialties).distinct('user')
        return queryset

    def get_form_kwargs(self):
        kwargs = super(IndexView, self).get_form_kwargs()
        kwargs['request'] = self.request
        return kwargs

    def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
        context = super(IndexView, self).get_context_data(**kwargs)
        form_class = self.get_form_class()
        context['form'] = self.get_form(form_class)
        return context

views.py

：

from django.db import models
from django.conf import settings

class Specialty(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=255)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name_plural = 'Specialties'

    def __unicode__(self):
        return u"%s" % self.title

class Profile(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL)
    specialties = models.ManyToManyField(Specialty, blank=True)

    def __unicode__(self):
        return u"%s" % (self.user.username)

    def get_absolute_url(self):
        return reverse("profile_detail", args=[str(self.user.username)])

from django import forms

from .profiles.models import Profile, Specialty

class ProfileSearchForm(forms.ModelForm):
    specialty = forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=Specialty.objects.all(), widget=forms.CheckboxSelectMultiple, required=False)

    class Meta:
        model = Profile
        fields = ('specialty',)

from django.views.generic.edit import FormView
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse_lazy

from .forms import ProfileSearchForm
from .profiles.models import Profile

class IndexView(FormView):
    template_name = 'index.html'
    form_class = ProfileSearchForm
    success_url = reverse_lazy('index')

    def form_valid(self, form):
        specialty = form.cleaned_data['specialty']
        self.profile_list = Profile.objects.filter(specialty__in=specialty)
        return super(IndexView, self).form_valid(form)

from django import forms
from .profiles.models import Profile, Specialty

class ProfileSearchForm(forms.ModelForm):
    specialties = forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=Specialty.objects.all(), widget=forms.CheckboxSelectMultiple, required=False)

    class Meta:
        model = Profile
        fields = ('specialties',)

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.request = kwargs.pop('request')
        super(ProfileSearchForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.fields['specialties'].initial = self.request.GET.getlist('specialties')

from django.views.generic import ListView
from django.views.generic.edit import FormMixin
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse_lazy
from .profiles.models import Profile
from .forms import ProfileSearchForm

class IndexView(FormMixin, ListView):
    model = Profile
    template_name = 'index.html'
    form_class = ProfileSearchForm
    success_url = reverse_lazy('index')

    def get_queryset(self):
        queryset = super(IndexView, self).get_queryset()
        specialties = self.request.GET.getlist('specialties')
        if specialties:
            queryset = queryset.filter(specialties__in=specialties).distinct('user')
        return queryset

    def get_form_kwargs(self):
        kwargs = super(IndexView, self).get_form_kwargs()
        kwargs['request'] = self.request
        return kwargs

    def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
        context = super(IndexView, self).get_context_data(**kwargs)
        form_class = self.get_form_class()
        context['form'] = self.get_form(form_class)
        return context

index.html

：

<form action="{% url 'index' %}" method="get">
    {{ form.as_p }}
    <p><input type="submit" value="Search"></p>
</form>

<ul>
{% for profile in profile_list %}
    <li><a href="{{ profile.get_absolute_url }}">{{ profile.user.get_full_name }}</a></li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>

{{form.as_p}}


{配置文件列表%中的配置文件为%0}

{%endfor%}

我有一种感觉，这与

self.profile\u list

有关。我不知道它是否/如何进入

get\u extra\u context

。它不可能在第一次访问时就存在，所以我不知道如何使它存在或传递它。我也不确定Profile.objects.filter（speciality\uu in=speciality）是否是在多对多字段上查找字段的正确方法

---

我也愿意接受其他搜索建议，如Haystack，如果它们有优势的话。我更喜欢一组复选框，我认为Haystack无法通过刻面处理这些复选框。

我认为您正在寻找

Profile.objects.filter（specialties\uu in=speciality）

-Profile没有专业字段，它有一个专业字段

谢谢，Gergo和Cameron。我现在把它修好了。在这个问题上你是对的，但是还有很多步骤要走

• 我真正想要的是一个加上简单搜索的能力，这应该是一个可以让我添加

  form\u class

  和

  success\u url

  ，而不是作为一个整体
• 当在

  列表视图中指定默认的
  模型
  时，该视图会清除上下文，因此
  表单
  永远不会到达模板。需要将表单添加回上下文，其中包含文档

• form\u valid

  应该被删除，因为搜索从来都不是POST请求，不管文档在requirement

  form\u valid

  和

  form\u invalid

  中的“Note”下怎么说
• 我需要通过

  model

  获取默认查询集，或者读取get请求的

  specialties

  值并适当过滤结果
• 对于奖励积分，需要将当前请求传递给表单，以便在页面刷新后保留初始表单值。棘手的部分是，在使用时，必须使用的而不是方法来读取该值列表

现在大家在一起

forms.py

：

from django.db import models
from django.conf import settings

class Specialty(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=255)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name_plural = 'Specialties'

    def __unicode__(self):
        return u"%s" % self.title

class Profile(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL)
    specialties = models.ManyToManyField(Specialty, blank=True)

    def __unicode__(self):
        return u"%s" % (self.user.username)

    def get_absolute_url(self):
        return reverse("profile_detail", args=[str(self.user.username)])

from django import forms

from .profiles.models import Profile, Specialty

class ProfileSearchForm(forms.ModelForm):
    specialty = forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=Specialty.objects.all(), widget=forms.CheckboxSelectMultiple, required=False)

    class Meta:
        model = Profile
        fields = ('specialty',)

from django.views.generic.edit import FormView
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse_lazy

from .forms import ProfileSearchForm
from .profiles.models import Profile

class IndexView(FormView):
    template_name = 'index.html'
    form_class = ProfileSearchForm
    success_url = reverse_lazy('index')

    def form_valid(self, form):
        specialty = form.cleaned_data['specialty']
        self.profile_list = Profile.objects.filter(specialty__in=specialty)
        return super(IndexView, self).form_valid(form)

from django import forms
from .profiles.models import Profile, Specialty

class ProfileSearchForm(forms.ModelForm):
    specialties = forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=Specialty.objects.all(), widget=forms.CheckboxSelectMultiple, required=False)

    class Meta:
        model = Profile
        fields = ('specialties',)

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.request = kwargs.pop('request')
        super(ProfileSearchForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.fields['specialties'].initial = self.request.GET.getlist('specialties')

from django.views.generic import ListView
from django.views.generic.edit import FormMixin
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse_lazy
from .profiles.models import Profile
from .forms import ProfileSearchForm

class IndexView(FormMixin, ListView):
    model = Profile
    template_name = 'index.html'
    form_class = ProfileSearchForm
    success_url = reverse_lazy('index')

    def get_queryset(self):
        queryset = super(IndexView, self).get_queryset()
        specialties = self.request.GET.getlist('specialties')
        if specialties:
            queryset = queryset.filter(specialties__in=specialties).distinct('user')
        return queryset

    def get_form_kwargs(self):
        kwargs = super(IndexView, self).get_form_kwargs()
        kwargs['request'] = self.request
        return kwargs

    def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
        context = super(IndexView, self).get_context_data(**kwargs)
        form_class = self.get_form_class()
        context['form'] = self.get_form(form_class)
        return context

views.py

：

from django.db import models
from django.conf import settings

class Specialty(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=255)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name_plural = 'Specialties'

    def __unicode__(self):
        return u"%s" % self.title

class Profile(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL)
    specialties = models.ManyToManyField(Specialty, blank=True)

    def __unicode__(self):
        return u"%s" % (self.user.username)

    def get_absolute_url(self):
        return reverse("profile_detail", args=[str(self.user.username)])

from django import forms

from .profiles.models import Profile, Specialty

class ProfileSearchForm(forms.ModelForm):
    specialty = forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=Specialty.objects.all(), widget=forms.CheckboxSelectMultiple, required=False)

    class Meta:
        model = Profile
        fields = ('specialty',)

from django.views.generic.edit import FormView
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse_lazy

from .forms import ProfileSearchForm
from .profiles.models import Profile

class IndexView(FormView):
    template_name = 'index.html'
    form_class = ProfileSearchForm
    success_url = reverse_lazy('index')

    def form_valid(self, form):
        specialty = form.cleaned_data['specialty']
        self.profile_list = Profile.objects.filter(specialty__in=specialty)
        return super(IndexView, self).form_valid(form)

from django import forms
from .profiles.models import Profile, Specialty

class ProfileSearchForm(forms.ModelForm):
    specialties = forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=Specialty.objects.all(), widget=forms.CheckboxSelectMultiple, required=False)

    class Meta:
        model = Profile
        fields = ('specialties',)

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.request = kwargs.pop('request')
        super(ProfileSearchForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.fields['specialties'].initial = self.request.GET.getlist('specialties')

from django.views.generic import ListView
from django.views.generic.edit import FormMixin
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse_lazy
from .profiles.models import Profile
from .forms import ProfileSearchForm

class IndexView(FormMixin, ListView):
    model = Profile
    template_name = 'index.html'
    form_class = ProfileSearchForm
    success_url = reverse_lazy('index')

    def get_queryset(self):
        queryset = super(IndexView, self).get_queryset()
        specialties = self.request.GET.getlist('specialties')
        if specialties:
            queryset = queryset.filter(specialties__in=specialties).distinct('user')
        return queryset

    def get_form_kwargs(self):
        kwargs = super(IndexView, self).get_form_kwargs()
        kwargs['request'] = self.request
        return kwargs

    def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
        context = super(IndexView, self).get_context_data(**kwargs)
        form_class = self.get_form_class()
        context['form'] = self.get_form(form_class)
        return context