R 包安装错误：编译失败

我最近将R更新为3.1.0。我试图在R.Framework（我运行的是OSX Mavericks）中将我的软件包移到3.1版本，但不知怎么搞得一团糟，所以在干净的安装之前完全卸载了所有软件包

重新安装软件包时，我没有遇到任何问题，直到我点击

forecast

软件包，该软件包产生以下错误：

     package ‘forecast’ is available as a source package but not as a binary

Warning in install.packages :
package ‘forecast’ is not available (for R version 3.1.0)

实际上，在重新安装之前，我让R3.1.0和forecast和hts一起工作，所以我怀疑问题源于我所做的事情，而不是兼容性问题

我运行了以下命令，看看是否可以找到有关安装失败的更多详细信息：

install.packages（“forecast”，type=“source”，verbose=T，quiet=F）

其输出稍微超出我的理解范围，但可能有助于诊断：

system (cmd0): /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/bin/R CMD INSTALL
trying URL 'http://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/forecast_5.3.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 150395 bytes (146 Kb)
opened URL
==================================================
downloaded 146 Kb

foundpkgs: forecast, /var/folders/0y/_13fkvws0tn5xh4m8wsymkdh0000gp/T//RtmpzTzSpG/downloaded_packages/forecast_5.3.tar.gz
files: /var/folders/0y/_13fkvws0tn5xh4m8wsymkdh0000gp/T//RtmpzTzSpG/downloaded_packages/forecast_5.3.tar.gz
* installing *source* package ‘forecast’ ...
** package ‘forecast’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
** libs
clang++ -I/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/include -DNDEBUG  -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/include/freetype2 -I/opt/X11/include -I"/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.1/Resources/library/Rcpp/include" -I"/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.1/Resources/library/RcppArmadillo/include"   -fPIC  -Wall -mtune=core2 -g -O2  -c calcBATS.cpp -o calcBATS.o
clang++ -I/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/include -DNDEBUG  -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/include/freetype2 -I/opt/X11/include -I"/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.1/Resources/library/Rcpp/include" -I"/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.1/Resources/library/RcppArmadillo/include"   -fPIC  -Wall -mtune=core2 -g -O2  -c calcTBATS.cpp -o calcTBATS.o
clang++ -I/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/include -DNDEBUG  -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/include/freetype2 -I/opt/X11/include -I"/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.1/Resources/library/Rcpp/include" -I"/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.1/Resources/library/RcppArmadillo/include"   -fPIC  -Wall -mtune=core2 -g -O2  -c etsTargetFunction.cpp -o etsTargetFunction.o
clang++ -I/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/include -DNDEBUG  -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/include/freetype2 -I/opt/X11/include -I"/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.1/Resources/library/Rcpp/include" -I"/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.1/Resources/library/RcppArmadillo/include"   -fPIC  -Wall -mtune=core2 -g -O2  -c etsTargetFunctionWrapper.cpp -o etsTargetFunctionWrapper.o
clang -I/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/include -DNDEBUG  -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/include/freetype2 -I/opt/X11/include -I"/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.1/Resources/library/Rcpp/include" -I"/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.1/Resources/library/RcppArmadillo/include"   -fPIC  -Wall -mtune=core2 -g -O2  -c etscalc.c -o etscalc.o
clang -I/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/include -DNDEBUG  -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/include/freetype2 -I/opt/X11/include -I"/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.1/Resources/library/Rcpp/include" -I"/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.1/Resources/library/RcppArmadillo/include"   -fPIC  -Wall -mtune=core2 -g -O2  -c etspolyroot.c -o etspolyroot.o
clang++ -I/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/include -DNDEBUG  -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/include/freetype2 -I/opt/X11/include -I"/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.1/Resources/library/Rcpp/include" -I"/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.1/Resources/library/RcppArmadillo/include"   -fPIC  -Wall -mtune=core2 -g -O2  -c makeBATSMatrices.cpp -o makeBATSMatrices.o
clang++ -I/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/include -DNDEBUG  -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/include/freetype2 -I/opt/X11/include -I"/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.1/Resources/library/Rcpp/include" -I"/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.1/Resources/library/RcppArmadillo/include"   -fPIC  -Wall -mtune=core2 -g -O2  -c makeTBATSMatrices.cpp -o makeTBATSMatrices.o
makeTBATSMatrices.cpp:11:6: warning: unused variable 'lengthSeasonal' [-Wunused-variable]
        int lengthSeasonal = 0;
            ^
1 warning generated.
clang++ -I/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/include -DNDEBUG  -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/include/freetype2 -I/opt/X11/include -I"/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.1/Resources/library/Rcpp/include" -I"/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.1/Resources/library/RcppArmadillo/include"   -fPIC  -Wall -mtune=core2 -g -O2  -c updateMatrices.cpp -o updateMatrices.o
clang++ -I/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/include -DNDEBUG  -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/include/freetype2 -I/opt/X11/include -I"/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.1/Resources/library/Rcpp/include" -I"/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.1/Resources/library/RcppArmadillo/include"   -fPIC  -Wall -mtune=core2 -g -O2  -c updateTBATSMatrices.cpp -o updateTBATSMatrices.o
updateTBATSMatrices.cpp:38:10: warning: unused variable 'gammaVector' [-Wunused-variable]
        double *gammaVector;
                ^
1 warning generated.
clang++ -dynamiclib -Wl,-headerpad_max_install_names -undefined dynamic_lookup -single_module -multiply_defined suppress -L/usr/local/lib -o forecast.so calcBATS.o calcTBATS.o etsTargetFunction.o etsTargetFunctionWrapper.o etscalc.o etspolyroot.o makeBATSMatrices.o makeTBATSMatrices.o updateMatrices.o updateTBATSMatrices.o -L/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/lib -lRlapack -L/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/lib -lRblas -L/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.0.0/4.8.2 -lgfortran -lquadmath -lm -F/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/.. -framework R -Wl,-framework -Wl,CoreFoundation
ld: warning: directory not found for option '-L/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.0.0/4.8.2'
ld: library not found for -lgfortran
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
make: *** [forecast.so] Error 1
ERROR: compilation failed for package ‘forecast’
* removing ‘/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.1/Resources/library/forecast’
Warning in install.packages :
  installation of package ‘forecast’ had non-zero exit status

The downloaded source packages are in
    ‘/private/var/folders/0y/_13fkvws0tn5xh4m8wsymkdh0000gp/T/RtmpzTzSpG/downloaded_packages’

我真的很感谢你的帮助。我最近编写的许多代码都依赖于forecast中的函数

从brew安装gfortran（如果您没有brew，请用谷歌搜索它。安装非常简单）：

brew安装gfortran

如果已安装，请使用以下软件升级至最新版本：

brew升级gfortran

然后执行以下操作之一：

ln-s/usr/local/ceral/gfortran/4.8.2/gfortran/lib/libgfortran.*/usr/local/lib/

或将此行添加到

~/.R/Makevars

文件中：

FLIBS=-L/usr/local/cell/gfortran/4.8.2/gfortran

我做了第二个选择

现在再次运行

install.packages（“forecast”，type=“source”）

，它应该可以工作了

---

在我的例子中，我试图用

devtools:：install\u github（“robjhyndman/forecast”）

安装最新版本的{forecast}包，但出现了类似的错误

然后，尽管我不确定我所做的是否正确，但根据mchangun的回答，我做了如下操作，并解决了错误：

brew升级gcc

错误：已安装gcc 5.2.0

gcc--版本

配置为：--prefix=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr--gxx include dir=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.11.sdk/usr/include/c++/4.2.1 苹果LLVM 7.0.0版（clang-700.1.76） 目标：x86_64-apple-darwin15.0.0 线程模型：posix

ls/usr/local/cell/gcc

4.9.2 4.9.2_1 5.2.0

将行

FLIBS=-L/usr/local/ceral/gcc/5.2.0

添加到

~/.R/Makevars

文件中

运行

devtools:：install\u github（“robjhyndman/forecast”）

就可以了

从下载gfortran

sudo rm-r/usr/local/gfortran/usr/local/bin/gfortran

然后安装gfortran

sudo vi/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/etc/Makeconf

将所有gfortran-4.8更改为gfortran

FC=gfortran FCFLAGS=-Wall-g-O2$（LTO） FCLIBS= F77=gfortran F77_能见度= FFLAGS=-g-O2$（LTO）

FLIBS=-L/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.0.0/4.8.2-lgfortran-lquadmath-lm 将上面的FLIBS更改为下面的FLIBS FLIBS=-L/usr/local/gfortran/lib-lgfortran-lquadmath-lmTerminal

brew安装gcc

gcc——版本

ls/usr/本地/酒窖/gcc 6.3.0_1

sudo vi/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/etc/Makeconf

添加行FLIBS=-L/usr/local/ceral/gcc/6.3.0_1

Rstudio：

安装包（“预测”

---

要安装gfortran，请使用

brew cask install gfortran

---

看看

r-sig-mac

档案，里面有很多关于如何在Mavericks下编译

r

包的说明。