Ruby on rails 在Heroku上部署Ruby on Rails后端API时出错（nil:NilClass（NoMethodError）的未定义方法`[]'；）

我正在尝试在Heroku上为React/Redux前端部署Rails API后端。它使用PostgreSQL、ruby 2.6.1和rails 5.2.2

在我

bundle安装

和

rake db:migrate

之后，当我尝试运行/访问服务器时，会出现此错误。特别是当我在Heroku CLI中运行rails c时

=> Run `rails server -h` for more startup options
Exiting
Traceback (most recent call last):
        97: from /app/bin/rails:9:in `<main>'
        96: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:291:in `require'
        95: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:257:in `load_dependency'
        94: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:291:in `block in require'
        93: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.4.3/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:30:in `require'
        92: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.4.3/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:21:in `require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
        91: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.4.3/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/loaded_features_index.rb:92:in `register'
        90: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.4.3/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `block in require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
        89: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.4.3/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `require'
        88: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/railties-5.2.3/lib/rails/commands.rb:18:in `<main>'
        87: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/railties-5.2.3/lib/rails/command.rb:46:in `invoke'
        86: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/railties-5.2.3/lib/rails/command/base.rb:65:in `perform'
        85: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/thor-0.20.3/lib/thor.rb:387:in `dispatch'
        84: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/thor-0.20.3/lib/thor/invocation.rb:126:in `invoke_command'
        83: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/thor-0.20.3/lib/thor/command.rb:27:in `run'
        82: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/railties-5.2.3/lib/rails/commands/server/server_command.rb:142:in `perform'
        81: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/railties-5.2.3/lib/rails/commands/server/server_command.rb:142:in `tap'
        79: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/railties-5.2.3/lib/rails/commands/server/server_command.rb:53:in `start'
        78: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/rack-2.0.7/lib/rack/server.rb:283:in `start'
        77: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/rack-2.0.7/lib/rack/server.rb:354:in `wrapped_app'
        76: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/railties-5.2.3/lib/rails/commands/server/server_command.rb:27:in `app'
        75: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/rack-2.0.7/lib/rack/server.rb:219:in `app'
        74: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/rack-2.0.7/lib/rack/server.rb:319:in `build_app_and_options_from_config'
        73: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/rack-2.0.7/lib/rack/builder.rb:40:in `parse_file'
        72: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/rack-2.0.7/lib/rack/builder.rb:49:in `new_from_string'
        71: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/rack-2.0.7/lib/rack/builder.rb:49:in `eval'
        70: from config.ru:in `<main>'
        69: from config.ru:in `new'
        68: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/rack-2.0.7/lib/rack/builder.rb:55:in `initialize'
        67: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/rack-2.0.7/lib/rack/builder.rb:55:in `instance_eval'
        66: from config.ru:3:in `block in <main>'
        65: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.4.3/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:48:in `require_relative'
        64: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:291:in `require'
        63: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:257:in `load_dependency'
        62: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:291:in `block in require'
        61: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.4.3/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:30:in `require'
        60: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.4.3/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:21:in `require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
        59: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.4.3/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/loaded_features_index.rb:92:in `register'
        58: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.4.3/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `block in require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
        57: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.4.3/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `require'
        56: from /app/config/environment.rb:5:in `<main>'
        55: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/railties-5.2.3/lib/rails/application.rb:361:in `initialize!'
        54: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/railties-5.2.3/lib/rails/initializable.rb:60:in `run_initializers'
        53: from /app/vendor/ruby-2.6.1/lib/ruby/2.6.0/tsort.rb:205:in `tsort_each'
        52: from /app/vendor/ruby-2.6.1/lib/ruby/2.6.0/tsort.rb:226:in `tsort_each'
        51: from /app/vendor/ruby-2.6.1/lib/ruby/2.6.0/tsort.rb:347:in `each_strongly_connected_component'
        50: from /app/vendor/ruby-2.6.1/lib/ruby/2.6.0/tsort.rb:347:in `call'
        49: from /app/vendor/ruby-2.6.1/lib/ruby/2.6.0/tsort.rb:347:in `each'
        48: from /app/vendor/ruby-2.6.1/lib/ruby/2.6.0/tsort.rb:349:in `block in each_strongly_connected_component'
        47: from /app/vendor/ruby-2.6.1/lib/ruby/2.6.0/tsort.rb:431:in `each_strongly_connected_component_from'
        46: from /app/vendor/ruby-2.6.1/lib/ruby/2.6.0/tsort.rb:350:in `block (2 levels) in each_strongly_connected_component'
        45: from /app/vendor/ruby-2.6.1/lib/ruby/2.6.0/tsort.rb:228:in `block in tsort_each'
        44: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/railties-5.2.3/lib/rails/initializable.rb:61:in `block in run_initializers'
        43: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/railties-5.2.3/lib/rails/initializable.rb:32:in `run'
        42: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/railties-5.2.3/lib/rails/initializable.rb:32:in `instance_exec'
        41: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/railties-5.2.3/lib/rails/application/finisher.rb:69:in `block in <module:Finisher>'
        40: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/railties-5.2.3/lib/rails/application/finisher.rb:69:in `each'
        39: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/railties-5.2.3/lib/rails/engine.rb:356:in `eager_load!'
        38: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/railties-5.2.3/lib/rails/engine.rb:475:in `eager_load!'
        37: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/railties-5.2.3/lib/rails/engine.rb:475:in `each'
        36: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/railties-5.2.3/lib/rails/engine.rb:477:in `block in eager_load!'
        35: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/railties-5.2.3/lib/rails/engine.rb:477:in `each'
        34: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/railties-5.2.3/lib/rails/engine.rb:478:in `block (2 levels) in eager_load!'
        33: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:246:in `require_dependency'
        32: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.4.3/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/active_support.rb:85:in `depend_on'
        31: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:334:in `depend_on'
        30: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.4.3/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/active_support.rb:47:in `require_or_load'
        29: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.4.3/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/active_support.rb:16:in `allow_bootsnap_retry'
        28: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.4.3/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/active_support.rb:48:in `block in require_or_load'
        27: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:356:in `require_or_load'
        26: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:37:in `load_interlock'
        25: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies/interlock.rb:13:in `loading'
        24: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/concurrency/share_lock.rb:151:in `exclusive'
        23: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies/interlock.rb:14:in `block in loading'
        22: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:37:in `block in load_interlock'
        21: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:378:in `block in require_or_load'
        20: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:291:in `require'
        19: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:257:in `load_dependency'
        18: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:291:in `block in require'
        17: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.4.3/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:30:in `require'
        16: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.4.3/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:21:in `require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
        15: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.4.3/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/loaded_features_index.rb:92:in `register'
        14: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.4.3/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `block in require_with_bootsnap_lfi'
        13: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/bootsnap-1.4.3/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:22:in `require'
        12: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activestorage-5.2.3/app/models/active_storage/blob.rb:16:in `<main>'
        11: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activestorage-5.2.3/app/models/active_storage/blob.rb:235:in `<class:Blob>'
        10: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/lazy_load_hooks.rb:51:in `run_load_hooks'
         9: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/lazy_load_hooks.rb:51:in `each'
         8: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/lazy_load_hooks.rb:52:in `block in run_load_hooks'
         7: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/lazy_load_hooks.rb:67:in `execute_hook'
         6: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/lazy_load_hooks.rb:62:in `with_execution_control'
         5: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/lazy_load_hooks.rb:71:in `block in execute_hook'
         4: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activesupport-5.2.3/lib/active_support/lazy_load_hooks.rb:71:in `instance_eval'
         3: from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activestorage-5.2.3/lib/active_storage/engine.rb:95:in `block (2 levels) in <class:Engine>'
         2: from /app/vendor/ruby-2.6.1/lib/ruby/2.6.0/erb.rb:901:in `result'
         1: from /app/vendor/ruby-2.6.1/lib/ruby/2.6.0/erb.rb:901:in `eval'
(erb):12:in `<main>': undefined method `[]' for nil:NilClass (NoMethodError)

你知道会出什么问题吗

这是我的档案

source 'https://rubygems.org'
git_source(:github) { |repo| "https://github.com/#{repo}.git" }

ruby '2.6.1'


gem 'rails', '~> 5.2.2', '>= 5.2.2.1'
gem 'pg', '>= 0.18', '< 2.0'
gem 'puma', '~> 3.11'
gem 'bcrypt', '~> 3.1.7'
gem 'active_model_serializers', '~> 0.10.0'
gem "jwt", "~> 2.1"
gem "aws-sdk-s3", require: false

gem 'bootsnap', '>= 1.1.0', require: false
gem 'rack-cors'

group :development, :test do
  gem 'byebug', platforms: [:mri, :mingw, :x64_mingw]
end

group :development do
  gem 'listen', '>= 3.0.5', '< 3.2'
  gem 'spring'
  gem 'spring-watcher-listen', '~> 2.0.0'
end

gem 'tzinfo-data', platforms: [:mingw, :mswin, :x64_mingw, :jruby]

源代码'https://rubygems.org'
git|u源（：github）{| repo |“https://github.com/#{repo}.git}
ruby“2.6.1”
gem'rails'，'~>5.2.2'，'>=5.2.2.1'
宝石'pg'，'>=0.18'，'<2.0'
宝石“彪马”，“大于3.11”
gem'bcrypt'，“~>3.1.7”
gem“活动\模型\序列化程序”，“~>0.10.0”
宝石“jwt”，“~>2.1”
gem“aws-sdk-s3”，要求：假
gem'bootsnap'，'>=1.1.0'，require:false
宝石“机架cors”
小组：开发，：测试
gem'byebug'，平台：[：mri，：mingw，：x64_mingw]
结束
小组：发展怎么办
gem'listen'，'>=3.0.5'，'<3.2'
宝石“春天”
gem‘SpringWatcherListen’，“~>2.0.0”
结束
gem'tzinfo data'，平台：[:mingw，:mswin，:x64_mingw，:jruby]

您是否在生产环境中配置了

活动存储

？啊。不，我没有！！我已经设置了一个生产环境，但我仍然收到相同的错误，您是否在生产环境中配置了

活动存储

。不，我没有！！我已经设置了一个生产驱动环境，但仍然会出现相同的错误

source 'https://rubygems.org'
git_source(:github) { |repo| "https://github.com/#{repo}.git" }

ruby '2.6.1'


gem 'rails', '~> 5.2.2', '>= 5.2.2.1'
gem 'pg', '>= 0.18', '< 2.0'
gem 'puma', '~> 3.11'
gem 'bcrypt', '~> 3.1.7'
gem 'active_model_serializers', '~> 0.10.0'
gem "jwt", "~> 2.1"
gem "aws-sdk-s3", require: false

gem 'bootsnap', '>= 1.1.0', require: false
gem 'rack-cors'

group :development, :test do
  gem 'byebug', platforms: [:mri, :mingw, :x64_mingw]
end

group :development do
  gem 'listen', '>= 3.0.5', '< 3.2'
  gem 'spring'
  gem 'spring-watcher-listen', '~> 2.0.0'
end

gem 'tzinfo-data', platforms: [:mingw, :mswin, :x64_mingw, :jruby]