Ruby on rails pg gem更新后出现Rails应用程序错误_Ruby On Rails_Ruby_Postgresql_Pg

Ruby on rails pg gem更新后出现Rails应用程序错误

ruby-on-rails ruby postgresql

Ruby on rails pg gem更新后出现Rails应用程序错误,ruby-on-rails,ruby,postgresql,pg,Ruby On Rails,Ruby,Postgresql,Pg,我将数据库的更新为1.0.0版本，现在出现问题。我正在尝试恢复到以前的版本，但仍然会出现错误。还有其他人有同样的问题吗 Gemfile # Use postgresql as the database for Active Record gem 'pg', '~> 0.21.0' # Use postgresql as the database for Active Record gem 'pg', '~> 1.0.0' 运行rake db:migrate时出错 dyld: la

我将数据库的更新为1.0.0版本，现在出现问题。我正在尝试恢复到以前的版本，但仍然会出现错误。还有其他人有同样的问题吗

Gemfile

# Use postgresql as the database for Active Record
gem 'pg', '~> 0.21.0'

# Use postgresql as the database for Active Record
gem 'pg', '~> 1.0.0'

运行rake db:migrate时出错

dyld: lazy symbol binding failed: Symbol not found: _rb_fd_init
  Referenced from: /Users/topher/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.0/gems/pg-0.21.0/lib/pg_ext.bundle
  Expected in: flat namespace

rake aborted!
Gem::LoadError: Specified 'postgresql' for database adapter, 
     but the gem is not loaded. Add `gem 'pg'` to your Gemfile 
     (and ensure its version is at the minimum required by 
     ActiveRecord).

Specified 'postgresql' for database adapter, but the gem is not 
    loaded. Add `gem 'pg'` to your Gemfile (and ensure its version is 
    at the minimum required by ActiveRecord). (Gem::LoadError)

$ bundle update
The dependency tzinfo-data (>= 0) will be unused by any of the platforms Bundler is installing for. Bundler is installing for ruby but the dependency is only for x86-mingw32, x86-mswin32, x64-mingw32, java. To add those platforms to the bundle, run `bundle lock --add-platform x86-mingw32 x86-mswin32 x64-mingw32 java`.
Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/.............
Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/.
Resolving dependencies.....
Using rake 12.3.0
Using concurrent-ruby 1.0.5
Using i18n 0.9.5 (was 0.9.3)
Using minitest 5.11.3
Using thread_safe 0.3.6
Using tzinfo 1.2.5 (was 1.2.4)
Using activesupport 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using builder 3.2.3
Fetching erubi 1.7.1 (was 1.7.0)
Installing erubi 1.7.1 (was 1.7.0)
Using mini_portile2 2.3.0
Using nokogiri 1.8.2
Using rails-dom-testing 2.0.3
Using crass 1.0.3
Using loofah 2.2.0 (was 2.1.1)
Using rails-html-sanitizer 1.0.3
Using actionview 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using rack 2.0.4
Using rack-test 0.8.3 (was 0.8.2)
Using actionpack 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using nio4r 2.2.0
Using websocket-extensions 0.1.3
Using websocket-driver 0.6.5
Using actioncable 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using globalid 0.4.1
Using activejob 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using mini_mime 1.0.0
Using mail 2.7.0
Using actionmailer 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using activemodel 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using arel 8.0.0
Using activerecord 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using bundler 1.16.1
Using method_source 0.9.0
Using thor 0.20.0
Using railties 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using sprockets 3.7.1
Using sprockets-rails 3.2.1
Using rails 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using actionview-encoded_mail_to 1.0.9
Using public_suffix 3.0.2 (was 3.0.1)
Using addressable 2.5.2
Using execjs 2.7.0
Fetching autoprefixer-rails 8.1.0.1 (was 7.2.5)
Installing autoprefixer-rails 8.1.0.1 (was 7.2.5)
Fetching aws-partitions 1.70.0 (was 1.61.0)
Installing aws-partitions 1.70.0 (was 1.61.0)
Using aws-sigv4 1.0.2
Using jmespath 1.3.1
Fetching aws-sdk-core 3.17.0 (was 3.15.0)
Installing aws-sdk-core 3.17.0 (was 3.15.0)
Using aws-sdk-kms 1.5.0
Fetching aws-sdk-s3 1.8.2 (was 1.8.0)
Installing aws-sdk-s3 1.8.2 (was 1.8.0)
Using bcrypt 3.1.11
Using bindex 0.5.0
Using popper_js 1.12.9
Using rb-fsevent 0.10.3 (was 0.10.2)
Using ffi 1.9.23 (was 1.9.18)
Using rb-inotify 0.9.10
Using sass-listen 4.0.0
Using sass 3.5.5
Using bootstrap 4.0.0
Using bootstrap-table-rails 1.11.1.1
Using uniform_notifier 1.11.0
Fetching bullet 5.7.4 (was 5.7.2)
Installing bullet 5.7.4 (was 5.7.2)
Using byebug 10.0.0
Using xpath 3.0.0
Using capybara 2.18.0 (was 2.17.0)
Using mime-types-data 3.2016.0521
Using mime-types 3.1
Using carrierwave 1.2.2
Using carrierwave-aws 1.3.0
Fetching childprocess 0.9.0 (was 0.8.0)
Installing childprocess 0.9.0 (was 0.8.0)
Using coffee-script-source 1.12.2
Using coffee-script 2.4.1
Using coffee-rails 4.2.2
Using orm_adapter 0.5.0
Using responders 2.4.0
Using warden 1.2.7
Using devise 4.4.1
Using unf_ext 0.0.7.5
Using unf 0.1.4
Using domain_name 0.5.20170404
Using dotenv 2.2.1
Using dotenv-rails 2.2.1
Using font-awesome-rails 4.7.0.3
Using http-cookie 1.0.3
Using multi_json 1.13.1
Using jbuilder 2.7.0
Using jquery-rails 4.3.1
Using jquery-ui-rails 6.0.1
Using json 2.1.0
Using ruby_dep 1.5.0
Using listen 3.1.5
Using mini_magick 4.8.0
Using netrc 0.11.0
Using pg 1.0.0
Fetching puma 3.11.3 (was 3.11.2)
Installing puma 3.11.3 (was 3.11.2) with native extensions
Fetching recaptcha 4.6.6 (was 4.6.5)
Installing recaptcha 4.6.6 (was 4.6.5)
Using redcarpet 2.3.0
Using rest-client 2.0.2
Using rubyzip 1.2.1
Using tilt 2.0.8
Using sass-rails 5.0.7
Using selenium-webdriver 3.10.0 (was 3.8.0)
Using spring 2.0.2
Using spring-watcher-listen 2.0.1
Using turbolinks-source 5.1.0
Using turbolinks 5.1.0
Fetching uglifier 4.1.7 (was 4.1.5)
Installing uglifier 4.1.7 (was 4.1.5)
Using web-console 3.5.1
Bundle updated!

运行
rails时没有错误

dyld: lazy symbol binding failed: Symbol not found: _rb_fd_init
  Referenced from: /Users/topher/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.0/gems/pg-0.21.0/lib/pg_ext.bundle
  Expected in: flat namespace

rake aborted!
Gem::LoadError: Specified 'postgresql' for database adapter, 
     but the gem is not loaded. Add `gem 'pg'` to your Gemfile 
     (and ensure its version is at the minimum required by 
     ActiveRecord).

Specified 'postgresql' for database adapter, but the gem is not 
    loaded. Add `gem 'pg'` to your Gemfile (and ensure its version is 
    at the minimum required by ActiveRecord). (Gem::LoadError)

$ bundle update
The dependency tzinfo-data (>= 0) will be unused by any of the platforms Bundler is installing for. Bundler is installing for ruby but the dependency is only for x86-mingw32, x86-mswin32, x64-mingw32, java. To add those platforms to the bundle, run `bundle lock --add-platform x86-mingw32 x86-mswin32 x64-mingw32 java`.
Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/.............
Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/.
Resolving dependencies.....
Using rake 12.3.0
Using concurrent-ruby 1.0.5
Using i18n 0.9.5 (was 0.9.3)
Using minitest 5.11.3
Using thread_safe 0.3.6
Using tzinfo 1.2.5 (was 1.2.4)
Using activesupport 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using builder 3.2.3
Fetching erubi 1.7.1 (was 1.7.0)
Installing erubi 1.7.1 (was 1.7.0)
Using mini_portile2 2.3.0
Using nokogiri 1.8.2
Using rails-dom-testing 2.0.3
Using crass 1.0.3
Using loofah 2.2.0 (was 2.1.1)
Using rails-html-sanitizer 1.0.3
Using actionview 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using rack 2.0.4
Using rack-test 0.8.3 (was 0.8.2)
Using actionpack 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using nio4r 2.2.0
Using websocket-extensions 0.1.3
Using websocket-driver 0.6.5
Using actioncable 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using globalid 0.4.1
Using activejob 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using mini_mime 1.0.0
Using mail 2.7.0
Using actionmailer 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using activemodel 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using arel 8.0.0
Using activerecord 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using bundler 1.16.1
Using method_source 0.9.0
Using thor 0.20.0
Using railties 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using sprockets 3.7.1
Using sprockets-rails 3.2.1
Using rails 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using actionview-encoded_mail_to 1.0.9
Using public_suffix 3.0.2 (was 3.0.1)
Using addressable 2.5.2
Using execjs 2.7.0
Fetching autoprefixer-rails 8.1.0.1 (was 7.2.5)
Installing autoprefixer-rails 8.1.0.1 (was 7.2.5)
Fetching aws-partitions 1.70.0 (was 1.61.0)
Installing aws-partitions 1.70.0 (was 1.61.0)
Using aws-sigv4 1.0.2
Using jmespath 1.3.1
Fetching aws-sdk-core 3.17.0 (was 3.15.0)
Installing aws-sdk-core 3.17.0 (was 3.15.0)
Using aws-sdk-kms 1.5.0
Fetching aws-sdk-s3 1.8.2 (was 1.8.0)
Installing aws-sdk-s3 1.8.2 (was 1.8.0)
Using bcrypt 3.1.11
Using bindex 0.5.0
Using popper_js 1.12.9
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Using ffi 1.9.23 (was 1.9.18)
Using rb-inotify 0.9.10
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Using bootstrap 4.0.0
Using bootstrap-table-rails 1.11.1.1
Using uniform_notifier 1.11.0
Fetching bullet 5.7.4 (was 5.7.2)
Installing bullet 5.7.4 (was 5.7.2)
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Using xpath 3.0.0
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Installing childprocess 0.9.0 (was 0.8.0)
Using coffee-script-source 1.12.2
Using coffee-script 2.4.1
Using coffee-rails 4.2.2
Using orm_adapter 0.5.0
Using responders 2.4.0
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Using dotenv-rails 2.2.1
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Using pg 1.0.0
Fetching puma 3.11.3 (was 3.11.2)
Installing puma 3.11.3 (was 3.11.2) with native extensions
Fetching recaptcha 4.6.6 (was 4.6.5)
Installing recaptcha 4.6.6 (was 4.6.5)
Using redcarpet 2.3.0
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Using rubyzip 1.2.1
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Using sass-rails 5.0.7
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Using spring 2.0.2
Using spring-watcher-listen 2.0.1
Using turbolinks-source 5.1.0
Using turbolinks 5.1.0
Fetching uglifier 4.1.7 (was 4.1.5)
Installing uglifier 4.1.7 (was 4.1.5)
Using web-console 3.5.1
Bundle updated!

当我将Gemfile更改为pg gem的最新版本时，会出现以下错误：

Gemfile

# Use postgresql as the database for Active Record
gem 'pg', '~> 0.21.0'

# Use postgresql as the database for Active Record
gem 'pg', '~> 1.0.0'

运行rake db:migrate时出错

dyld: lazy symbol binding failed: Symbol not found: _rb_fd_init
  Referenced from: /Users/topher/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.0/gems/pg-0.21.0/lib/pg_ext.bundle
  Expected in: flat namespace

rake aborted!
Gem::LoadError: Specified 'postgresql' for database adapter, 
     but the gem is not loaded. Add `gem 'pg'` to your Gemfile 
     (and ensure its version is at the minimum required by 
     ActiveRecord).

Specified 'postgresql' for database adapter, but the gem is not 
    loaded. Add `gem 'pg'` to your Gemfile (and ensure its version is 
    at the minimum required by ActiveRecord). (Gem::LoadError)

$ bundle update
The dependency tzinfo-data (>= 0) will be unused by any of the platforms Bundler is installing for. Bundler is installing for ruby but the dependency is only for x86-mingw32, x86-mswin32, x64-mingw32, java. To add those platforms to the bundle, run `bundle lock --add-platform x86-mingw32 x86-mswin32 x64-mingw32 java`.
Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/.............
Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/.
Resolving dependencies.....
Using rake 12.3.0
Using concurrent-ruby 1.0.5
Using i18n 0.9.5 (was 0.9.3)
Using minitest 5.11.3
Using thread_safe 0.3.6
Using tzinfo 1.2.5 (was 1.2.4)
Using activesupport 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using builder 3.2.3
Fetching erubi 1.7.1 (was 1.7.0)
Installing erubi 1.7.1 (was 1.7.0)
Using mini_portile2 2.3.0
Using nokogiri 1.8.2
Using rails-dom-testing 2.0.3
Using crass 1.0.3
Using loofah 2.2.0 (was 2.1.1)
Using rails-html-sanitizer 1.0.3
Using actionview 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using rack 2.0.4
Using rack-test 0.8.3 (was 0.8.2)
Using actionpack 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using nio4r 2.2.0
Using websocket-extensions 0.1.3
Using websocket-driver 0.6.5
Using actioncable 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using globalid 0.4.1
Using activejob 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using mini_mime 1.0.0
Using mail 2.7.0
Using actionmailer 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using activemodel 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using arel 8.0.0
Using activerecord 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using bundler 1.16.1
Using method_source 0.9.0
Using thor 0.20.0
Using railties 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using sprockets 3.7.1
Using sprockets-rails 3.2.1
Using rails 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using actionview-encoded_mail_to 1.0.9
Using public_suffix 3.0.2 (was 3.0.1)
Using addressable 2.5.2
Using execjs 2.7.0
Fetching autoprefixer-rails 8.1.0.1 (was 7.2.5)
Installing autoprefixer-rails 8.1.0.1 (was 7.2.5)
Fetching aws-partitions 1.70.0 (was 1.61.0)
Installing aws-partitions 1.70.0 (was 1.61.0)
Using aws-sigv4 1.0.2
Using jmespath 1.3.1
Fetching aws-sdk-core 3.17.0 (was 3.15.0)
Installing aws-sdk-core 3.17.0 (was 3.15.0)
Using aws-sdk-kms 1.5.0
Fetching aws-sdk-s3 1.8.2 (was 1.8.0)
Installing aws-sdk-s3 1.8.2 (was 1.8.0)
Using bcrypt 3.1.11
Using bindex 0.5.0
Using popper_js 1.12.9
Using rb-fsevent 0.10.3 (was 0.10.2)
Using ffi 1.9.23 (was 1.9.18)
Using rb-inotify 0.9.10
Using sass-listen 4.0.0
Using sass 3.5.5
Using bootstrap 4.0.0
Using bootstrap-table-rails 1.11.1.1
Using uniform_notifier 1.11.0
Fetching bullet 5.7.4 (was 5.7.2)
Installing bullet 5.7.4 (was 5.7.2)
Using byebug 10.0.0
Using xpath 3.0.0
Using capybara 2.18.0 (was 2.17.0)
Using mime-types-data 3.2016.0521
Using mime-types 3.1
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Using carrierwave-aws 1.3.0
Fetching childprocess 0.9.0 (was 0.8.0)
Installing childprocess 0.9.0 (was 0.8.0)
Using coffee-script-source 1.12.2
Using coffee-script 2.4.1
Using coffee-rails 4.2.2
Using orm_adapter 0.5.0
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Using font-awesome-rails 4.7.0.3
Using http-cookie 1.0.3
Using multi_json 1.13.1
Using jbuilder 2.7.0
Using jquery-rails 4.3.1
Using jquery-ui-rails 6.0.1
Using json 2.1.0
Using ruby_dep 1.5.0
Using listen 3.1.5
Using mini_magick 4.8.0
Using netrc 0.11.0
Using pg 1.0.0
Fetching puma 3.11.3 (was 3.11.2)
Installing puma 3.11.3 (was 3.11.2) with native extensions
Fetching recaptcha 4.6.6 (was 4.6.5)
Installing recaptcha 4.6.6 (was 4.6.5)
Using redcarpet 2.3.0
Using rest-client 2.0.2
Using rubyzip 1.2.1
Using tilt 2.0.8
Using sass-rails 5.0.7
Using selenium-webdriver 3.10.0 (was 3.8.0)
Using spring 2.0.2
Using spring-watcher-listen 2.0.1
Using turbolinks-source 5.1.0
Using turbolinks 5.1.0
Fetching uglifier 4.1.7 (was 4.1.5)
Installing uglifier 4.1.7 (was 4.1.5)
Using web-console 3.5.1
Bundle updated!

运行rails s时出现错误

dyld: lazy symbol binding failed: Symbol not found: _rb_fd_init
  Referenced from: /Users/topher/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.0/gems/pg-0.21.0/lib/pg_ext.bundle
  Expected in: flat namespace

rake aborted!
Gem::LoadError: Specified 'postgresql' for database adapter, 
     but the gem is not loaded. Add `gem 'pg'` to your Gemfile 
     (and ensure its version is at the minimum required by 
     ActiveRecord).

Specified 'postgresql' for database adapter, but the gem is not 
    loaded. Add `gem 'pg'` to your Gemfile (and ensure its version is 
    at the minimum required by ActiveRecord). (Gem::LoadError)

$ bundle update
The dependency tzinfo-data (>= 0) will be unused by any of the platforms Bundler is installing for. Bundler is installing for ruby but the dependency is only for x86-mingw32, x86-mswin32, x64-mingw32, java. To add those platforms to the bundle, run `bundle lock --add-platform x86-mingw32 x86-mswin32 x64-mingw32 java`.
Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/.............
Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/.
Resolving dependencies.....
Using rake 12.3.0
Using concurrent-ruby 1.0.5
Using i18n 0.9.5 (was 0.9.3)
Using minitest 5.11.3
Using thread_safe 0.3.6
Using tzinfo 1.2.5 (was 1.2.4)
Using activesupport 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using builder 3.2.3
Fetching erubi 1.7.1 (was 1.7.0)
Installing erubi 1.7.1 (was 1.7.0)
Using mini_portile2 2.3.0
Using nokogiri 1.8.2
Using rails-dom-testing 2.0.3
Using crass 1.0.3
Using loofah 2.2.0 (was 2.1.1)
Using rails-html-sanitizer 1.0.3
Using actionview 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using rack 2.0.4
Using rack-test 0.8.3 (was 0.8.2)
Using actionpack 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using nio4r 2.2.0
Using websocket-extensions 0.1.3
Using websocket-driver 0.6.5
Using actioncable 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using globalid 0.4.1
Using activejob 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using mini_mime 1.0.0
Using mail 2.7.0
Using actionmailer 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using activemodel 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using arel 8.0.0
Using activerecord 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using bundler 1.16.1
Using method_source 0.9.0
Using thor 0.20.0
Using railties 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using sprockets 3.7.1
Using sprockets-rails 3.2.1
Using rails 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using actionview-encoded_mail_to 1.0.9
Using public_suffix 3.0.2 (was 3.0.1)
Using addressable 2.5.2
Using execjs 2.7.0
Fetching autoprefixer-rails 8.1.0.1 (was 7.2.5)
Installing autoprefixer-rails 8.1.0.1 (was 7.2.5)
Fetching aws-partitions 1.70.0 (was 1.61.0)
Installing aws-partitions 1.70.0 (was 1.61.0)
Using aws-sigv4 1.0.2
Using jmespath 1.3.1
Fetching aws-sdk-core 3.17.0 (was 3.15.0)
Installing aws-sdk-core 3.17.0 (was 3.15.0)
Using aws-sdk-kms 1.5.0
Fetching aws-sdk-s3 1.8.2 (was 1.8.0)
Installing aws-sdk-s3 1.8.2 (was 1.8.0)
Using bcrypt 3.1.11
Using bindex 0.5.0
Using popper_js 1.12.9
Using rb-fsevent 0.10.3 (was 0.10.2)
Using ffi 1.9.23 (was 1.9.18)
Using rb-inotify 0.9.10
Using sass-listen 4.0.0
Using sass 3.5.5
Using bootstrap 4.0.0
Using bootstrap-table-rails 1.11.1.1
Using uniform_notifier 1.11.0
Fetching bullet 5.7.4 (was 5.7.2)
Installing bullet 5.7.4 (was 5.7.2)
Using byebug 10.0.0
Using xpath 3.0.0
Using capybara 2.18.0 (was 2.17.0)
Using mime-types-data 3.2016.0521
Using mime-types 3.1
Using carrierwave 1.2.2
Using carrierwave-aws 1.3.0
Fetching childprocess 0.9.0 (was 0.8.0)
Installing childprocess 0.9.0 (was 0.8.0)
Using coffee-script-source 1.12.2
Using coffee-script 2.4.1
Using coffee-rails 4.2.2
Using orm_adapter 0.5.0
Using responders 2.4.0
Using warden 1.2.7
Using devise 4.4.1
Using unf_ext 0.0.7.5
Using unf 0.1.4
Using domain_name 0.5.20170404
Using dotenv 2.2.1
Using dotenv-rails 2.2.1
Using font-awesome-rails 4.7.0.3
Using http-cookie 1.0.3
Using multi_json 1.13.1
Using jbuilder 2.7.0
Using jquery-rails 4.3.1
Using jquery-ui-rails 6.0.1
Using json 2.1.0
Using ruby_dep 1.5.0
Using listen 3.1.5
Using mini_magick 4.8.0
Using netrc 0.11.0
Using pg 1.0.0
Fetching puma 3.11.3 (was 3.11.2)
Installing puma 3.11.3 (was 3.11.2) with native extensions
Fetching recaptcha 4.6.6 (was 4.6.5)
Installing recaptcha 4.6.6 (was 4.6.5)
Using redcarpet 2.3.0
Using rest-client 2.0.2
Using rubyzip 1.2.1
Using tilt 2.0.8
Using sass-rails 5.0.7
Using selenium-webdriver 3.10.0 (was 3.8.0)
Using spring 2.0.2
Using spring-watcher-listen 2.0.1
Using turbolinks-source 5.1.0
Using turbolinks 5.1.0
Fetching uglifier 4.1.7 (was 4.1.5)
Installing uglifier 4.1.7 (was 4.1.5)
Using web-console 3.5.1
Bundle updated!

还有其他人遇到这个问题并解决了吗

在进一步研究了这个问题之后，在@MartinZinovsky发表评论时，我想知道这是否不是pg gem的问题，而是另一个gem没有更新，特别是ActiveRecord。这是错误中让我思考的部分，因为它在两个错误中都出现了：

确保其版本为ActiveRecord要求的最低版本

因此，我没有像Martin建议的那样做

捆绑更新pg

，而是做了

捆绑更新

，让它检查并更新所有有可用更新的gem。当这样做时，它实际上将所有的“action”和“active”gem以及“activerecord”gem更新到了一个新版本。这似乎解决了问题。现在，

rakedb:migrate

起作用了，

rails s

。以下是我运行

bundle update

后的输出，以防其他人遇到此问题，并且需要更新的不仅仅是ActiveRecord。也许您可以使用此列表查看我这方面更新的其他内容，以找出它不适合您的原因：

运行
包更新后

dyld: lazy symbol binding failed: Symbol not found: _rb_fd_init
  Referenced from: /Users/topher/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.0/gems/pg-0.21.0/lib/pg_ext.bundle
  Expected in: flat namespace

rake aborted!
Gem::LoadError: Specified 'postgresql' for database adapter, 
     but the gem is not loaded. Add `gem 'pg'` to your Gemfile 
     (and ensure its version is at the minimum required by 
     ActiveRecord).

Specified 'postgresql' for database adapter, but the gem is not 
    loaded. Add `gem 'pg'` to your Gemfile (and ensure its version is 
    at the minimum required by ActiveRecord). (Gem::LoadError)

$ bundle update
The dependency tzinfo-data (>= 0) will be unused by any of the platforms Bundler is installing for. Bundler is installing for ruby but the dependency is only for x86-mingw32, x86-mswin32, x64-mingw32, java. To add those platforms to the bundle, run `bundle lock --add-platform x86-mingw32 x86-mswin32 x64-mingw32 java`.
Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/.............
Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/.
Resolving dependencies.....
Using rake 12.3.0
Using concurrent-ruby 1.0.5
Using i18n 0.9.5 (was 0.9.3)
Using minitest 5.11.3
Using thread_safe 0.3.6
Using tzinfo 1.2.5 (was 1.2.4)
Using activesupport 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using builder 3.2.3
Fetching erubi 1.7.1 (was 1.7.0)
Installing erubi 1.7.1 (was 1.7.0)
Using mini_portile2 2.3.0
Using nokogiri 1.8.2
Using rails-dom-testing 2.0.3
Using crass 1.0.3
Using loofah 2.2.0 (was 2.1.1)
Using rails-html-sanitizer 1.0.3
Using actionview 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using rack 2.0.4
Using rack-test 0.8.3 (was 0.8.2)
Using actionpack 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using nio4r 2.2.0
Using websocket-extensions 0.1.3
Using websocket-driver 0.6.5
Using actioncable 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using globalid 0.4.1
Using activejob 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using mini_mime 1.0.0
Using mail 2.7.0
Using actionmailer 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using activemodel 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using arel 8.0.0
Using activerecord 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using bundler 1.16.1
Using method_source 0.9.0
Using thor 0.20.0
Using railties 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using sprockets 3.7.1
Using sprockets-rails 3.2.1
Using rails 5.1.5 (was 5.1.4)
Using actionview-encoded_mail_to 1.0.9
Using public_suffix 3.0.2 (was 3.0.1)
Using addressable 2.5.2
Using execjs 2.7.0
Fetching autoprefixer-rails 8.1.0.1 (was 7.2.5)
Installing autoprefixer-rails 8.1.0.1 (was 7.2.5)
Fetching aws-partitions 1.70.0 (was 1.61.0)
Installing aws-partitions 1.70.0 (was 1.61.0)
Using aws-sigv4 1.0.2
Using jmespath 1.3.1
Fetching aws-sdk-core 3.17.0 (was 3.15.0)
Installing aws-sdk-core 3.17.0 (was 3.15.0)
Using aws-sdk-kms 1.5.0
Fetching aws-sdk-s3 1.8.2 (was 1.8.0)
Installing aws-sdk-s3 1.8.2 (was 1.8.0)
Using bcrypt 3.1.11
Using bindex 0.5.0
Using popper_js 1.12.9
Using rb-fsevent 0.10.3 (was 0.10.2)
Using ffi 1.9.23 (was 1.9.18)
Using rb-inotify 0.9.10
Using sass-listen 4.0.0
Using sass 3.5.5
Using bootstrap 4.0.0
Using bootstrap-table-rails 1.11.1.1
Using uniform_notifier 1.11.0
Fetching bullet 5.7.4 (was 5.7.2)
Installing bullet 5.7.4 (was 5.7.2)
Using byebug 10.0.0
Using xpath 3.0.0
Using capybara 2.18.0 (was 2.17.0)
Using mime-types-data 3.2016.0521
Using mime-types 3.1
Using carrierwave 1.2.2
Using carrierwave-aws 1.3.0
Fetching childprocess 0.9.0 (was 0.8.0)
Installing childprocess 0.9.0 (was 0.8.0)
Using coffee-script-source 1.12.2
Using coffee-script 2.4.1
Using coffee-rails 4.2.2
Using orm_adapter 0.5.0
Using responders 2.4.0
Using warden 1.2.7
Using devise 4.4.1
Using unf_ext 0.0.7.5
Using unf 0.1.4
Using domain_name 0.5.20170404
Using dotenv 2.2.1
Using dotenv-rails 2.2.1
Using font-awesome-rails 4.7.0.3
Using http-cookie 1.0.3
Using multi_json 1.13.1
Using jbuilder 2.7.0
Using jquery-rails 4.3.1
Using jquery-ui-rails 6.0.1
Using json 2.1.0
Using ruby_dep 1.5.0
Using listen 3.1.5
Using mini_magick 4.8.0
Using netrc 0.11.0
Using pg 1.0.0
Fetching puma 3.11.3 (was 3.11.2)
Installing puma 3.11.3 (was 3.11.2) with native extensions
Fetching recaptcha 4.6.6 (was 4.6.5)
Installing recaptcha 4.6.6 (was 4.6.5)
Using redcarpet 2.3.0
Using rest-client 2.0.2
Using rubyzip 1.2.1
Using tilt 2.0.8
Using sass-rails 5.0.7
Using selenium-webdriver 3.10.0 (was 3.8.0)
Using spring 2.0.2
Using spring-watcher-listen 2.0.1
Using turbolinks-source 5.1.0
Using turbolinks 5.1.0
Fetching uglifier 4.1.7 (was 4.1.5)
Installing uglifier 4.1.7 (was 4.1.5)
Using web-console 3.5.1
Bundle updated!

当然，在更改GEM文件后，我正在运行

捆绑安装。您使用的是OS X吗？如果是，哪个版本？我这样问是因为，也许你可以通过使用XCode-select--install
I在OS X.10.13.3上更新/选择正确的XCode来解决这个问题。XCode是9.2版（9C40b），在Gemfile
中更改版本后，请尝试bundle update pg
。打赌你在Gemfile.lock
@MartinZinovsky中有旧版本，bundle update pg
带来了这样的结果：Bundler试图更新pg，但其版本保持不变。另外，Gemfile.lock
确实显示了pg（~>1.0.0）
。