Ruby on rails 无法在Rails中设置capybara

我正在学习如何使用Capybara在Rails中的一个简单应用程序上进行集成测试

但是，我在运行“rspec spec”时出错：

bundle exec rspec spec
/home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/capybara-2.3.0/lib/capybara/dsl.rb:1: warning: loading in progress, circular require considered harmful - /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/capybara-2.3.0/lib/capybara.rb
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `<main>'
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `eval'
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/bin/rspec:23:in `<main>'
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/bin/rspec:23:in `load'
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/exe/rspec:4:in `<top (required)>'
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:38:in `invoke'
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:70:in `run'
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:85:in `run'
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:96:in `setup'
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration_options.rb:22:in `configure'
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration_options.rb:100:in `process_options_into'
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration_options.rb:100:in `each'
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration_options.rb:101:in `block in process_options_into'
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:1018:in `requires='
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:1018:in `each'
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:1018:in `block in requires='
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:1018:in `require'
    from /home/alex/git-projects/rails-projects/qotd2/spec/spec_helper.rb:6:in `<top (required)>'
    from /home/alex/git-projects/rails-projects/qotd2/spec/spec_helper.rb:6:in `require'
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/capybara-2.3.0/lib/capybara/rails.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/capybara-2.3.0/lib/capybara/rails.rb:1:in `require'
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/capybara-2.3.0/lib/capybara.rb:5:in `<top (required)>'
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/capybara-2.3.0/lib/capybara.rb:320:in `<module:Capybara>'
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/capybara-2.3.0/lib/capybara.rb:320:in `require'
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/capybara-2.3.0/lib/capybara/dsl.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/capybara-2.3.0/lib/capybara/dsl.rb:1:in `require'
/home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/capybara-2.3.0/lib/capybara/node/matchers.rb:121: warning: assigned but unused variable - e
/home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/capybara-2.3.0/lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb:119: warning: assigned but unused variable - a
/home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/capybara-2.3.0/lib/capybara/rails.rb:6:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>': uninitialized constant Rails (NameError)
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rack-1.5.2/lib/rack/builder.rb:55:in `instance_eval'
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rack-1.5.2/lib/rack/builder.rb:55:in `initialize'
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rack-1.5.2/lib/rack/builder.rb:145:in `new'
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rack-1.5.2/lib/rack/builder.rb:145:in `block in generate_map'
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rack-1.5.2/lib/rack/builder.rb:145:in `each'
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rack-1.5.2/lib/rack/builder.rb:145:in `generate_map'
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rack-1.5.2/lib/rack/builder.rb:132:in `to_app'
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/capybara-2.3.0/lib/capybara/rails.rb:13:in `<top (required)>'
    from /home/alex/git-projects/rails-projects/qotd2/spec/spec_helper.rb:6:in `require'
    from /home/alex/git-projects/rails-projects/qotd2/spec/spec_helper.rb:6:in `<top (required)>'
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:1018:in `require'
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:1018:in `block in requires='
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:1018:in `each'
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:1018:in `requires='
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration_options.rb:101:in `block in process_options_into'
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration_options.rb:100:in `each'
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration_options.rb:100:in `process_options_into'
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration_options.rb:22:in `configure'
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:96:in `setup'
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:85:in `run'
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:70:in `run'
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:38:in `invoke'
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/exe/rspec:4:in `<top (required)>'
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/bin/rspec:23:in `load'
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/bin/rspec:23:in `<main>'
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `eval'
    from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `<main>'

我的测试用例

（位置：/spec/features/users\u spec.rb）

：

我的spec\u helper.rb

（位置：/spec/spec\u helper.rb）

：

这里提供了一些解决方案，例如将测试用例放在features文件夹中，以及为capybara DSL创建配置语句。但我似乎无法让水豚发挥作用。似乎我的情况有点独特，尤其是上面的错误消息。需要注意的一点是，在运行

railsgrspec:install

之后，我的

spec\u helper.rb

为空（这正常吗？）。因此，上面的代码非常简洁

有什么想法吗？

删除.rspec中的警告

---

我也有类似的问题。仅使用

需要“水豚”

在我的spec_helper.rb文件中，而不是

需要“水豚/rails”

需要“水豚/rspec”

已通过“未初始化常量轨道（NameError）”

我仍然收到了有关通知要求的警告，但测试运行正常

*编辑*
我必须补充：

——需要规格帮助器

——需要rails\u助手

---

在项目目录的.rspec文件中，也可以让测试最终正确运行（rspec3.0）。

@mkmadd的回答解决了我的问题。我还建议遵循Romanwv的提示并删除.rspec中的警告，这样可以省去一些麻烦。

尝试卸载测试和开发环境中的所有gems，然后运行

捆绑安装

您不需要

包含Capybara:：DSL

。

group :test do
    gem 'fake'
    gem 'capybara'
    gem 'database_cleaner'
    gem 'launchy'
end

group :development, :test do
    gem 'rspec-rails'
    gem 'factory_girl_rails'
    gem 'guard-rspec'
    gem 'growl'
    gem 'dotenv-rails'
end

require 'spec_helper'

describe 'User authentication' do 
    context 'new user signs up' do
        it "saves the new user" do 
            visit "/"
            expect {
                click_button 'Sign up'
                fill_in 'Name', with: 'alexjiao'
                fill_in 'Email', with: "alexjiao@yahoo.com"
                fill_in 'Password', with: 'asdfasdf'
                fill_in 'Password confirmation', with: 'asdfasdf'
                click_button 'Create my account'
            }.to change(User, :count).by(1)
        end
    end

end

require 'capybara/rails'
require 'capybara/rspec'

RSpec.configure do |config|
  config.include Capybara::DSL
end