Ruby on rails 为什么当我运行'；rake测试：型号'；？

我正在使用Rails 4（beta版）和模型测试部分（迭代B2）进行敏捷Web开发。在我在test/models/product_test.rb文件中添加以下代码之前，一切都进展顺利。它是从pdf中粘贴的副本。当我尝试运行模型测试时，我遇到了一个奇怪的错误。我也在出版商的网站上发表了文章

这是我在终端中运行

rake测试：models--trace

后得到的错误

➜  depot git:(master) ✗ rake test:models --trace  
** Invoke test:models (first_time)  
** Invoke test:prepare (first_time)  
** Invoke db:test:prepare (first_time)  
** Execute db:test:prepare  
** Invoke db:test:load (first_time)  
** Invoke db:test:purge (first_time)  
** Invoke environment (first_time)  
** Execute environment  
** Invoke db:load_config (first_time)  
** Execute db:load_config  
** Execute db:test:purge  
** Execute db:test:load  
** Invoke db:test:load_schema (first_time)  
** Invoke db:test:purge   
** Execute db:test:load_schema  
** Invoke db:schema:load (first_time)  
** Invoke environment   
** Invoke db:load_config   
** Execute db:schema:load  
** Invoke db:abort_if_pending_migrations (first_time)  
** Invoke environment   
** Execute db:abort_if_pending_migrations  
** Execute test:prepare  
** Execute test:models  
rake aborted!  
unknown command 'i'  
/Users/admin/Dropbox/code/rails/depot/test/models/product_test.rb:39:in `test'  
/Users/admin/Dropbox/code/rails/depot/test/models/product_test.rb:39:in `<top (required)>'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/activesupport-4.0.0.rc1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:228:in `require'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/activesupport-4.0.0.rc1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:228:in `block in require'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/activesupport-4.0.0.rc1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:213:in `load_dependency'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/activesupport-4.0.0.rc1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:228:in `require'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/railties-4.0.0.rc1/lib/rails/test_unit/sub_test_task.rb:73:in `block (3 levels) in define'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/railties-4.0.0.rc1/lib/rails/test_unit/sub_test_task.rb:73:in `each'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/railties-4.0.0.rc1/lib/rails/test_unit/sub_test_task.rb:73:in `block (2 levels) in define'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/railties-4.0.0.rc1/lib/rails/test_unit/sub_test_task.rb:72:in `each'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/railties-4.0.0.rc1/lib/rails/test_unit/sub_test_task.rb:72:in `block in define'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/task.rb:236:in `call'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/task.rb:236:in `block in execute'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/task.rb:231:in `each'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/task.rb:231:in `execute'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/task.rb:175:in `block in invoke_with_call_chain'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p385/lib/ruby/1.9.1/monitor.rb:211:in `mon_synchronize'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/task.rb:168:in `invoke_with_call_chain'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/task.rb:161:in `invoke'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:149:in `invoke_task'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:106:in `block (2 levels) in top_level'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:106:in `each'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:106:in `block in top_level'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:115:in `run_with_threads'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:100:in `top_level'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:78:in `block in run'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:165:in `standard_exception_handling'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:75:in `run'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/bin/rake:33:in `<top (required)>'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/bin/rake:23:in `load'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/bin/rake:23:in `<main>'  
Tasks: TOP => test:models  
Run options: --seed 9617  

# Running tests:  

..  

Finished tests in 0.550033s, 3.6361 tests/s, 18.1807 assertions/s.  

➜  仓库吉特：（船长）✗ rake测试：模型——跟踪
**调用测试：模型（第一次）
**调用测试：准备（第一次）
**调用数据库：测试：准备（第一次）
**执行db:test:prepare
**调用数据库：测试：加载（第一次）
**调用数据库：测试：清除（第一次）
**调用环境（第一次）
**执行环境
**调用数据库：加载配置（第一次）
**执行db:load\u config
**执行db:test:purge
**执行db:test:load
**调用数据库：测试：加载模式（第一次）
**调用数据库：测试：清除
**执行db:test:load\u模式
**调用数据库：模式：加载（第一次）
**调用环境
**调用db:load\u config
**执行db:schema:load
**调用数据库：如果挂起迁移，则中止（第一次）
**调用环境
**执行数据库：如果\u挂起\u迁移，则中止\u
**执行测试：准备
**执行测试：模型
雷克流产了！
未知命令“i”
/用户/admin/Dropbox/code/rails/depot/test/models/product_test.rb:39:in'test'
/Users/admin/Dropbox/code/rails/depot/test/models/product_test.rb:39:in`'
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/activesupport-4.0.0.rc1/lib/active\u-support/dependencies.rb:228:in'require'
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/activesupport-4.0.0.rc1/lib/active\u support/dependencies.rb:228:in'block in require'
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/activesupport-4.0.0.rc1/lib/active\u-support/dependencies.rb:213:in'load\u-dependency'
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/activesupport-4.0.0.rc1/lib/active\u-support/dependencies.rb:228:in'require'
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/railties-4.0.0.rc1/lib/rails/test_unit/sub_test_task.rb:73:在“定义中的块（3个级别）”中
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/railties-4.0.0.rc1/lib/rails/test\u unit/sub\u test\u task.rb:73:in'each'
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/railties-4.0.0.rc1/lib/rails/test_unit/sub_test_task.rb:73:“定义中的块（2个级别）”中
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/railties-4.0.0.rc1/lib/rails/test\u unit/sub\u test\u task.rb:72:in'each'
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/railties-4.0.0.rc1/lib/rails/test_unit/sub_test_task.rb:72:in'block in define'
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/task.rb:236:in'call'
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/task.rb:236:in'block in execute'
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/task.rb:231:in'each'
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/task.rb:231:in'execute'
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/task.rb:175:'block in invoke_with_call_chain'
/Users/admin/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p385/lib/ruby/1.9.1/monitor.rb:211:in'mon_synchronize'
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/task.rb:168:in'invoke_with_call_chain'
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/task.rb:161:in'invoke'
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:149:in'invoke_task'
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:106:in `顶层的块（2层）'
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:106:in'each'
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:106:in“顶层块”
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:115:in'run_with_threads'
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:100:in“顶级”
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:78:in'block in run'
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:165:在“标准异常处理”中
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:75:in'run'
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/bin/rake:33:in`'
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/料仓/耙：23：在“装载”中
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/垃圾箱/耙：23:in`'
任务：TOP=>测试：模型
运行选项：--seed 9617
#运行测试：
..  
以0.550033s、3.6361次测试/秒、18.1807次断言/秒的速度完成测试。

跟踪告诉您在文件product_test.rb（这就是

product_test.rb:39

的意思）的第39行有

未知命令“i”

---

你在那行的某个地方有一些放错地方的

i

？它可能在您引用的代码片段之外——如果没有您的行号，我就说不出来。

屏幕外没有任何内容。这里有更多信息：当我编辑第39行时，如下所示：

test“mage url”do

错误是

未知命令“m”

，这让我觉得代码在某个点上没有被正确解析。@Nikola你说你是从PDF复制和粘贴的--可能有一些“隐藏的”你不想要的角色——可能是聪明的/卷曲的引号？删除那一行并手动键入--这能解决您的问题吗？好吧，我最初手动键入整行内容，但得到了相同的错误。我抄袭

➜  depot git:(master) ✗ rake test:models --trace  
** Invoke test:models (first_time)  
** Invoke test:prepare (first_time)  
** Invoke db:test:prepare (first_time)  
** Execute db:test:prepare  
** Invoke db:test:load (first_time)  
** Invoke db:test:purge (first_time)  
** Invoke environment (first_time)  
** Execute environment  
** Invoke db:load_config (first_time)  
** Execute db:load_config  
** Execute db:test:purge  
** Execute db:test:load  
** Invoke db:test:load_schema (first_time)  
** Invoke db:test:purge   
** Execute db:test:load_schema  
** Invoke db:schema:load (first_time)  
** Invoke environment   
** Invoke db:load_config   
** Execute db:schema:load  
** Invoke db:abort_if_pending_migrations (first_time)  
** Invoke environment   
** Execute db:abort_if_pending_migrations  
** Execute test:prepare  
** Execute test:models  
rake aborted!  
unknown command 'i'  
/Users/admin/Dropbox/code/rails/depot/test/models/product_test.rb:39:in `test'  
/Users/admin/Dropbox/code/rails/depot/test/models/product_test.rb:39:in `<top (required)>'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/activesupport-4.0.0.rc1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:228:in `require'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/activesupport-4.0.0.rc1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:228:in `block in require'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/activesupport-4.0.0.rc1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:213:in `load_dependency'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/activesupport-4.0.0.rc1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:228:in `require'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/railties-4.0.0.rc1/lib/rails/test_unit/sub_test_task.rb:73:in `block (3 levels) in define'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/railties-4.0.0.rc1/lib/rails/test_unit/sub_test_task.rb:73:in `each'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/railties-4.0.0.rc1/lib/rails/test_unit/sub_test_task.rb:73:in `block (2 levels) in define'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/railties-4.0.0.rc1/lib/rails/test_unit/sub_test_task.rb:72:in `each'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/railties-4.0.0.rc1/lib/rails/test_unit/sub_test_task.rb:72:in `block in define'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/task.rb:236:in `call'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/task.rb:236:in `block in execute'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/task.rb:231:in `each'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/task.rb:231:in `execute'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/task.rb:175:in `block in invoke_with_call_chain'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p385/lib/ruby/1.9.1/monitor.rb:211:in `mon_synchronize'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/task.rb:168:in `invoke_with_call_chain'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/task.rb:161:in `invoke'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:149:in `invoke_task'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:106:in `block (2 levels) in top_level'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:106:in `each'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:106:in `block in top_level'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:115:in `run_with_threads'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:100:in `top_level'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:78:in `block in run'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:165:in `standard_exception_handling'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/lib/rake/application.rb:75:in `run'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/gems/rake-10.1.0/bin/rake:33:in `<top (required)>'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/bin/rake:23:in `load'  
/Users/admin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p385@rails3tut/bin/rake:23:in `<main>'  
Tasks: TOP => test:models  
Run options: --seed 9617  

# Running tests:  

..  

Finished tests in 0.550033s, 3.6361 tests/s, 18.1807 assertions/s.