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Sparql 这些使用sh:or的形状图之间有什么区别？

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Sparql 这些使用sh:or的形状图之间有什么区别？,sparql,rdf,turtle-rdf,shacl,Sparql,Rdf,Turtle Rdf,Shacl,我有下面的数据图表 @prefix hr: <http://learningsparql.com/ns/humanResources#> . @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> . @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . @prefix sch: <http://schema.org/> . @p

我有下面的数据图表

@prefix hr: <http://learningsparql.com/ns/humanResources#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix sch: <http://schema.org/> .
@prefix xml: <http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .

hr:Another a rdfs:Class .

hr:Employee a rdfs:Class ;
    rdfs:label "model" ;
    rdfs:comment "a good employee" .

hr:Longer a hr:Employee ;
    rdfs:label "model" ;
    rdfs:comment "a good employee" .

hr:freestanding a rdf:Property ;
    sch:rangeIncludes sch:Text .

hr:missing rdfs:comment "some comment about missing" .

hr:name a rdf:Property ;
    sch:domainIncludes hr:Employee .

hr:nosuper a rdf:Property ;
    sch:domainIncludes hr:Uncreated ;
    sch:rangeIncludes sch:Text .

hr:randomtype a hr:invalidtype ;
    rdfs:label "some label about randomtype" ;
    rdfs:comment "some comment about randomtype" .

hr:typo a rdfs:Classs ;
    rdfs:label "some label about typo" ;
    rdfs:comment "some comment about typo" .
但是，此形状图：

（B） --坏结果

                    @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
                    @prefix rdf:  <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
                    @prefix sch:  <http://schema.org/> .
                    @prefix sh:   <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#> .
                    @prefix ex:  <http://example.org/> .

                    ex:ClassOrProperty
                        a sh:NodeShape ;
                        sh:target [
                            a sh:SPARQLTarget ;
                            sh:select   """
                                        SELECT ?this
                                        WHERE {
                                            ?this ?p ?o .
                                        }
                                        """ ;
                        ] ;

                        sh:property [
                            sh:path     [sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type] ;
                            sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ;
                            sh:or (
                                [ sh:hasValue rdfs:Class;   ]
                                [ sh:hasValue rdf:Property; ]
                            )
                        ];
                    .
为什么结果不同

我之所以喜欢（B）而不是（A），是因为如果它起作用的话，它会更简洁

两者都同意结果。

了解属性路径的工作原理非常重要。路径用于到达值。当使用
sh:path[sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:path]
并考虑节点
hr:Longer
，它将达到三个值--（0）
hr:Longer
，（1）
hr:Employee
，和（2）
rdfs:Class

牢记这一概念，可以充分解释（B）中的情况以及它不起作用的原因

（A）和（B）具有相同的目标定义，并将返回相同的焦点节点。这些是：

hr:Another 
hr:Employee
hr:Longer   
hr:freestanding
hr:missing
hr:name      
hr:nosuper
hr:randomtype
hr:typo
此外，（A）和（B）的共同点是
sh:path[sh:zerormorepath-rdf:type]。例如，当考虑节点
hr:Longer
时，它将发出三个值，每个值可能需要检查。这三个值是（0）
hr:Longer
，（1）
hr:Employee
，以及（2）
rdfs:Class

对于（B），当它考虑
hr:Longer
并将发出的值
hr:Longer
传递给
sh:或
，它看到它既不是
rdfs:Class
也不是
rdf:Property
。由于未满足
sh:或
的任何一个子句，因此发出验证错误

为了使（B）有效，需要将
sh:or
中的两个子句更改为
[sh:path[sh:zerormorepath-rdf:type]；sh:hasValue-rdfs:Class；]
和
[sh:path[sh:zerormorepath-rdf:type]；sh:hasValue-rdf:Property；]
。在这种情况下，当
hr:Longer
被传递到
sh:or
中时，每个子句检查整个路径，并且
sh:hasValue
只要求路径发出的三个值中的一个匹配

（B） -工作


@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix rdf:  <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix sch:  <http://schema.org/> .
@prefix sh:   <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#> .
@prefix ex:  <http://example.org/> .

ex:ClassOrProperty
    a sh:NodeShape ;
    sh:target [
        a sh:SPARQLTarget ;
        sh:select   """
                    SELECT ?this
                    WHERE {
                        ?this ?p ?o .
                    }
                    """ ;
    ] ;

    sh:property [
        sh:path     [sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type] ;
        sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ;
        sh:or (
            [ sh:path [sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type] ; sh:hasValue rdfs:Class;   ]
            [ sh:path [sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type] ; sh:hasValue rdf:Property; ]
        )
    ];
.



@前缀rdfs:。
@前缀rdf:。
@前缀sch:。
@前缀sh:。
@前缀ex:。
例：类别或属性
阿什：NodeShape；
sh：目标[
sh:SPARQLTarget；
sh：选择“”
选择这个
在哪里{
这是邮政局。
}
""" ;
] ;
sh：物业[
sh:path[sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type]；
sh:nodeKind sh:IRI；
sh：或者(
[sh:path[sh:zeroOrMorePath-rdf:type]；sh:hasValue-rdfs:Class；]
[sh:path[sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type]；sh:hasValue rdf:Property；]
)
];
.


现在考虑（A），每个焦点节点被传递到
ex:PropertyShape
和
ex:ClassShape
。如果它针对其中一个形状进行验证，它将进行验证。这两种形状的相似之处在于它们都使用path
sh:path[sh:zeroOrMorePath-rdf:type]。因为它们使用的是
sh:hasValue
，所以只需匹配路径的一个发出值。再次考虑
hr:Longer
，因为路径将发出值
rdfs:Class
，它将根据
ex:ClassShape
进行验证，并且不会生成验证错误


Validation Report
Conforms: False
Results (12):
Constraint Violation in OrConstraintComponent (http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#OrConstraintComponent):
    Severity: sh:Violation
    Source Shape: [ sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ; sh:or ( [ sh:hasValue rdfs:Class ] [ sh:hasValue rdf:Property ] ) ; sh:path [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ] ]
    Focus Node: hr:freestanding
    Value Node: hr:freestanding
    Result Path: [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ]
Constraint Violation in OrConstraintComponent (http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#OrConstraintComponent):
    Severity: sh:Violation
    Source Shape: [ sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ; sh:or ( [ sh:hasValue rdfs:Class ] [ sh:hasValue rdf:Property ] ) ; sh:path [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ] ]
    Focus Node: hr:name
    Value Node: hr:name
    Result Path: [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ]
Constraint Violation in OrConstraintComponent (http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#OrConstraintComponent):
    Severity: sh:Violation
    Source Shape: [ sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ; sh:or ( [ sh:hasValue rdfs:Class ] [ sh:hasValue rdf:Property ] ) ; sh:path [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ] ]
    Focus Node: hr:Another
    Value Node: hr:Another
    Result Path: [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ]
Constraint Violation in OrConstraintComponent (http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#OrConstraintComponent):
    Severity: sh:Violation
    Source Shape: [ sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ; sh:or ( [ sh:hasValue rdfs:Class ] [ sh:hasValue rdf:Property ] ) ; sh:path [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ] ]
    Focus Node: hr:nosuper
    Value Node: hr:nosuper
    Result Path: [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ]
Constraint Violation in OrConstraintComponent (http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#OrConstraintComponent):
    Severity: sh:Violation
    Source Shape: [ sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ; sh:or ( [ sh:hasValue rdfs:Class ] [ sh:hasValue rdf:Property ] ) ; sh:path [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ] ]
    Focus Node: hr:Employee
    Value Node: hr:Employee
    Result Path: [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ]
Constraint Violation in OrConstraintComponent (http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#OrConstraintComponent):
    Severity: sh:Violation
    Source Shape: [ sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ; sh:or ( [ sh:hasValue rdfs:Class ] [ sh:hasValue rdf:Property ] ) ; sh:path [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ] ]
    Focus Node: hr:randomtype
    Value Node: hr:randomtype
    Result Path: [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ]
Constraint Violation in OrConstraintComponent (http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#OrConstraintComponent):
    Severity: sh:Violation
    Source Shape: [ sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ; sh:or ( [ sh:hasValue rdfs:Class ] [ sh:hasValue rdf:Property ] ) ; sh:path [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ] ]
    Focus Node: hr:randomtype
    Value Node: hr:invalidtype
    Result Path: [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ]
Constraint Violation in OrConstraintComponent (http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#OrConstraintComponent):
    Severity: sh:Violation
    Source Shape: [ sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ; sh:or ( [ sh:hasValue rdfs:Class ] [ sh:hasValue rdf:Property ] ) ; sh:path [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ] ]
    Focus Node: hr:typo
    Value Node: hr:typo
    Result Path: [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ]
Constraint Violation in OrConstraintComponent (http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#OrConstraintComponent):
    Severity: sh:Violation
    Source Shape: [ sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ; sh:or ( [ sh:hasValue rdfs:Class ] [ sh:hasValue rdf:Property ] ) ; sh:path [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ] ]
    Focus Node: hr:typo
    Value Node: rdfs:Classs
    Result Path: [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ]
Constraint Violation in OrConstraintComponent (http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#OrConstraintComponent):
    Severity: sh:Violation
    Source Shape: [ sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ; sh:or ( [ sh:hasValue rdfs:Class ] [ sh:hasValue rdf:Property ] ) ; sh:path [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ] ]
    Focus Node: hr:missing
    Value Node: hr:missing
    Result Path: [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ]
Constraint Violation in OrConstraintComponent (http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#OrConstraintComponent):
    Severity: sh:Violation
    Source Shape: [ sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ; sh:or ( [ sh:hasValue rdfs:Class ] [ sh:hasValue rdf:Property ] ) ; sh:path [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ] ]
    Focus Node: hr:Longer
    Value Node: hr:Employee
    Result Path: [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ]
Constraint Violation in OrConstraintComponent (http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#OrConstraintComponent):
    Severity: sh:Violation
    Source Shape: [ sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ; sh:or ( [ sh:hasValue rdfs:Class ] [ sh:hasValue rdf:Property ] ) ; sh:path [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ] ]
    Focus Node: hr:Longer
    Value Node: hr:Longer
    Result Path: [ sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type ]



hr:Another 
hr:Employee
hr:Longer   
hr:freestanding
hr:missing
hr:name      
hr:nosuper
hr:randomtype
hr:typo      



@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix rdf:  <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix sch:  <http://schema.org/> .
@prefix sh:   <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#> .
@prefix ex:  <http://example.org/> .

ex:ClassOrProperty
    a sh:NodeShape ;
    sh:target [
        a sh:SPARQLTarget ;
        sh:select   """
                    SELECT ?this
                    WHERE {
                        ?this ?p ?o .
                    }
                    """ ;
    ] ;

    sh:property [
        sh:path     [sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type] ;
        sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ;
        sh:or (
            [ sh:path [sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type] ; sh:hasValue rdfs:Class;   ]
            [ sh:path [sh:zeroOrMorePath rdf:type] ; sh:hasValue rdf:Property; ]
        )
    ];
.