Spring 未定义[javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory]类型的唯一bean：应为单个bean，但找到0

我的spring security/hibernate应用程序有一个问题，我无法解决，因为我对spring和hibernate都是新手。 我的问题是：

    org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'userAccountService': Injection of persistence dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No unique bean of type [javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory] is defined: expected single bean but found 0: 
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:343)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1120)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:522)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:461)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:295)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:223)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:292)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:194)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:607)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:932)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:479)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:647)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:598)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:661)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:517)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initServletBean(FrameworkServlet.java:458)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.HttpServletBean.init(HttpServletBean.java:138)
    at javax.servlet.GenericServlet.init(GenericServlet.java:241)
    at org.mortbay.jetty.servlet.ServletHolder.initServlet(ServletHolder.java:440)
    at org.mortbay.jetty.servlet.ServletHolder.doStart(ServletHolder.java:263)
    at org.mortbay.component.AbstractLifeCycle.start(AbstractLifeCycle.java:50)
    at org.mortbay.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler.initialize(ServletHandler.java:736)
    at org.mortbay.jetty.servlet.Context.startContext(Context.java:140)
    at org.mortbay.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext.startContext(WebAppContext.java:1282)
    at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.ContextHandler.doStart(ContextHandler.java:518)
    at org.mortbay.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext.doStart(WebAppContext.java:499)
    at org.mortbay.component.AbstractLifeCycle.start(AbstractLifeCycle.java:50)
    at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.HandlerWrapper.doStart(HandlerWrapper.java:130)
    at org.mortbay.jetty.Server.doStart(Server.java:224)
    at org.mortbay.component.AbstractLifeCycle.start(AbstractLifeCycle.java:50)
    at runjettyrun.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:97)
2013-04-15 14:39:30.076:INFO::Started SelectChannelConnector@0.0.0.0:8080

我想不出有什么问题。我在谷歌上搜索过它，并尝试了一些可能对其他人有所帮助的解决方案，但我的错误不断出现。由于我是spring新手，可能是我在代码中犯了一些简单的错误。：）

web.xml

<web-app id="WebApp_ID" version="2.4"
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee 
    http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
<context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext-security.xml</param-value>
    <param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>
  <listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <!-- Spring Security -->
  <filter>
      <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
      <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>
  </filter> 
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>jsp/index.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>

</web-app>

---

有人能帮我解决这个错误吗？

这里的文件名似乎不匹配：

<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext-security.xml</param-value>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value>

请注意

param value

标记中两个值之间的空格

---

Spring已启动并定位您的服务类（通过

）这一事实表明它使用的是第一个xml文件，而不是第二个xml文件这里的文件名似乎不匹配：

<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext-security.xml</param-value>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value>

请注意

param value

标记中两个值之间的空格

---

Spring已启动并定位了您的服务类（通过

）这一事实表明，它使用的是第一个xml文件，而不是第二个xml文件，修复参数值实际上有帮助。谢谢。修复参数值实际上很有帮助。非常感谢。

package fishpoop.services;

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.PersistenceContext;
import javax.persistence.Query;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import fishpoop.model.UserAccount;

@Service("userAccountService")
@Transactional
public class UserAccountService {

    private EntityManager entityManager;

    @PersistenceContext
    public void setEntityManager(EntityManager entityManager){ 
            this. entityManager = entityManager; 
        }
    public UserAccount get(Integer id)
    {
        Query query = entityManager.createQuery("FROM user_account as ua WHERE ua.id="+id);
        return (UserAccount) query.getSingleResult();
    }

    public UserAccount get(String username)
    {
        Query query = entityManager.createQuery("FROM user_account as ua WHERE ua.username='"+username+"'");
        return (UserAccount) query.getSingleResult();
    }

    public void add(UserAccount userAccount)
    {
        entityManager.persist(userAccount);
    }
}

<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext-security.xml</param-value>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value>

 <context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/hibernateContext.xml /WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml
</param-value>