Sql 查找记录中的差距
我有一个Oracle表，表中有标签号、时间戳和方向，可以是输入也可以是输出。 有时候，读者会失败，会有差距 对于相同的标语牌编号，我应该：Sql 查找记录中的差距,sql,oracle,Sql,Oracle,我有一个Oracle表，表中有标签号、时间戳和方向，可以是输入也可以是输出。 有时候，读者会失败，会有差距 对于相同的标语牌编号，我应该： Placard Timestamp Direction 2533 15:36 IN 2533 15:41 OUT 但有时，我会： Placard Timestamp Direction 2533 15:36 IN 2533 15:41
Placard Timestamp Direction
2533 15:36 IN
2533 15:41 OUT
Placard Timestamp Direction
2533 15:36 IN
2533 15:41 IN
2533 15:49 OUT
Placard Timestamp Direction
2533 15:36 IN
2533 15:41 OUT
2533 15:52 OUT
Placard Timestamp Direction Status
2533 15:36 IN OK
2533 15:41 OUT OK
2533 15:51 IN Error IN
2533 15:52 OUT OK
2533 15:36 IN OK
2533 15:37 OUT Error OUT
我不能提供任何SQL，因为我不知道怎么做。非常感谢您的帮助。您需要使用分析函数，但也需要联合来创建新行。请看一下，我试图将所有可能性都放在测试数据中：
with t(Placard ,ts ,Direction ,Status) as (
select 2533 , to_timestamp('15:36','hh24:mi') , 'IN' , 'OK' from dual union all
select 2533 , to_timestamp('15:41','hh24:mi') , 'IN' , 'OK' from dual union all
select 2533 , to_timestamp('15:49','hh24:mi') , 'OUT' , 'OK' from dual UNION ALL
select 2533 , to_timestamp('15:55','hh24:mi') , 'OUT' , 'OK' from dual UNION ALL
select 2533 , to_timestamp('16:00','hh24:mi') , 'IN' , 'OK' from dual)
--test data
(SELECT PLACARD,TO_CHAR(CASE WHEN (DIRECTION = 'IN') THEN TS+INTERVAL '1' MINUTE ELSE TS_NEXT-INTERVAL '1' minute end,'HH24:MI') TS,
CASE WHEN DIRECTION = 'IN' THEN 'OUT' ELSE 'IN' END DIRECTION,
'ERROR '||CASE WHEN DIRECTION = 'IN' THEN 'OUT' ELSE 'IN' END STATUS
FROM
(select t1.*,lead(TS) over(order by TS) TS_NEXT,
case when (lead(t1.direction) over(order by TS) = direction) or
(direction = 'IN' AND lead(t1.direction) over(order by TS) IS NULL) then 'Y' else 'N' end WRONG from t t1)
WHERE WRONG = 'Y')
UNION ALL SELECT PLACARD,TO_CHAR(TS,'HH24:MI'),DIRECTION,STATUS FROM T
ORDER BY TS;
PLACARD TS DIRECTION STATUS
---------- ----- --------- ---------
2533 15:36 IN OK
2533 15:37 OUT ERROR OUT
2533 15:41 IN OK
2533 15:49 OUT OK
2533 15:54 IN ERROR IN
2533 15:55 OUT OK
2533 16:00 IN OK
2533 16:01 OUT ERROR OUT
8 rows selected.
您需要使用分析函数，但也需要union来创建新行。请看一下，我试图将所有可能性都放在测试数据中：
with t(Placard ,ts ,Direction ,Status) as (
select 2533 , to_timestamp('15:36','hh24:mi') , 'IN' , 'OK' from dual union all
select 2533 , to_timestamp('15:41','hh24:mi') , 'IN' , 'OK' from dual union all
select 2533 , to_timestamp('15:49','hh24:mi') , 'OUT' , 'OK' from dual UNION ALL
select 2533 , to_timestamp('15:55','hh24:mi') , 'OUT' , 'OK' from dual UNION ALL
select 2533 , to_timestamp('16:00','hh24:mi') , 'IN' , 'OK' from dual)
--test data
(SELECT PLACARD,TO_CHAR(CASE WHEN (DIRECTION = 'IN') THEN TS+INTERVAL '1' MINUTE ELSE TS_NEXT-INTERVAL '1' minute end,'HH24:MI') TS,
CASE WHEN DIRECTION = 'IN' THEN 'OUT' ELSE 'IN' END DIRECTION,
'ERROR '||CASE WHEN DIRECTION = 'IN' THEN 'OUT' ELSE 'IN' END STATUS
FROM
(select t1.*,lead(TS) over(order by TS) TS_NEXT,
case when (lead(t1.direction) over(order by TS) = direction) or
(direction = 'IN' AND lead(t1.direction) over(order by TS) IS NULL) then 'Y' else 'N' end WRONG from t t1)
WHERE WRONG = 'Y')
UNION ALL SELECT PLACARD,TO_CHAR(TS,'HH24:MI'),DIRECTION,STATUS FROM T
ORDER BY TS;
PLACARD TS DIRECTION STATUS
---------- ----- --------- ---------
2533 15:36 IN OK
2533 15:37 OUT ERROR OUT
2533 15:41 IN OK
2533 15:49 OUT OK
2533 15:54 IN ERROR IN
2533 15:55 OUT OK
2533 16:00 IN OK
2533 16:01 OUT ERROR OUT
8 rows selected.
您需要识别输入/输出值对，其中一些可能缺失。在结果集中创建一个额外的行并不简单（如Aramillo所示，至少不需要敲表两次）；您可以使用lead和lag来发现行不存在，但创建行则是另一回事 一种方法是使用lead和lag将数据压缩到in/out对中，这将为缺少的值留下空白，填补空白，然后再次扩展。使用稍微修改的起始数据：
select placard, timestamp, direction
from t42 order by placard, timestamp;
PLACARD TIMESTAMP DIRECTION
---------- --------- ---------
2533 15:36 IN
2533 15:41 OUT
2533 15:52 OUT
2533 15:56 IN
2533 16:02 IN
2533 16:07 OUT
2533 16:10 IN
select placard, timestamp, direction,
lag(direction) over (partition by placard order by timestamp) as last_dir,
lead(direction) over (partition by placard order by timestamp) as next_dir,
lag(timestamp) over (partition by placard order by timestamp) as last_ts,
lead(timestamp) over (partition by placard order by timestamp) as next_ts
from t42;
PLACARD TIMESTAMP DIRECTION LAST_DIR NEXT_DIR LAST_TS NEXT_TS
---------- --------- --------- -------- -------- ------- -------
2533 15:36 IN OUT 15:41
2533 15:41 OUT IN OUT 15:36 15:52
2533 15:52 OUT OUT IN 15:41 15:56
2533 15:56 IN OUT IN 15:52 16:02
2533 16:02 IN IN OUT 15:56 16:07
2533 16:07 OUT IN IN 16:02 16:10
2533 16:10 IN OUT 16:07
with t as (
...
)
select placard, timestamp, direction,
case when direction = 'IN' then timestamp
when last_dir is null or last_dir = 'OUT'
then timestamp - interval '1' minute
else last_ts end as in_ts,
case when direction = 'OUT' then timestamp
when next_dir is null or next_dir = 'IN'
then timestamp + interval '1' minute
else next_ts end as out_ts,
case when direction = 'OUT' and (last_dir is null or last_dir = 'OUT')
then 'Error IN' else 'OK' end as in_error,
case when direction = 'IN' and (next_dir is null or next_dir = 'IN')
then 'Error OUT' else 'OK' end as out_error
from t
order by placard, timestamp;
PLACARD TIMESTAMP DIRECTION IN_TS OUT_TS IN_ERROR OUT_ERROR
---------- --------- --------- ----- ------ -------- ---------
2533 15:36 IN 15:36 15:41 OK OK
2533 15:41 OUT 15:36 15:41 OK OK
2533 15:52 OUT 15:51 15:52 Error IN OK
2533 15:56 IN 15:56 15:57 OK Error OUT
2533 16:02 IN 16:02 16:07 OK OK
2533 16:07 OUT 16:02 16:07 OK OK
2533 16:10 IN 16:10 16:11 OK Error OUT
with t as (
...
)
select distinct placard,
case when direction = 'IN' then timestamp
when last_dir is null or last_dir = 'OUT'
then timestamp - interval '1' minute
else last_ts end as in_ts,
case when direction = 'OUT' then timestamp
when next_dir is null or next_dir = 'IN'
then timestamp + interval '1' minute
else next_ts end as out_ts,
case when direction = 'OUT' and (last_dir is null or last_dir = 'OUT')
then 'Error IN' else 'OK' end as in_error,
case when direction = 'IN' and (next_dir is null or next_dir = 'IN')
then 'Error OUT' else 'OK' end as out_error
from t
order by placard, in_ts;
PLACARD IN_TS OUT_TS IN_ERROR OUT_ERROR
---------- ----- ------ -------- ---------
2533 15:36 15:41 OK OK
2533 15:51 15:52 Error IN OK
2533 15:56 15:57 OK Error OUT
2533 16:02 16:07 OK OK
2533 16:10 16:11 OK Error OUT
with t as (
...
)
select * from (
select distinct placard,
case when direction = 'IN' then timestamp
when last_dir is null or last_dir = 'OUT'
then timestamp - interval '1' minute
else last_ts end as in_ts,
case when direction = 'OUT' then timestamp
when next_dir is null or next_dir = 'IN'
then timestamp + interval '1' minute
else next_ts end as out_ts,
case when direction = 'OUT' and (last_dir is null or last_dir = 'OUT')
then 'Error IN' else 'OK' end as in_error,
case when direction = 'IN' and (next_dir is null or next_dir = 'IN')
then 'Error OUT' else 'OK' end as out_error
from t
)
unpivot ((timestamp, error) for direction in
((in_ts, in_error) as 'IN', (out_ts, out_error) as 'OUT'))
order by placard, timestamp;
PLACARD DIRECTION TIMESTAMP ERROR
---------- --------- --------- ---------
2533 IN 15:36 OK
2533 OUT 15:41 OK
2533 IN 15:51 Error IN
2533 OUT 15:52 OK
2533 IN 15:56 OK
2533 OUT 15:57 Error OUT
2533 IN 16:02 OK
2533 OUT 16:07 OK
2533 IN 16:10 OK
2533 OUT 16:11 Error OUT
，包括第二个标牌。您需要识别输入/输出值对，其中一些可能缺失。在结果集中创建一个额外的行并不简单（如Aramillo所示，至少不需要敲表两次）；您可以使用lead和lag来发现行不存在，但创建行则是另一回事 一种方法是使用lead和lag将数据压缩到in/out对中，这将为缺少的值留下空白，填补空白，然后再次扩展。使用稍微修改的起始数据：
select placard, timestamp, direction
from t42 order by placard, timestamp;
PLACARD TIMESTAMP DIRECTION
---------- --------- ---------
2533 15:36 IN
2533 15:41 OUT
2533 15:52 OUT
2533 15:56 IN
2533 16:02 IN
2533 16:07 OUT
2533 16:10 IN
select placard, timestamp, direction,
lag(direction) over (partition by placard order by timestamp) as last_dir,
lead(direction) over (partition by placard order by timestamp) as next_dir,
lag(timestamp) over (partition by placard order by timestamp) as last_ts,
lead(timestamp) over (partition by placard order by timestamp) as next_ts
from t42;
PLACARD TIMESTAMP DIRECTION LAST_DIR NEXT_DIR LAST_TS NEXT_TS
---------- --------- --------- -------- -------- ------- -------
2533 15:36 IN OUT 15:41
2533 15:41 OUT IN OUT 15:36 15:52
2533 15:52 OUT OUT IN 15:41 15:56
2533 15:56 IN OUT IN 15:52 16:02
2533 16:02 IN IN OUT 15:56 16:07
2533 16:07 OUT IN IN 16:02 16:10
2533 16:10 IN OUT 16:07
with t as (
...
)
select placard, timestamp, direction,
case when direction = 'IN' then timestamp
when last_dir is null or last_dir = 'OUT'
then timestamp - interval '1' minute
else last_ts end as in_ts,
case when direction = 'OUT' then timestamp
when next_dir is null or next_dir = 'IN'
then timestamp + interval '1' minute
else next_ts end as out_ts,
case when direction = 'OUT' and (last_dir is null or last_dir = 'OUT')
then 'Error IN' else 'OK' end as in_error,
case when direction = 'IN' and (next_dir is null or next_dir = 'IN')
then 'Error OUT' else 'OK' end as out_error
from t
order by placard, timestamp;
PLACARD TIMESTAMP DIRECTION IN_TS OUT_TS IN_ERROR OUT_ERROR
---------- --------- --------- ----- ------ -------- ---------
2533 15:36 IN 15:36 15:41 OK OK
2533 15:41 OUT 15:36 15:41 OK OK
2533 15:52 OUT 15:51 15:52 Error IN OK
2533 15:56 IN 15:56 15:57 OK Error OUT
2533 16:02 IN 16:02 16:07 OK OK
2533 16:07 OUT 16:02 16:07 OK OK
2533 16:10 IN 16:10 16:11 OK Error OUT
with t as (
...
)
select distinct placard,
case when direction = 'IN' then timestamp
when last_dir is null or last_dir = 'OUT'
then timestamp - interval '1' minute
else last_ts end as in_ts,
case when direction = 'OUT' then timestamp
when next_dir is null or next_dir = 'IN'
then timestamp + interval '1' minute
else next_ts end as out_ts,
case when direction = 'OUT' and (last_dir is null or last_dir = 'OUT')
then 'Error IN' else 'OK' end as in_error,
case when direction = 'IN' and (next_dir is null or next_dir = 'IN')
then 'Error OUT' else 'OK' end as out_error
from t
order by placard, in_ts;
PLACARD IN_TS OUT_TS IN_ERROR OUT_ERROR
---------- ----- ------ -------- ---------
2533 15:36 15:41 OK OK
2533 15:51 15:52 Error IN OK
2533 15:56 15:57 OK Error OUT
2533 16:02 16:07 OK OK
2533 16:10 16:11 OK Error OUT
with t as (
...
)
select * from (
select distinct placard,
case when direction = 'IN' then timestamp
when last_dir is null or last_dir = 'OUT'
then timestamp - interval '1' minute
else last_ts end as in_ts,
case when direction = 'OUT' then timestamp
when next_dir is null or next_dir = 'IN'
then timestamp + interval '1' minute
else next_ts end as out_ts,
case when direction = 'OUT' and (last_dir is null or last_dir = 'OUT')
then 'Error IN' else 'OK' end as in_error,
case when direction = 'IN' and (next_dir is null or next_dir = 'IN')
then 'Error OUT' else 'OK' end as out_error
from t
)
unpivot ((timestamp, error) for direction in
((in_ts, in_error) as 'IN', (out_ts, out_error) as 'OUT'))
order by placard, timestamp;
PLACARD DIRECTION TIMESTAMP ERROR
---------- --------- --------- ---------
2533 IN 15:36 OK
2533 OUT 15:41 OK
2533 IN 15:51 Error IN
2533 OUT 15:52 OK
2533 IN 15:56 OK
2533 OUT 15:57 Error OUT
2533 IN 16:02 OK
2533 OUT 16:07 OK
2533 IN 16:10 OK
2533 OUT 16:11 Error OUT
，包括第二张海报。使用分析函数
LAGLAG