SQL Server获取约束列信息
我想为SQL Server编写一个DB查询，以获取以下列信息： 我有它的列名 列描述我有它 数据类型我有它 约束为主键、外键、为空、检查约束、默认约束、唯一 我有吗 我当前的查询是，我希望在单独的列中包含检查约束和默认约束：SQL Server获取约束列信息,sql,sql-server,database,Sql,Sql Server,Database,我想为SQL Server编写一个DB查询，以获取以下列信息： 我有它的列名 列描述我有它 数据类型我有它 约束为主键、外键、为空、检查约束、默认约束、唯一 我有吗 我当前的查询是，我希望在单独的列中包含检查约束和默认约束： SELECT c.name AS 'name', t.name AS 'dataType', t.name + '(' + CAST(c.max_length AS varchar(50)) +')' AS 'fullType', ISNULL(
SELECT
c.name AS 'name', t.name AS 'dataType',
t.name + '(' + CAST(c.max_length AS varchar(50)) +')' AS 'fullType',
ISNULL(sep.value,'') [Description],
CASE
WHEN c.is_nullable = 1 THEN 'null' ELSE 'not null'
END AS 'Constraint',
CASE
WHEN fk.object_id IS NOT NULL THEN 'foreign key' ELSE NULL
END AS relation,
schema_name(pk_tab.schema_id) + '.' + pk_tab.name AS referenceTable,
ISNULL(i.is_primary_key, 0) AS 'isprimarykey',
i.name as 'index'
FROM
sys.tables tab
INNER JOIN
sys.columns c ON c.object_id = tab.object_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN
sys.index_columns ic ON ic.object_id = c.object_id AND ic.column_id = c.column_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN
sys.indexes i ON ic.object_id = i.object_id AND ic.index_id = i.index_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN
sys.foreign_key_columns fk_cols ON fk_cols.parent_object_id = tab.object_id
AND fk_cols.parent_column_id = c.column_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN
sys.foreign_keys fk ON fk.object_id = fk_cols.constraint_object_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN
sys.tables pk_tab ON pk_tab.object_id = fk_cols.referenced_object_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN
sys.columns pk_col ON pk_col.column_id = fk_cols.referenced_column_id
AND pk_col.object_id = fk_cols.referenced_object_id
LEFT JOIN
sys.extended_properties sep ON c.object_id = sep.major_id
AND c.column_id = sep.minor_id
AND sep.name = 'MS_Description'
JOIN
sys.types t ON c.user_type_id = t.user_type_id
WHERE
c.object_id = Object_id('sometableName')
为了克服这个问题，我们需要使用sys.check\u约束和sys.default\u约束。首先，我们需要创建一个内联表值函数，因为一列可以包含多个约束。以下查询将创建一个表值参数，并返回默认值和检查约束详细信息
CREATE FUNCTION ContraintView
( @ColId AS INT , @ColIndexId AS INT)
RETURNS TABLE
AS
RETURN
SELECT * FROM (
select schema_name(t.schema_id) + '.' + t.[name] AS ConstraintName,
'Check constraint' AS constraint_type,
con.[name] as constraint_name,
con.[definition] ,
col.object_id,
col.column_id
from sys.check_constraints con
left outer join sys.objects t
on con.parent_object_id = t.object_id
left outer join sys.all_columns col
on con.parent_column_id = col.column_id
and con.parent_object_id = col.object_id
union all
select schema_name(t.schema_id) + '.' + t.[name],
'Default constraint',
con.[name],
col.[name] + ' = ' + con.[definition] ,
col.object_id ,
col.column_id
from sys.default_constraints con
left outer join sys.objects t
on con.parent_object_id = t.object_id
left outer join sys.all_columns col
on con.parent_column_id = col.column_id
and con.parent_object_id = col.object_id
) AS TMP_TBL
WHERE TMP_TBL.object_id =@ColId AND TMP_TBL.column_id = @ColIndexId
SELECT * FROM (
SELECT
c.name AS 'name', t.name AS 'dataType',
t.name + '(' + CAST(c.max_length AS varchar(50)) +')' AS 'fullType',
ISNULL(sep.value,'') [Description],
CASE
WHEN c.is_nullable = 1 THEN 'null' ELSE 'not null'
END AS 'Constraint',
CASE
WHEN fk.object_id IS NOT NULL THEN 'foreign key' ELSE NULL
END AS relation,
schema_name(pk_tab.schema_id) + '.' + pk_tab.name AS referenceTable,
ISNULL(i.is_primary_key, 0) AS 'isprimarykey',
i.name as 'index',
c.object_id ,
c.column_id
FROM
sys.tables tab
INNER JOIN
sys.columns c ON c.object_id = tab.object_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN
sys.index_columns ic ON ic.object_id = c.object_id AND ic.column_id = c.column_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN
sys.indexes i ON ic.object_id = i.object_id AND ic.index_id = i.index_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN
sys.foreign_key_columns fk_cols ON fk_cols.parent_object_id = tab.object_id
AND fk_cols.parent_column_id = c.column_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN
sys.foreign_keys fk ON fk.object_id = fk_cols.constraint_object_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN
sys.tables pk_tab ON pk_tab.object_id = fk_cols.referenced_object_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN
sys.columns pk_col ON pk_col.column_id = fk_cols.referenced_column_id
AND pk_col.object_id = fk_cols.referenced_object_id
LEFT JOIN
sys.extended_properties sep ON c.object_id = sep.major_id
AND c.column_id = sep.minor_id
AND sep.name = 'MS_Description'
JOIN
sys.types t ON c.user_type_id = t.user_type_id
WHERE
c.object_id = Object_id('HumanResources.Employee')
) AS TMP_TBL OUTER APPLY dbo.ContraintView( TMP_TBL.object_id ,TMP_TBL.column_id)
+-------------------+------------------+----------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+-------------+----------------+--------------+------------------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+
| name | dataType | fullType | Description | Constraint | relation | referenceTable | isprimarykey | index | object_id | column_id | ConstraintName | constraint_type | constraint_name | definition | object_id | column_id |
+-------------------+------------------+----------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+-------------+----------------+--------------+------------------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+
| BusinessEntityID | int | int(4) | Primary key for Employee records. Foreign key to BusinessEntity.BusinessEntityID. | not null | foreign key | Person.Person | 1 | PK_Employee_BusinessEntityID | 981578535 | 1 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| NationalIDNumber | nvarchar | nvarchar(30) | Unique national identification number such as a social security number. | not null | NULL | NULL | 0 | AK_Employee_NationalIDNumber | 981578535 | 2 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| LoginID | nvarchar | nvarchar(512) | Network login. | not null | NULL | NULL | 0 | AK_Employee_LoginID | 981578535 | 3 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| OrganizationNode | hierarchyid | hierarchyid(892) | Where the employee is located in corporate hierarchy. | null | NULL | NULL | 0 | IX_Employee_OrganizationNode | 981578535 | 4 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| OrganizationNode | hierarchyid | hierarchyid(892) | Where the employee is located in corporate hierarchy. | null | NULL | NULL | 0 | IX_Employee_OrganizationLevel_OrganizationNode | 981578535 | 4 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| OrganizationLevel | smallint | smallint(2) | The depth of the employee in the corporate hierarchy. | null | NULL | NULL | 0 | IX_Employee_OrganizationLevel_OrganizationNode | 981578535 | 5 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| JobTitle | nvarchar | nvarchar(100) | Work title such as Buyer or Sales Representative. | not null | NULL | NULL | 0 | NULL | 981578535 | 6 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| BirthDate | date | date(3) | Date of birth. | not null | NULL | NULL | 0 | NULL | 981578535 | 7 | HumanResources.Employee | Check constraint | CK_Employee_BirthDate | ([BirthDate]>='1930-01-01' AND [BirthDate]<=dateadd(year,(-18),getdate())) | 981578535 | 7 |
| MaritalStatus | nchar | nchar(2) | M = Married, S = Single | not null | NULL | NULL | 0 | NULL | 981578535 | 8 | HumanResources.Employee | Check constraint | CK_Employee_MaritalStatus | (upper([MaritalStatus])='S' OR upper([MaritalStatus])='M') | 981578535 | 8 |
| Gender | nchar | nchar(2) | M = Male, F = Female | not null | NULL | NULL | 0 | NULL | 981578535 | 9 | HumanResources.Employee | Check constraint | CK_Employee_Gender | (upper([Gender])='F' OR upper([Gender])='M') | 981578535 | 9 |
| HireDate | date | date(3) | Employee hired on this date. | not null | NULL | NULL | 0 | NULL | 981578535 | 10 | HumanResources.Employee | Check constraint | CK_Employee_HireDate | ([HireDate]>='1996-07-01' AND [HireDate]<=dateadd(day,(1),getdate())) | 981578535 | 10 |
| SalariedFlag | Flag | Flag(1) | Job classification. 0 = Hourly, not exempt from collective bargaining. 1 = Salaried, exempt from collective bargaining. | not null | NULL | NULL | 0 | NULL | 981578535 | 11 | HumanResources.Employee | Default constraint | DF_Employee_SalariedFlag | SalariedFlag = ((1)) | 981578535 | 11 |
| VacationHours | smallint | smallint(2) | Number of available vacation hours. | not null | NULL | NULL | 0 | NULL | 981578535 | 12 | HumanResources.Employee | Check constraint | CK_Employee_VacationHours | ([VacationHours]>=(-40) AND [VacationHours]<=(240)) | 981578535 | 12 |
| VacationHours | smallint | smallint(2) | Number of available vacation hours. | not null | NULL | NULL | 0 | NULL | 981578535 | 12 | HumanResources.Employee | Default constraint | DF_Employee_VacationHours | VacationHours = ((0)) | 981578535 | 12 |
| SickLeaveHours | smallint | smallint(2) | Number of available sick leave hours. | not null | NULL | NULL | 0 | NULL | 981578535 | 13 | HumanResources.Employee | Check constraint | CK_Employee_SickLeaveHours | ([SickLeaveHours]>=(0) AND [SickLeaveHours]<=(120)) | 981578535 | 13 |
| SickLeaveHours | smallint | smallint(2) | Number of available sick leave hours. | not null | NULL | NULL | 0 | NULL | 981578535 | 13 | HumanResources.Employee | Default constraint | DF_Employee_SickLeaveHours | SickLeaveHours = ((0)) | 981578535 | 13 |
| CurrentFlag | Flag | Flag(1) | 0 = Inactive, 1 = Active | not null | NULL | NULL | 0 | NULL | 981578535 | 14 | HumanResources.Employee | Default constraint | DF_Employee_CurrentFlag | CurrentFlag = ((1)) | 981578535 | 14 |
| rowguid | uniqueidentifier | uniqueidentifier(16) | ROWGUIDCOL number uniquely identifying the record. Used to support a merge replication sample. | not null | NULL | NULL | 0 | AK_Employee_rowguid | 981578535 | 15 | HumanResources.Employee | Default constraint | DF_Employee_rowguid | rowguid = (newid()) | 981578535 | 15 |
| ModifiedDate | datetime | datetime(8) | Date and time the record was last updated. | not null | NULL | NULL | 0 | NULL | 981578535 | 16 | HumanResources.Employee | Default constraint | DF_Employee_ModifiedDate | ModifiedDate = (getdate()) | 981578535 | 16 |
| BusinessEntityID | int | int(4) | Clustered index created by a primary key constraint. | not null | foreign key | Person.Person | 1 | PK_Employee_BusinessEntityID | 981578535 | 1 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| NationalIDNumber | nvarchar | nvarchar(30) | Unique nonclustered index. | not null | NULL | NULL | 0 | AK_Employee_NationalIDNumber | 981578535 | 2 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| LoginID | nvarchar | nvarchar(512) | Unique nonclustered index. | not null | NULL | NULL | 0 | AK_Employee_LoginID | 981578535 | 3 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| OrganizationLevel | smallint | smallint(2) | Unique nonclustered index. | null | NULL | NULL | 0 | IX_Employee_OrganizationLevel_OrganizationNode | 981578535 | 5 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| JobTitle | nvarchar | nvarchar(100) | Unique nonclustered index. | not null | NULL | NULL | 0 | NULL | 981578535 | 6 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| BirthDate | date | date(3) | Unique nonclustered index. Used to support replication samples. | not null | NULL | NULL | 0 | NULL | 981578535 | 7 | HumanResources.Employee | Check constraint | CK_Employee_BirthDate | ([BirthDate]>='1930-01-01' AND [BirthDate]<=dateadd(year,(-18),getdate())) | 981578535 | 7 |
+-------------------+------------------+----------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------+-------------+----------------+--------------+------------------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+
还有其他解决办法吗。此查询似乎有点慢。数据库需要多长时间？SQL Server解析和编译时间：CPU时间=94毫秒，运行时间=99毫秒。16行影响SQL Server执行时间：CPU时间=0毫秒，运行时间=3毫秒。SQL Server解析和编译时间：CPU时间=0毫秒，经过的时间=0毫秒。这些值慢吗？是的，因为我需要用脚本运行100多次以上