STM32F4 HAL SPI作为从设备/与ESP连接的设备作为主设备

我尝试将Nucleo-STMF411RE作为SPI从/设备运行，并将ESP32作为主设备

单向数据传输运行平稳，但一旦设备将数据传输回主设备，设备就会损坏

我的SPI主控端如下所示：

void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:
    Serial.begin(9600);
  pinMode(SPI_MOSI, OUTPUT);  //MOSI 23
  pinMode(SPI_MISO, INPUT);   //MISO 19
  pinMode(SPI_SCK, OUTPUT);  //CLK 18
  pinMode(SPI_CS, OUTPUT);  //SS/CS 5

  digitalWrite(SPI_CS, HIGH); // disable Slave Select
  SPI.begin ();
  SPI.setBitOrder(MSBFIRST);
  SPI.setClockDivider(SPI_CLOCK_DIV64);
  SPI.setDataMode(SPI_MODE0);
}
void loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
  sendData(a, 0x01020304);
  a++;
  delay(3000);
}

void sendData(unsigned long address, unsigned long datagram)
{
uint8_t TxBuff[5] = {0,0,0,0,0};
uint8_t RxBuff[5] ={0,0,0,0,0};

 TxBuff[0] = address;
 TxBuff[1] = (datagram >> 24) & 0xff;
 TxBuff[2] = (datagram >> 16) & 0xff;
 TxBuff[3] = (datagram >> 8) & 0xff;
 TxBuff[4] = (datagram >> 0) & 0xff;

 Serial.print("Tx: 0x");
 Serial.print(TxBuff[0], HEX);
 Serial.print(" 0x");
 Serial.print(TxBuff[1], HEX);
 Serial.print(TxBuff[2], HEX);
 Serial.print(TxBuff[3], HEX);
 Serial.println(TxBuff[4], HEX);

 digitalWrite(SPI_CS,LOW);
 delayMicroseconds(10);
 SPI.transferBytes((uint8_t *)&TxBuff,(uint8_t *)&RxBuff, 5);
 delayMicroseconds(10);
 digitalWrite(SPI_CS,HIGH);


 Serial.print("Rx: 0x");
 Serial.print(RxBuff[0], HEX);
 Serial.print(" 0x");
 Serial.print(RxBuff[1], HEX);
 Serial.print(RxBuff[2], HEX);
 Serial.print(RxBuff[3], HEX);
 Serial.print(RxBuff[4], HEX);
 Serial.println("");
}

在STM方面，我使用的是HAL和MXCube生成的代码。我已经尝试过中断和阻塞方法，但两者都得到了同样不满意的结果

这是我的SPI2时钟和初始化代码：

void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

  /** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage
  */
  __HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();
  __HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);
  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSI;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = 16;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 336;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV4;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = 4;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

static void MX_SPI2_Init(void)
{

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SPI2_Init 0 */

  /* USER CODE END SPI2_Init 0 */

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SPI2_Init 1 */

  /* USER CODE END SPI2_Init 1 */
  /* SPI2 parameter configuration*/
  hspi2.Instance = SPI2;
  hspi2.Init.Mode = SPI_MODE_SLAVE;
  hspi2.Init.Direction = SPI_DIRECTION_2LINES;
  hspi2.Init.DataSize = SPI_DATASIZE_8BIT;
  hspi2.Init.CLKPolarity = SPI_POLARITY_LOW;
  hspi2.Init.CLKPhase = SPI_PHASE_1EDGE;
  hspi2.Init.NSS = SPI_NSS_SOFT;
  hspi2.Init.FirstBit = SPI_FIRSTBIT_MSB;
  hspi2.Init.TIMode = SPI_TIMODE_DISABLE;
  hspi2.Init.CRCCalculation = SPI_CRCCALCULATION_DISABLE;
  hspi2.Init.CRCPolynomial = 10;
  if (HAL_SPI_Init(&hspi2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /* USER CODE BEGIN SPI2_Init 2 */

  /* USER CODE END SPI2_Init 2 */

}

在我的while（1）中，我要求提供从机的select引脚，一旦引脚变低，从机就准备好接收/发送：

while (1) {
   
   slave_select = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_12);
   if (slave_select == 0) {
       status = HAL_SPI_Receive(&hspi2, (uint8_t *) aRxBuffer, 5, 5000);
   }

}

---

当我用

status=HAL_SPI_TransmitReceive（&hspi2，（uint8_t*）aTxBuffer，（uint8_t*）aRxBuffer，5,5000）替换HAL接收函数时事情变得不同步，甚至接收到的数据也不再正确。我真的不知道问题出在哪里，因为我已经尝试了多个电路板和平台。
经过几周的尝试和失败，我发现这一定是EMI问题。我知道SPI的连接不应该太长，在我的情况下，带状电缆的长度为15厘米。过了一段时间，我发现在带状电缆上使用SPI这样的协议时，信号线之间应该有公共GND，如下所示：

void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:
    Serial.begin(9600);
  pinMode(SPI_MOSI, OUTPUT);  //MOSI 23
  pinMode(SPI_MISO, INPUT);   //MISO 19
  pinMode(SPI_SCK, OUTPUT);  //CLK 18
  pinMode(SPI_CS, OUTPUT);  //SS/CS 5

  digitalWrite(SPI_CS, HIGH); // disable Slave Select
  SPI.begin ();
  SPI.setBitOrder(MSBFIRST);
  SPI.setClockDivider(SPI_CLOCK_DIV64);
  SPI.setDataMode(SPI_MODE0);
}
void loop() {
  // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
  sendData(a, 0x01020304);
  a++;
  delay(3000);
}

void sendData(unsigned long address, unsigned long datagram)
{
uint8_t TxBuff[5] = {0,0,0,0,0};
uint8_t RxBuff[5] ={0,0,0,0,0};

 TxBuff[0] = address;
 TxBuff[1] = (datagram >> 24) & 0xff;
 TxBuff[2] = (datagram >> 16) & 0xff;
 TxBuff[3] = (datagram >> 8) & 0xff;
 TxBuff[4] = (datagram >> 0) & 0xff;

 Serial.print("Tx: 0x");
 Serial.print(TxBuff[0], HEX);
 Serial.print(" 0x");
 Serial.print(TxBuff[1], HEX);
 Serial.print(TxBuff[2], HEX);
 Serial.print(TxBuff[3], HEX);
 Serial.println(TxBuff[4], HEX);

 digitalWrite(SPI_CS,LOW);
 delayMicroseconds(10);
 SPI.transferBytes((uint8_t *)&TxBuff,(uint8_t *)&RxBuff, 5);
 delayMicroseconds(10);
 digitalWrite(SPI_CS,HIGH);


 Serial.print("Rx: 0x");
 Serial.print(RxBuff[0], HEX);
 Serial.print(" 0x");
 Serial.print(RxBuff[1], HEX);
 Serial.print(RxBuff[2], HEX);
 Serial.print(RxBuff[3], HEX);
 Serial.print(RxBuff[4], HEX);
 Serial.println("");
}

GND-MOSI-GND-GND-MISO-GND-GND-SCK-GND-GND-CS-GND

或者，您可以分开电缆，使用更短的电缆

这为我解决了问题=）