Xml XPath：选择具有特定子元素而不是另一个特定子元素的元素

现在看来，总是用源标记Openstreetmap节点是一个坏习惯——只有当源是特定的并且与标记到变更集的源不同时，才应该指定源标记。当节点没有其他标记时，它尤其不受欢迎。并非总是这样——曾经有一段时间变更集标记不是一种标准做法。因此，在我大量编辑的一些地方，我有一些清理工作要做，我打算为自己构建一个工具

例如，让我们从以下示例数据集开始：

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<osm version='0.6' upload='true' generator='JOSM'>
<node id="3736237028" timestamp="2015-09-09T15:27:34Z" uid="160042" user="Jean-Marc Liotier" visible="true" version="1" changeset="33912319" lat="15.4771238" lon="-16.3349496">
  <tag k="source" v="Microsoft Bing orbital imagery" />
</node>
<node id="3736237028" timestamp="2015-09-09T15:27:34Z" uid="160042" user="Jean-Marc Liotier" visible="true" version="1" changeset="33912319" lat="15.4771238" lon="-16.3349496">
  <tag k="power" v="tower" />
</node>
<node id="3736237028" timestamp="2015-09-09T15:27:34Z" uid="160042" user="Jean-Marc Liotier" visible="true" version="1" changeset="33912319" lat="15.4771238" lon="-16.3349496">
  <tag k="source" v="Microsoft Bing orbital imagery" />
  <tag k="power" v="tower" />
</node>
</osm>

结果如预期：

Element='<node id="3736237027" timestamp="2015-09-09T15:27:34Z" uid="160042" user="Jean-Marc Liotier" visible="true" version="1" changeset="33912319" lat="15.4771207" lon="-16.3332326">
  <tag k="source" v="Microsoft Bing orbital imagery" />
</node>'
Element='<node id="3736237028" timestamp="2015-09-09T15:27:34Z" uid="160042" user="Jean-Marc Liotier" visible="true" version="1" changeset="33912319" lat="15.4771238" lon="-16.3349496">
  <tag k="source" v="Microsoft Bing orbital imagery" />
  <tag k="power" v="tower" />
</node>'

Element='<node id="3736237028" timestamp="2015-09-09T15:27:34Z" uid="160042" user="Jean-Marc Liotier" visible="true" version="1" changeset="33912319" lat="15.4771238" lon="-16.3349496">
  <tag k="power" v="tower" />
</node>'
Element='<node id="3736237028" timestamp="2015-09-09T15:27:34Z" uid="160042" user="Jean-Marc Liotier" visible="true" version="1" changeset="33912319" lat="15.4771238" lon="-16.3349496">
  <tag k="source" v="Microsoft Bing orbital imagery" />
  <tag k="power" v="tower" />
</node>'

Element='<node id="3736237028" timestamp="2015-09-09T15:27:34Z" uid="160042" user="Jean-Marc Liotier" visible="true" version="1" changeset="33912319" lat="15.4771238" lon="-16.3349496">
  <tag k="source" v="Microsoft Bing orbital imagery" />
  <tag k="power" v="tower" />
</node>'

Element='<node id="3736237027" timestamp="2015-09-09T15:27:34Z" uid="160042" user="Jean-Marc Liotier" visible="true" version="1" changeset="33912319" lat="15.4771207" lon="-16.3332326">
  <tag k="source" v="Microsoft Bing orbital imagery" />
</node>'
Element='<node id="3736237028" timestamp="2015-09-09T15:27:34Z" uid="160042" user="Jean-Marc Liotier" visible="true" version="1" changeset="33912319" lat="15.4771238" lon="-16.3349496">
  <tag k="source" v="Microsoft Bing orbital imagery" />
  <tag k="power" v="tower" />
</node>'

结果：这得到了与上面完全相同的结果。关于xpath中的运算符优先级，一定有一些我不理解的地方

只是为了核实一下，我试着

/osm/node/tag[not(@k = "source")]/.. 

结果如预期：

Element='<node id="3736237027" timestamp="2015-09-09T15:27:34Z" uid="160042" user="Jean-Marc Liotier" visible="true" version="1" changeset="33912319" lat="15.4771207" lon="-16.3332326">
  <tag k="source" v="Microsoft Bing orbital imagery" />
</node>'
Element='<node id="3736237028" timestamp="2015-09-09T15:27:34Z" uid="160042" user="Jean-Marc Liotier" visible="true" version="1" changeset="33912319" lat="15.4771238" lon="-16.3349496">
  <tag k="source" v="Microsoft Bing orbital imagery" />
  <tag k="power" v="tower" />
</node>'

Element='<node id="3736237028" timestamp="2015-09-09T15:27:34Z" uid="160042" user="Jean-Marc Liotier" visible="true" version="1" changeset="33912319" lat="15.4771238" lon="-16.3349496">
  <tag k="power" v="tower" />
</node>'
Element='<node id="3736237028" timestamp="2015-09-09T15:27:34Z" uid="160042" user="Jean-Marc Liotier" visible="true" version="1" changeset="33912319" lat="15.4771238" lon="-16.3349496">
  <tag k="source" v="Microsoft Bing orbital imagery" />
  <tag k="power" v="tower" />
</node>'

Element='<node id="3736237028" timestamp="2015-09-09T15:27:34Z" uid="160042" user="Jean-Marc Liotier" visible="true" version="1" changeset="33912319" lat="15.4771238" lon="-16.3349496">
  <tag k="source" v="Microsoft Bing orbital imagery" />
  <tag k="power" v="tower" />
</node>'

Element='<node id="3736237027" timestamp="2015-09-09T15:27:34Z" uid="160042" user="Jean-Marc Liotier" visible="true" version="1" changeset="33912319" lat="15.4771207" lon="-16.3332326">
  <tag k="source" v="Microsoft Bing orbital imagery" />
</node>'
Element='<node id="3736237028" timestamp="2015-09-09T15:27:34Z" uid="160042" user="Jean-Marc Liotier" visible="true" version="1" changeset="33912319" lat="15.4771238" lon="-16.3349496">
  <tag k="source" v="Microsoft Bing orbital imagery" />
  <tag k="power" v="tower" />
</node>'

结果如预期：

Element='<node id="3736237027" timestamp="2015-09-09T15:27:34Z" uid="160042" user="Jean-Marc Liotier" visible="true" version="1" changeset="33912319" lat="15.4771207" lon="-16.3332326">
  <tag k="source" v="Microsoft Bing orbital imagery" />
</node>'
Element='<node id="3736237028" timestamp="2015-09-09T15:27:34Z" uid="160042" user="Jean-Marc Liotier" visible="true" version="1" changeset="33912319" lat="15.4771238" lon="-16.3349496">
  <tag k="source" v="Microsoft Bing orbital imagery" />
  <tag k="power" v="tower" />
</node>'

Element='<node id="3736237028" timestamp="2015-09-09T15:27:34Z" uid="160042" user="Jean-Marc Liotier" visible="true" version="1" changeset="33912319" lat="15.4771238" lon="-16.3349496">
  <tag k="power" v="tower" />
</node>'
Element='<node id="3736237028" timestamp="2015-09-09T15:27:34Z" uid="160042" user="Jean-Marc Liotier" visible="true" version="1" changeset="33912319" lat="15.4771238" lon="-16.3349496">
  <tag k="source" v="Microsoft Bing orbital imagery" />
  <tag k="power" v="tower" />
</node>'

Element='<node id="3736237028" timestamp="2015-09-09T15:27:34Z" uid="160042" user="Jean-Marc Liotier" visible="true" version="1" changeset="33912319" lat="15.4771238" lon="-16.3349496">
  <tag k="source" v="Microsoft Bing orbital imagery" />
  <tag k="power" v="tower" />
</node>'

Element='<node id="3736237027" timestamp="2015-09-09T15:27:34Z" uid="160042" user="Jean-Marc Liotier" visible="true" version="1" changeset="33912319" lat="15.4771207" lon="-16.3332326">
  <tag k="source" v="Microsoft Bing orbital imagery" />
</node>'
Element='<node id="3736237028" timestamp="2015-09-09T15:27:34Z" uid="160042" user="Jean-Marc Liotier" visible="true" version="1" changeset="33912319" lat="15.4771238" lon="-16.3349496">
  <tag k="source" v="Microsoft Bing orbital imagery" />
  <tag k="power" v="tower" />
</node>'

结果不是我所期望的：

Element='<node id="3736237027" timestamp="2015-09-09T15:27:34Z" uid="160042" user="Jean-Marc Liotier" visible="true" version="1" changeset="33912319" lat="15.4771207" lon="-16.3332326">
  <tag k="source" v="Microsoft Bing orbital imagery" />
</node>'
Element='<node id="3736237028" timestamp="2015-09-09T15:27:34Z" uid="160042" user="Jean-Marc Liotier" visible="true" version="1" changeset="33912319" lat="15.4771238" lon="-16.3349496">
  <tag k="source" v="Microsoft Bing orbital imagery" />
  <tag k="power" v="tower" />
</node>'

Element='<node id="3736237028" timestamp="2015-09-09T15:27:34Z" uid="160042" user="Jean-Marc Liotier" visible="true" version="1" changeset="33912319" lat="15.4771238" lon="-16.3349496">
  <tag k="power" v="tower" />
</node>'
Element='<node id="3736237028" timestamp="2015-09-09T15:27:34Z" uid="160042" user="Jean-Marc Liotier" visible="true" version="1" changeset="33912319" lat="15.4771238" lon="-16.3349496">
  <tag k="source" v="Microsoft Bing orbital imagery" />
  <tag k="power" v="tower" />
</node>'

Element='<node id="3736237028" timestamp="2015-09-09T15:27:34Z" uid="160042" user="Jean-Marc Liotier" visible="true" version="1" changeset="33912319" lat="15.4771238" lon="-16.3349496">
  <tag k="source" v="Microsoft Bing orbital imagery" />
  <tag k="power" v="tower" />
</node>'

Element='<node id="3736237027" timestamp="2015-09-09T15:27:34Z" uid="160042" user="Jean-Marc Liotier" visible="true" version="1" changeset="33912319" lat="15.4771207" lon="-16.3332326">
  <tag k="source" v="Microsoft Bing orbital imagery" />
</node>'
Element='<node id="3736237028" timestamp="2015-09-09T15:27:34Z" uid="160042" user="Jean-Marc Liotier" visible="true" version="1" changeset="33912319" lat="15.4771238" lon="-16.3349496">
  <tag k="source" v="Microsoft Bing orbital imagery" />
  <tag k="power" v="tower" />
</node>'

Element=”
'
元素
'

我是不是误解了not（）的工作方式

顺便说一句，所有这些测试都是使用-我不知道它是否是测试XPath的正确工具

---

我正在尝试的多种组合条件是可以作为单个XPath表达式实现的，还是需要一个两步过程，首先选择具有我需要的标记属性的元素，然后排除我不需要的元素？

第一个XPath可以更简单地写为

/osm/node[tag/@v = "Microsoft Bing orbital imagery"]

然后，您可以添加第二个条件，即“除了源之外没有其他标记”：

---

问题不在于优先权，而在于范围。您想要否定的是

标记

，而不是它的属性。上一个XPath试图搜索一个标记，其同级标记或self

tag

的@k与“power”不同。

我认为，如果将这两个条件放在同一元素的括号内，它们将矛盾地应用于原始文档中该元素的同一实例。。。因此，在错误的假设下，我没有尝试这种方法。感谢您的尖锐回答-XPath的强大功能让我越来越兴奋，尤其是与我来自的粗糙的文本模式匹配相比。。。