Artificial intelligence PDDL-山羊、狼和卷心菜

我被要求为著名的《山羊、狼和卷心菜》写一个解决方案。情况如下：

农夫想把这三个人都运过河去。但是，如果：

• 山羊和卷心菜被单独留下，山羊会吃卷心菜
• 如果狼和山羊被单独留下，狼会吃掉山羊

因此，问题的一个解决方案如下：

• 把山羊带到河对岸，扔到河对岸
• 过河回来
• 拿起卷心菜或狼，把它带到另一边
• 放下狼，捡起山羊，回到另一边
• 放下山羊，捡起卷心菜，回到另一边
• 把山羊抱起来，瞧！这三个都是运输的

但是，我很难将其投影到PDDL中。我已经给出了问题的定义：

(define 
(problem boat1)
(:domain boat)
; only needs two objects, namely representing
; either banke side of the river, [w]est and [e]ast
(:objects  w e)
(:INIT 
    ; wolf, goat, cabbage, boat are all on 
    ; the west side to start with
    (config w w w w)

    ; represent all valid states
    ; these two are the special case,
    ; representing that wolf and cabbage are
    ; safe together even if the boat is away
    (valid w e w e)
    (valid e w e w)

    ; these are all cases where two entities
    ; are always safe as long as the boat is 
    ; with them. In other words, a single entity
    ; on the other side is also always safe
    ; for west side
    (valid w w w w)
    (valid w w e w)
    (valid w e w w)
    (valid e w w w)
    ; for east side
    (valid e e e e)
    (valid e e w e)
    (valid e w e e)
    (valid w e e e)
    ; these are all valid states that are
    ; ever allowed


)

(:goal (AND 
        ; they all have to move to the east side
        (config e e e e)
    )
)

最后，我们只得到了1个谓词，并且被告知这可以通过4个操作完成。搬空，搬山羊，搬狼，搬卷心菜

谓词是：

（配置？狼？山羊？卷心菜？船） （有效？狼？山羊？卷心菜？船）

我试着从以下几点开始移动：

    (:action move_empty
     :parameters (?from ?to)
     :precondition (and (valid ?x ?y ?z ?w) (on_left ?from) (on_right ?to))                      
     :effect (and (valid ?x ?y ?z ?w)))

---

我不希望得到答案，只希望得到关于如何解决这个问题的帮助和建议，因为我所能找到的关于PDDL的信息并不多。

注意：我不知道PDDL语言，这是我通过查看您的代码所获得的

---

主旨

在您的问题中，每个实体都被描述为位于河流的西岸或东岸，并且使用它们在谓词config和valid中的相对位置来标识实体

每个操作都从给定的配置开始，必须以另一个配置结束。此外，我们必须要求end配置有效

因此，将_empty从河岸的东侧移到西侧非常简单：

  (:action move_empty_ew :parameters (?x ?y ?z)
   :precondition (and (config ?x ?y ?z e) (valid ?x ?y ?z w))
   :effect (and (not (config ?x ?y ?z e)) (config ?x ?y ?z w))
  )

在这里，我们让所有其他实体（狼、山羊和卷心菜）的位置不确定，而我们要求最初船只在东岸，让船只前往西岸，同时让动物无人看管是有效的举措。如果所有这些条件都满足，那么我们将进入所需的配置

---

解决方案

请注意，我对操作的名称进行了细化，使它们的信息量更大。正在采取的实际行动

船域.pddl

(define (domain boat)
  (:requirements :equality)

  (:predicates
    (config ?wolf ?goat ?cabbage ?boat)
    (valid ?wolf ?goat ?cabbage ?boat)
  )

  (:action move_empty_ew :parameters (?x ?y ?z)
   :precondition (and (config ?x ?y ?z e) (valid ?x ?y ?z w))
   :effect (and (not (config ?x ?y ?z e)) (config ?x ?y ?z w))
  )
  (:action move_empty_we :parameters (?x ?y ?z)
   :precondition (and (config ?x ?y ?z w) (valid ?x ?y ?z e))
   :effect (and (not (config ?x ?y ?z w)) (config ?x ?y ?z e))
  )

  (:action move_wolf_ew :parameters (?y ?z)
   :precondition (and (config e ?y ?z e) (valid w ?y ?z w))
   :effect (and (not (config e ?y ?z e)) (config w ?y ?z w))
  )
  (:action move_wolf_we :parameters (?y ?z)
   :precondition (and (config w ?y ?z w) (valid e ?y ?z e))
   :effect (and (not (config w ?y ?z w)) (config e ?y ?z e))
  )

  (:action move_goat_ew :parameters (?x ?z)
   :precondition (and (config ?x e ?z e) (valid ?x w ?z w))
   :effect (and (not (config ?x e ?z e)) (config ?x w ?z w))
  )
  (:action move_goat_we :parameters (?x ?z)
   :precondition (and (config ?x w ?z w) (valid ?x e ?z e))
   :effect (and (not (config ?x w ?z w)) (config ?x e ?z e))
  )

  (:action move_cabbage_ew :parameters (?x ?y)
   :precondition (and (config ?x ?y e e) (valid ?x ?y w w))
   :effect (and (not (config ?x ?y e e)) (config ?x ?y w w))
  )
  (:action move_cabbage_we :parameters (?x ?y)
   :precondition (and (config ?x ?y w w) (valid ?x ?y e e))
   :effect (and (not (config ?x ?y w w)) (config ?x ?y e e))
  )
)

(define (problem boat)
  (:domain boat)
  (:objects w e)

  (:INIT (config w w w w)
    (valid w e w e) (valid e w e w)
    (valid w w w w) (valid w w e w)
    (valid w e w w) (valid e w w w)
    (valid e e e e) (valid e e w e)
    (valid e w e e) (valid w e e e)
  )

  (:goal (config e e e e))
)

船舶问题pddl

(define (domain boat)
  (:requirements :equality)

  (:predicates
    (config ?wolf ?goat ?cabbage ?boat)
    (valid ?wolf ?goat ?cabbage ?boat)
  )

  (:action move_empty_ew :parameters (?x ?y ?z)
   :precondition (and (config ?x ?y ?z e) (valid ?x ?y ?z w))
   :effect (and (not (config ?x ?y ?z e)) (config ?x ?y ?z w))
  )
  (:action move_empty_we :parameters (?x ?y ?z)
   :precondition (and (config ?x ?y ?z w) (valid ?x ?y ?z e))
   :effect (and (not (config ?x ?y ?z w)) (config ?x ?y ?z e))
  )

  (:action move_wolf_ew :parameters (?y ?z)
   :precondition (and (config e ?y ?z e) (valid w ?y ?z w))
   :effect (and (not (config e ?y ?z e)) (config w ?y ?z w))
  )
  (:action move_wolf_we :parameters (?y ?z)
   :precondition (and (config w ?y ?z w) (valid e ?y ?z e))
   :effect (and (not (config w ?y ?z w)) (config e ?y ?z e))
  )

  (:action move_goat_ew :parameters (?x ?z)
   :precondition (and (config ?x e ?z e) (valid ?x w ?z w))
   :effect (and (not (config ?x e ?z e)) (config ?x w ?z w))
  )
  (:action move_goat_we :parameters (?x ?z)
   :precondition (and (config ?x w ?z w) (valid ?x e ?z e))
   :effect (and (not (config ?x w ?z w)) (config ?x e ?z e))
  )

  (:action move_cabbage_ew :parameters (?x ?y)
   :precondition (and (config ?x ?y e e) (valid ?x ?y w w))
   :effect (and (not (config ?x ?y e e)) (config ?x ?y w w))
  )
  (:action move_cabbage_we :parameters (?x ?y)
   :precondition (and (config ?x ?y w w) (valid ?x ?y e e))
   :effect (and (not (config ?x ?y w w)) (config ?x ?y e e))
  )
)

(define (problem boat)
  (:domain boat)
  (:objects w e)

  (:INIT (config w w w w)
    (valid w e w e) (valid e w e w)
    (valid w w w w) (valid w w e w)
    (valid w e w w) (valid e w w w)
    (valid e e e e) (valid e e w e)
    (valid e w e e) (valid w e e e)
  )

  (:goal (config e e e e))
)

我使用了快速向下来找到最小长度的解决方案：

~$ fast-downward.py --alias seq-opt-bjolp boat-domain.pddl boat-prob.pddl

实际上是：

move_goat_we w w (1)
move_empty_ew w e w (1)
move_cabbage_we w e (1)
move_goat_ew w e (1)
move_wolf_we w e (1)
move_empty_ew e w e (1)
move_goat_we e e (1)
Plan length: 7 step(s).
Plan cost: 7

---

到底有没有什么办法？