awk能否基于单独的规范文件替换字段？

我有这样一个输入文件：

SomeSection.Foo
OtherSection.Foo
OtherSection.Goo

for (key in arr_obj) {                     ## Assign 'string\034string' to 'key' variable
    split( key, key_parts, SUBSEP )        ## Split 'key' with the content of SUBSEP variable.
    ...
}

…还有另一个文件描述哪些对象属于每个部分：

[SomeSection]
Blah
Foo
[OtherSection]
Foo
Goo

所需的输出将是：

SomeSection.2   // that's because Foo appears 2nd in SomeSection
OtherSection.1  // that's because Foo appears 1st in OtherSection
OtherSection.2  // that's because Goo appears 2nd in OtherSection

节和对象的编号和名称是可变的

在awk你怎么会做这样的事

提前感谢,， 阿德里安。

一种可能性：

script.awk的内容及注释：

## When 'FNR == NR', the first input file is in process.                                                                                                                                                                                     
## If line begins with '[', get the section string and reset the position                                                                                                                                                                           
## of its objects.                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
FNR == NR && $0 ~ /^\[/ {                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
        object = substr( $0, 2, length($0) - 2 )                                                                                                                                                                                             
        pos = 0
        next
}

## This section process the objects of each section. It saves them in
## an array. Variable 'pos' increments with each object processed.
FNR == NR {
        arr_obj[object, $0] = ++pos
        next
}

## This section process second file. It splits line in '.' to find second
## part in the array and prints all.
FNR < NR {
        ret = split( $0, obj, /\./ )
        if ( ret != 2 ) {
                next
        }
        printf "%s.%d\n", obj[1], arr_obj[ obj[1] SUBSEP obj[2] ]
}

结果:

SomeSection.2
OtherSection.1
OtherSection.2

编辑评论中的问题：

## When 'FNR == NR', the first input file is in process.                                                                                                                                                                                     
## If line begins with '[', get the section string and reset the position                                                                                                                                                                           
## of its objects.                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
FNR == NR && $0 ~ /^\[/ {                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
        object = substr( $0, 2, length($0) - 2 )                                                                                                                                                                                             
        pos = 0
        next
}

## This section process the objects of each section. It saves them in
## an array. Variable 'pos' increments with each object processed.
FNR == NR {
        arr_obj[object, $0] = ++pos
        next
}

## This section process second file. It splits line in '.' to find second
## part in the array and prints all.
FNR < NR {
        ret = split( $0, obj, /\./ )
        if ( ret != 2 ) {
                next
        }
        printf "%s.%d\n", obj[1], arr_obj[ obj[1] SUBSEP obj[2] ]
}

我不是专家，但我会尝试解释我是如何理解它的：

Subsp是一个字符，当您希望使用不同的值作为键时，它可以分隔数组中的索引。默认情况下为\034，尽管您可以像RS或FS一样修改它

在指令arr_obj[object，$0]=++pos中，逗号将所有值与subsp的值连接起来，因此在这种情况下会导致：

arr_obj[SomeSection\034Blah] = 1

在脚本末尾，我使用变量arr_obj[obj[1]subsp obj[2]访问索引，但其含义与前一节中的arr_obj[object，$0]相同

您还可以访问此索引的每个部分，并使用subsp变量将其拆分，如下所示：

SomeSection.Foo
OtherSection.Foo
OtherSection.Goo

for (key in arr_obj) {                     ## Assign 'string\034string' to 'key' variable
    split( key, key_parts, SUBSEP )        ## Split 'key' with the content of SUBSEP variable.
    ...
}

结果：

key_parts[1] -> SomeSection
key_parts[2] -> Blah

---

此awk生产线应完成以下工作：

 awk  'BEGIN{FS="[\\.\\]\\[]"}
        NR==FNR{ if(NF>1){ i=1; idx=$2; }else{ s[idx"."$1]=i; i++; } next; }
        { if($0 in s) print $1"."s[$0] } ' f2 input

请参阅下面的测试：

kent$  head input f2
==> input <==
SomeSection.Foo
OtherSection.Foo
OtherSection.Goo

==> f2 <==
[SomeSection]
Blah
Foo
[OtherSection]
Foo
Goo

kent$  awk  'BEGIN{FS="[\\.\\]\\[]"}
        NR==FNR{ if(NF>1){ i=1; idx=$2; }else{ s[idx"."$1]=i; i++; } next; }
        { if($0 in s) print $1"."s[$0] } ' f2 input
SomeSection.2
OtherSection.1
OtherSection.2

---

你能解释一下你脚本的最后一部分吗？我在处理数组时总是最困难的。@JaypalSingh:更新了答案来解释它。