在bash脚本中打印列中的文本

我一直在四处寻找，试图找到一个答案，甚至是一个与我类似的问题，但一直无法找到答案。也许这里有人可以帮忙

    myscript.sh              Execute without arguments to
                             get a menu of options
                             defining the environment.
                             myscript.sh [url] Add [url]
                             to specify desired server
                             environment with which to run
                             the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/
    myscript.sh [url]        Add [url] to specify desired
                             server environment with which
                             to run the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/

我正在尝试从bash命令打印帮助文本。我希望命令/选项在一列中，解释在第二列中，如果文本换行，则从正确的列号开始

    myscript.sh              Execute without arguments to
                             get a menu of options
                             defining the environment.
                             myscript.sh [url] Add [url]
                             to specify desired server
                             environment with which to run
                             the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/
    myscript.sh [url]        Add [url] to specify desired
                             server environment with which
                             to run the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/

我尝试了

printf

，但不太理解

列的命令

    myscript.sh              Execute without arguments to
                             get a menu of options
                             defining the environment.
                             myscript.sh [url] Add [url]
                             to specify desired server
                             environment with which to run
                             the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/
    myscript.sh [url]        Add [url] to specify desired
                             server environment with which
                             to run the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/

以下是我想要的：

myscript.sh         Execute without arguments to get a menu
                    of options defining the environment.
myscript.sh [url]   Add [url] to specify desired server
                    environment with which to run the script.
                    ex: http://the.server.domain.tld:port/

    myscript.sh              Execute without arguments to
                             get a menu of options
                             defining the environment.
                             myscript.sh [url] Add [url]
                             to specify desired server
                             environment with which to run
                             the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/
    myscript.sh [url]        Add [url] to specify desired
                             server environment with which
                             to run the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/

到目前为止，我的尝试如下：

col1="%-15s"
col2="%15s\n"
printf "$col1" "myscript.sh"
printf "$col2" "Execute without arguments to get a menu of options defining the environment."
printf "$col1" "myscript.sh [url]"
printf "$col2" "Add [url] to specify desired server environment with which to run the script."
printf "$col2" "ex: http://the.server.domain.tld:port/"

    myscript.sh              Execute without arguments to
                             get a menu of options
                             defining the environment.
                             myscript.sh [url] Add [url]
                             to specify desired server
                             environment with which to run
                             the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/
    myscript.sh [url]        Add [url] to specify desired
                             server environment with which
                             to run the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/

但它最终看起来像

myscript.sh         Execute without arguments to get a menu
of options defining the environment.
myscript.sh [url]   Add [url] to specify desired server 
environment with which to run the script.
ex: http://the.server.domain.tld:port/

    myscript.sh              Execute without arguments to
                             get a menu of options
                             defining the environment.
                             myscript.sh [url] Add [url]
                             to specify desired server
                             environment with which to run
                             the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/
    myscript.sh [url]        Add [url] to specify desired
                             server environment with which
                             to run the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/

打印1个格式化列和以下字符串时，不需要2种单独的格式，只需在单个格式字符串中提供这两种格式：

#!/bin/bash

cols="%-20s%s\n"
printf "$cols" "myscript.sh" "Execute without arguments to get a menu of options."
printf "$cols" "myscript.sh [url]" "Add [url] to specify desired server."
printf "$cols" " " "ex: http://the.server.domain.tld:port/"

    myscript.sh              Execute without arguments to
                             get a menu of options
                             defining the environment.
                             myscript.sh [url] Add [url]
                             to specify desired server
                             environment with which to run
                             the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/
    myscript.sh [url]        Add [url] to specify desired
                             server environment with which
                             to run the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/

注意：当使用最小字段宽度值时，它是一个最小字段宽度，并且您提供的值超过该宽度，它将打印您提供的整个字符串

    myscript.sh              Execute without arguments to
                             get a menu of options
                             defining the environment.
                             myscript.sh [url] Add [url]
                             to specify desired server
                             environment with which to run
                             the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/
    myscript.sh [url]        Add [url] to specify desired
                             server environment with which
                             to run the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/

此外，如果要将第2列的续行移到第二行，仍然需要为第1列的值提供一个值（空字符串或空格）。如果查看上面的代码，输出将是：

    myscript.sh              Execute without arguments to
                             get a menu of options
                             defining the environment.
                             myscript.sh [url] Add [url]
                             to specify desired server
                             environment with which to run
                             the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/
    myscript.sh [url]        Add [url] to specify desired
                             server environment with which
                             to run the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/

输出

$ bash prncols.sh
myscript.sh         Execute without arguments to get a menu of options.
myscript.sh [url]   Add [url] to specify desired server.
                    ex: http://the.server.domain.tld:port/

    myscript.sh              Execute without arguments to
                             get a menu of options
                             defining the environment.
                             myscript.sh [url] Add [url]
                             to specify desired server
                             environment with which to run
                             the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/
    myscript.sh [url]        Add [url] to specify desired
                             server environment with which
                             to run the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/

（注意：
myscript.sh[url]
是
17
个字符，将超过您的格式宽度
15
，这就是改用
20
的原因）

    myscript.sh              Execute without arguments to
                             get a menu of options
                             defining the environment.
                             myscript.sh [url] Add [url]
                             to specify desired server
                             environment with which to run
                             the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/
    myscript.sh [url]        Add [url] to specify desired
                             server environment with which
                             to run the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/

改用Heredoc

    myscript.sh              Execute without arguments to
                             get a menu of options
                             defining the environment.
                             myscript.sh [url] Add [url]
                             to specify desired server
                             environment with which to run
                             the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/
    myscript.sh [url]        Add [url] to specify desired
                             server environment with which
                             to run the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/

提供格式化文本（如帮助信息）的正确方法是使用heredoc，例如：

    myscript.sh              Execute without arguments to
                             get a menu of options
                             defining the environment.
                             myscript.sh [url] Add [url]
                             to specify desired server
                             environment with which to run
                             the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/
    myscript.sh [url]        Add [url] to specify desired
                             server environment with which
                             to run the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/

cat当您打印1个格式化列和以下字符串时，不需要两种单独的格式，只需在单个格式字符串中提供这两种格式：

#!/bin/bash

cols="%-20s%s\n"
printf "$cols" "myscript.sh" "Execute without arguments to get a menu of options."
printf "$cols" "myscript.sh [url]" "Add [url] to specify desired server."
printf "$cols" " " "ex: http://the.server.domain.tld:port/"

    myscript.sh              Execute without arguments to
                             get a menu of options
                             defining the environment.
                             myscript.sh [url] Add [url]
                             to specify desired server
                             environment with which to run
                             the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/
    myscript.sh [url]        Add [url] to specify desired
                             server environment with which
                             to run the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/

注意：当使用最小字段宽度值时，它是一个最小字段宽度，并且您提供的值超过该宽度，它将打印您提供的整个字符串

    myscript.sh              Execute without arguments to
                             get a menu of options
                             defining the environment.
                             myscript.sh [url] Add [url]
                             to specify desired server
                             environment with which to run
                             the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/
    myscript.sh [url]        Add [url] to specify desired
                             server environment with which
                             to run the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/

此外，如果要将第2列的续行移到第二行，仍然需要为第1列的值提供一个值（空字符串或空格）。如果查看上面的代码，输出将是：

    myscript.sh              Execute without arguments to
                             get a menu of options
                             defining the environment.
                             myscript.sh [url] Add [url]
                             to specify desired server
                             environment with which to run
                             the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/
    myscript.sh [url]        Add [url] to specify desired
                             server environment with which
                             to run the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/

输出

$ bash prncols.sh
myscript.sh         Execute without arguments to get a menu of options.
myscript.sh [url]   Add [url] to specify desired server.
                    ex: http://the.server.domain.tld:port/

    myscript.sh              Execute without arguments to
                             get a menu of options
                             defining the environment.
                             myscript.sh [url] Add [url]
                             to specify desired server
                             environment with which to run
                             the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/
    myscript.sh [url]        Add [url] to specify desired
                             server environment with which
                             to run the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/

（注意：
myscript.sh[url]
是
17
个字符，将超过您的格式宽度
15
，这就是改用
20
的原因）

    myscript.sh              Execute without arguments to
                             get a menu of options
                             defining the environment.
                             myscript.sh [url] Add [url]
                             to specify desired server
                             environment with which to run
                             the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/
    myscript.sh [url]        Add [url] to specify desired
                             server environment with which
                             to run the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/

改用Heredoc

    myscript.sh              Execute without arguments to
                             get a menu of options
                             defining the environment.
                             myscript.sh [url] Add [url]
                             to specify desired server
                             environment with which to run
                             the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/
    myscript.sh [url]        Add [url] to specify desired
                             server environment with which
                             to run the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/

提供格式化文本（如帮助信息）的正确方法是使用heredoc，例如：

    myscript.sh              Execute without arguments to
                             get a menu of options
                             defining the environment.
                             myscript.sh [url] Add [url]
                             to specify desired server
                             environment with which to run
                             the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/
    myscript.sh [url]        Add [url] to specify desired
                             server environment with which
                             to run the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/

cat如果考虑到终端窗口的宽度，您发现文本自动换行很重要，那么您可能需要使用以下帮助脚本；我把它命名为
twoocolumns.sh

#!/bin/bash
tabstop=$1
cols=$(tput cols)
paste <(echo "$2" | fold -sw$((tabstop-1))) <(echo "$3" | fold -sw$((cols-tabstop-1))) | expand -t$tabstop

    myscript.sh              Execute without arguments to
                             get a menu of options
                             defining the environment.
                             myscript.sh [url] Add [url]
                             to specify desired server
                             environment with which to run
                             the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/
    myscript.sh [url]        Add [url] to specify desired
                             server environment with which
                             to run the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/

80列终端中的输出：

myscript.sh         Execute without arguments to get a menu of options 
                    defining the environment.
myscript.sh [url]   Add [url] to specify desired server environment with which 
                    to run the script.
                    ex: http://the.server.domain.tld:port/

myscript.sh         Execute without arguments to get a 
                    menu of options defining the 
                    environment.
myscript.sh [url]   Add [url] to specify desired server 
                    environment with which to run the 
                    script.
                    ex: http://the.server.domain.tld:port/

    myscript.sh              Execute without arguments to
                             get a menu of options
                             defining the environment.
                             myscript.sh [url] Add [url]
                             to specify desired server
                             environment with which to run
                             the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/
    myscript.sh [url]        Add [url] to specify desired
                             server environment with which
                             to run the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/

60列终端中的输出：

myscript.sh         Execute without arguments to get a menu of options 
                    defining the environment.
myscript.sh [url]   Add [url] to specify desired server environment with which 
                    to run the script.
                    ex: http://the.server.domain.tld:port/

myscript.sh         Execute without arguments to get a 
                    menu of options defining the 
                    environment.
myscript.sh [url]   Add [url] to specify desired server 
                    environment with which to run the 
                    script.
                    ex: http://the.server.domain.tld:port/

    myscript.sh              Execute without arguments to
                             get a menu of options
                             defining the environment.
                             myscript.sh [url] Add [url]
                             to specify desired server
                             environment with which to run
                             the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/
    myscript.sh [url]        Add [url] to specify desired
                             server environment with which
                             to run the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/

如果考虑到终端窗口的宽度，您发现让文本自动换行很重要，那么您可能需要使用以下帮助器脚本；我把它命名为
twoocolumns.sh

#!/bin/bash
tabstop=$1
cols=$(tput cols)
paste <(echo "$2" | fold -sw$((tabstop-1))) <(echo "$3" | fold -sw$((cols-tabstop-1))) | expand -t$tabstop

    myscript.sh              Execute without arguments to
                             get a menu of options
                             defining the environment.
                             myscript.sh [url] Add [url]
                             to specify desired server
                             environment with which to run
                             the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/
    myscript.sh [url]        Add [url] to specify desired
                             server environment with which
                             to run the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/

80列终端中的输出：

myscript.sh         Execute without arguments to get a menu of options 
                    defining the environment.
myscript.sh [url]   Add [url] to specify desired server environment with which 
                    to run the script.
                    ex: http://the.server.domain.tld:port/

myscript.sh         Execute without arguments to get a 
                    menu of options defining the 
                    environment.
myscript.sh [url]   Add [url] to specify desired server 
                    environment with which to run the 
                    script.
                    ex: http://the.server.domain.tld:port/

    myscript.sh              Execute without arguments to
                             get a menu of options
                             defining the environment.
                             myscript.sh [url] Add [url]
                             to specify desired server
                             environment with which to run
                             the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/
    myscript.sh [url]        Add [url] to specify desired
                             server environment with which
                             to run the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/

60列终端中的输出：

myscript.sh         Execute without arguments to get a menu of options 
                    defining the environment.
myscript.sh [url]   Add [url] to specify desired server environment with which 
                    to run the script.
                    ex: http://the.server.domain.tld:port/

myscript.sh         Execute without arguments to get a 
                    menu of options defining the 
                    environment.
myscript.sh [url]   Add [url] to specify desired server 
                    environment with which to run the 
                    script.
                    ex: http://the.server.domain.tld:port/

    myscript.sh              Execute without arguments to
                             get a menu of options
                             defining the environment.
                             myscript.sh [url] Add [url]
                             to specify desired server
                             environment with which to run
                             the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/
    myscript.sh [url]        Add [url] to specify desired
                             server environment with which
                             to run the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/

您可以创建一个函数，该函数使用空格使所有内容都适合。

包含testdata的函数：

function myprint {
   firstline=0    
   while read -r line; do
      if [[ "${firstline}" -eq 0 ]]; then
         header="$1"                     
         firstline=1                     
      else                               
         header=" "                      
      fi                                 
      printf "%-25s%s\n" "${header}" "${line}" 
   done <<< "$(fold -w30 -s <<< $2)"          
}                                              

h1="myscript.sh"
t1="Execute without arguments to get a menu of options defining the environment.  myscript.sh [url]   Add [url] to specify desired server environment with which to run the script.  ex: http://the.server.domain.tld:port/"  
h2="myscript.sh [url]"                                                                                         
t2="Add [url] to specify desired server environment with which to run the script.  ex: http://the.server.domain.tld:port/"                                                                                                    
myprint "$h1" "$t1"                                                                                            
myprint "$h2" "$t2"   

    myscript.sh              Execute without arguments to
                             get a menu of options
                             defining the environment.
                             myscript.sh [url] Add [url]
                             to specify desired server
                             environment with which to run
                             the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/
    myscript.sh [url]        Add [url] to specify desired
                             server environment with which
                             to run the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/

您可以创建一个函数，该函数使用空格使所有内容都适合。

包含testdata的函数：

function myprint {
   firstline=0    
   while read -r line; do
      if [[ "${firstline}" -eq 0 ]]; then
         header="$1"                     
         firstline=1                     
      else                               
         header=" "                      
      fi                                 
      printf "%-25s%s\n" "${header}" "${line}" 
   done <<< "$(fold -w30 -s <<< $2)"          
}                                              

h1="myscript.sh"
t1="Execute without arguments to get a menu of options defining the environment.  myscript.sh [url]   Add [url] to specify desired server environment with which to run the script.  ex: http://the.server.domain.tld:port/"  
h2="myscript.sh [url]"                                                                                         
t2="Add [url] to specify desired server environment with which to run the script.  ex: http://the.server.domain.tld:port/"                                                                                                    
myprint "$h1" "$t1"                                                                                            
myprint "$h2" "$t2"   

    myscript.sh              Execute without arguments to
                             get a menu of options
                             defining the environment.
                             myscript.sh [url] Add [url]
                             to specify desired server
                             environment with which to run
                             the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/
    myscript.sh [url]        Add [url] to specify desired
                             server environment with which
                             to run the script. ex:
                             http://the.server.domain.tld:p
                             ort/

如果您想要第一个格式化的两列，只需使用
col2=“%s\n”
或对于col2中的续行，您仍然必须打印col1。e、 g.在上次printf之前，添加
printf“$col1”“”
事实上，您可能应该将您的格式组合成一个
col=“%-15s%s”
，然后将这两个值提供给一个printf调用。如果您想要两个第一个格式化的列，只需使用
col2=“%s\n”
或对于col2中的续行，仍然必须打印col1。e、 g.在最后一次printf之前，添加
printf“$col1”“”
事实上，您可能应该将您的格式合并到一个
col=“%-15s%s”
中，然后为一个printf调用提供这两个值。谢谢大家的回答。我选择这个作为最好的答案，因为它很简洁，并且完全符合我的要求。我没有使用第二个脚本文件，而是将代码放入函数中。谢谢大家的回答。我选择这个作为最好的答案，因为它很简洁，并且完全符合我的要求。我没有使用第二个脚本文件，而是将代码放入函数中。这是一个非常简洁的函数，谢谢。不幸的是，它不适用于颜色，因为fold将颜色代码作为额外字符读取。。。我会在这里发布一个答案，如果我找到一个扩展的解决方案，颜色工作。我理解这个问题，但不知道一个简单的解决办法。当你对颜色感兴趣时，你可能会喜欢答案，但这在这里没有帮助。这是一个非常简洁的函数，谢谢。不幸的是，它不适用于颜色，因为fold将颜色代码作为额外字符读取。。。我会在这里发布一个答案，如果我找到一个扩展的解决方案，颜色工作。我理解这个问题，但不知道一个简单的解决办法。当你对颜色感兴趣时，你可能会喜欢答案，但这在这里没有帮助。