Bash 显示目录中所有文件的年代的脚本

我在几个月前创建了这个脚本，我每天都在使用它来找出哪些备份文件的时间超过3天或更长。它帮助我快速识别所有有3天或更长创建时间的文件

#!/bin/bash
#Backup
time=$(date +%d)        #Current time in days
a=3                     #Number of the past days
b=0                     #No need to verify it because it has a backup from today
        echo
        ls -l | tail -n +2 | while read result;
        do
        echo $result | awk -vC0='\033[0;0m' -vC1='\033[0;32m' -vC2='\033[0;31m' -vC3='\033[0;33m' \
        '{printf "%+10s %+1s %-5s %+4s %+4s %+3s %+2s %5s %-20s \n", $1,$2,$3,$4,$5,$6," " C1 $7 C0," " $8," " $9}'
        actual=$(echo $result | awk '{ print $7 }')
        partition=$(echo $result | awk '{ print $9 }')
        rest=$(($time-$actual))
if [[ $rest -le $a && $rest -ne $b ]]; then
        echo -e "\t The Backup for \e[33m$partition\e[0m was done \e[33m$rest\e[0m days ago"
fi
        done

它将在CLI上显示ls-l命令的结果，并以一种更易于理解的方式显示有关文件的年代的注释。例如：

-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root 98756181 Mar 7 23:59  server005.Mon.tgz
         The Backup for server005.Mon.tgz was done 3 days ago
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root 23663925 Mar  3  18:00  server006.Fri.tgz
         The Backup for server006.Fri.tgz was done 3 days ago
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root 23663925 Mar 3 18:00  server009.Mon.tgz
         The Backup for server009.Mon.tgz was done 3 days ago

我每天早上都使用此脚本。它帮助我快速确定备份是否每3天进行一次，脚本在每个文件中显示一条注释，通过使用文件的当前日期（以天为单位）减去文件的创建日期（以天为单位），显示文件的使用时间，然后，如果结果大于数字3，它将显示一个带有文件天数的注释，但问题是，当实际日期接近每月的29、30或第一天时，我会遇到一些问题，因为脚本显示负值。例如：

The Backup for backupserver001.Thu.tgz was done -11 days ago
The Backup for backupserver002.Wed.tgz was done -10 days ago
The Backup for backupserver003.Mon.tgz was done -21 days ago

就像我说的，只有当当前日期接近月底或月初时才会发生这种情况

---

我不太擅长编程或数学，所以这就是我在这里寻求帮助的原因。我很确定这项任务可以用一种更好的方式完成，更简单，我的代码非常混乱。任何帮助都将不胜感激

您正在使用一个月中的某一天来执行绝对项目差异，但正如您所看到的，当本月的当前日期小于上个月的晚一天时，该操作将失败。您应该改为使用UNIX时间戳来计算自上次修改文件以来经过的时间，该时间戳测量自1970年一天以来的秒数。另外，我建议使用

stat

，而不是

ls

，来获取此信息。（假定GNU

stat

；您的本地实现可能不同。）

#/bin/bash
#备份
现在=$（日期+%s）#自1970年1月1日以来的当前时间（秒）
a=3#过去天数
b=0#不需要验证它，因为它有今天的备份
回声
对于f in*；做
实际值=$（统计数据-c“%Y”）
剩余=$（（现在-实际）/84600））
如果（（rest

在@chepner帮助我之后，我能够增强脚本，现在它以更好的方式执行任务

#!/bin/bash

#Backup

time=$(date +%s)        #Current time in seconds since Jan 1 1970
a=3                     #Number of the past days

echo
    printf '\t \t \033[32mBACKUPS \tBACKUPS \tBACKUPS \tBACKUPS \tBACKUPS \tBACKUPS \tBACKUPS \tBACKUPS \033[0m \n \n'
for f in /home/admin/Documents/*;
do
  actual=$(stat -c '%Y' $f )
  normal=$(stat -c '%y' $f )
  rest=$(( (time - actual) / 84600 ))
  if (( rest > a )); then
    printf '\t Backup for \033[33m%-40s\033[0m was done \033[1;31m%d\033[0m days ago. \t Created Date: \033[0m%-30s \n' "$f" "$rest" "$normal"
 else
    printf '\t Backup for \033[33m%-40s\033[0m was done \033[1;32m%d\033[0m days ago. \t Created Date: \033[0m%-30s \n' "$f" "$rest" "$normal"
fi
done
echo

输出更具组织性和清晰性，便于识别任何问题：

                 BACKUPS        BACKUPS         BACKUPS         BACKUPS         BACKUPS         BACKUPS         BACKUPS         BACKUPS

         Backup for /home/admin/Documents/backup_full.sh     was done 36 days ago.       Created Date: 2017-01-30 15:26:46.217390547 -0500
         Backup for /home/admin/Documents/backup.sh          was done 0 days ago.        Created Date: 2017-03-07 15:07:17.066182193 -0500
         Backup for /home/admin/Documents/English.xlsx       was done 36 days ago.       Created Date: 2017-01-30 15:25:37.592965894 -0500
         Backup for /home/admin/Documents/MySQL.docx         was done 36 days ago.       Created Date: 2017-01-30 15:25:37.604965969 -0500
         Backup for /home/admin/Documents/accounts.txt        was done 36 days ago.       Created Date: 2017-01-30 15:25:37.628966117 -0500
         Backup for /home/admin/Documents/SGID.docx          was done 36 days ago.       Created Date: 2017-01-30 15:25:37.604965969 -0500
         Backup for /home/admin/Documents/sticky_bit.docx    was done 36 days ago.       Created Date: 2017-01-30 15:25:37.616966043 -0500
         Backup for /home/admin/Documents/SUID.docx          was done 36 days ago.       Created Date: 2017-01-30 15:25:37.576965795 -0500
         Backup for /home/admin/Documents/test.sh            was done 1 days ago.        Created Date: 2017-03-06 12:23:46.872273977 -0500

---

time

和

actual

都是一个月中的两天；当

actual

发生在上个月，但不到一个月前时，

rest

的值为负值。我很久以前就尝试过stat，但没有结果。我收到一个我不明白的错误。你能帮我解决这个问题吗：stat:c无法读取“%Y”的文件系统信息：没有这样的文件或目录。我修复了一些问题，例如/home/admin/Documents/*中的f，并在done之前添加了fi。变量“now”的作用是什么商店？对不起，我把我的

stat

弄糊涂了；我发布了一个BSD

stat

的示例。我还打算用

now

替换

time

，但没有完全这样做。这两个问题现在都应该得到解决。非常感谢你的帮助。我正在增强我的脚本，我学到了一些东西。

                 BACKUPS        BACKUPS         BACKUPS         BACKUPS         BACKUPS         BACKUPS         BACKUPS         BACKUPS

         Backup for /home/admin/Documents/backup_full.sh     was done 36 days ago.       Created Date: 2017-01-30 15:26:46.217390547 -0500
         Backup for /home/admin/Documents/backup.sh          was done 0 days ago.        Created Date: 2017-03-07 15:07:17.066182193 -0500
         Backup for /home/admin/Documents/English.xlsx       was done 36 days ago.       Created Date: 2017-01-30 15:25:37.592965894 -0500
         Backup for /home/admin/Documents/MySQL.docx         was done 36 days ago.       Created Date: 2017-01-30 15:25:37.604965969 -0500
         Backup for /home/admin/Documents/accounts.txt        was done 36 days ago.       Created Date: 2017-01-30 15:25:37.628966117 -0500
         Backup for /home/admin/Documents/SGID.docx          was done 36 days ago.       Created Date: 2017-01-30 15:25:37.604965969 -0500
         Backup for /home/admin/Documents/sticky_bit.docx    was done 36 days ago.       Created Date: 2017-01-30 15:25:37.616966043 -0500
         Backup for /home/admin/Documents/SUID.docx          was done 36 days ago.       Created Date: 2017-01-30 15:25:37.576965795 -0500
         Backup for /home/admin/Documents/test.sh            was done 1 days ago.        Created Date: 2017-03-06 12:23:46.872273977 -0500