Compression 如何用FFmpeg编码灰度视频流？
我有一个来自Firewire天文相机的灰度视频流，我想使用FFmpeg压缩视频流，但它不接受MPEG1视频编解码器的单字节像素格式。如何使用FFmpeg API将灰度视频帧转换为FFmpeg接受的帧格式？Edit MPEG-1只接受YUV。因此，将您的帧转换为yuv。使用SwsContext结构，通过调用sws_getContext创建它，然后使用sws_scaleCompression 如何用FFmpeg编码灰度视频流？,compression,ffmpeg,mpeg,video-codecs,Compression,Ffmpeg,Mpeg,Video Codecs,我有一个来自Firewire天文相机的灰度视频流，我想使用FFmpeg压缩视频流，但它不接受MPEG1视频编解码器的单字节像素格式。如何使用FFmpeg API将灰度视频帧转换为FFmpeg接受的帧格式？Edit MPEG-1只接受YUV。因此，将您的帧转换为yuv。使用SwsContext结构，通过调用sws_getContext创建它，然后使用sws_scale 试试rawvideo编解码器。您需要指定描述帧格式的pix_fmt参数-您的帧是每像素1字节的帧，但是它们是灰度的（您没有提到）
试试rawvideo编解码器。您需要指定描述帧格式的pix_fmt参数-您的帧是每像素1字节的帧，但是它们是灰度的（您没有提到）？比如说
ffmpeg -i INPUT -vcodec rawvideo -pix_fmt yuv420p output.avi
/*
* copyright (c) 2006 Michael Niedermayer <michaelni@gmx.at>
*
* This file is part of FFmpeg.
*
* FFmpeg is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
* License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
* version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
*
* FFmpeg is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
* Lesser General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
* License along with FFmpeg; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
*/
#ifndef AVUTIL_PIXFMT_H
#define AVUTIL_PIXFMT_H
/**
* @file
* pixel format definitions
*
* @warning This file has to be considered an internal but installed
* header, so it should not be directly included in your projects.
*/
#include "libavutil/avconfig.h"
/**
* Pixel format. Notes:
*
* PIX_FMT_RGB32 is handled in an endian-specific manner. An RGBA
* color is put together as:
* (A << 24) | (R << 16) | (G << 8) | B
* This is stored as BGRA on little-endian CPU architectures and ARGB on
* big-endian CPUs.
*
* When the pixel format is palettized RGB (PIX_FMT_PAL8), the palettized
* image data is stored in AVFrame.data[0]. The palette is transported in
* AVFrame.data[1], is 1024 bytes long (256 4-byte entries) and is
* formatted the same as in PIX_FMT_RGB32 described above (i.e., it is
* also endian-specific). Note also that the individual RGB palette
* components stored in AVFrame.data[1] should be in the range 0..255.
* This is important as many custom PAL8 video codecs that were designed
* to run on the IBM VGA graphics adapter use 6-bit palette components.
*
* For all the 8bit per pixel formats, an RGB32 palette is in data[1] like
* for pal8. This palette is filled in automatically by the function
* allocating the picture.
*
* Note, make sure that all newly added big endian formats have pix_fmt&1==1
* and that all newly added little endian formats have pix_fmt&1==0
* this allows simpler detection of big vs little endian.
*/
enum PixelFormat {
PIX_FMT_NONE= -1,
PIX_FMT_YUV420P, ///< planar YUV 4:2:0, 12bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x2 Y samples)
PIX_FMT_YUYV422, ///< packed YUV 4:2:2, 16bpp, Y0 Cb Y1 Cr
PIX_FMT_RGB24, ///< packed RGB 8:8:8, 24bpp, RGBRGB...
PIX_FMT_BGR24, ///< packed RGB 8:8:8, 24bpp, BGRBGR...
PIX_FMT_YUV422P, ///< planar YUV 4:2:2, 16bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x1 Y samples)
PIX_FMT_YUV444P, ///< planar YUV 4:4:4, 24bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 1x1 Y samples)
PIX_FMT_YUV410P, ///< planar YUV 4:1:0, 9bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 4x4 Y samples)
PIX_FMT_YUV411P, ///< planar YUV 4:1:1, 12bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 4x1 Y samples)
PIX_FMT_GRAY8, ///< Y , 8bpp
PIX_FMT_MONOWHITE, ///< Y , 1bpp, 0 is white, 1 is black, in each byte pixels are ordered from the msb to the lsb
PIX_FMT_MONOBLACK, ///< Y , 1bpp, 0 is black, 1 is white, in each byte pixels are ordered from the msb to the lsb
PIX_FMT_PAL8, ///< 8 bit with PIX_FMT_RGB32 palette
PIX_FMT_YUVJ420P, ///< planar YUV 4:2:0, 12bpp, full scale (JPEG), deprecated in favor of PIX_FMT_YUV420P and setting color_range
PIX_FMT_YUVJ422P, ///< planar YUV 4:2:2, 16bpp, full scale (JPEG), deprecated in favor of PIX_FMT_YUV422P and setting color_range
PIX_FMT_YUVJ444P, ///< planar YUV 4:4:4, 24bpp, full scale (JPEG), deprecated in favor of PIX_FMT_YUV444P and setting color_range
PIX_FMT_XVMC_MPEG2_MC,///< XVideo Motion Acceleration via common packet passing
PIX_FMT_XVMC_MPEG2_IDCT,
PIX_FMT_UYVY422, ///< packed YUV 4:2:2, 16bpp, Cb Y0 Cr Y1
PIX_FMT_UYYVYY411, ///< packed YUV 4:1:1, 12bpp, Cb Y0 Y1 Cr Y2 Y3
PIX_FMT_BGR8, ///< packed RGB 3:3:2, 8bpp, (msb)2B 3G 3R(lsb)
PIX_FMT_BGR4, ///< packed RGB 1:2:1 bitstream, 4bpp, (msb)1B 2G 1R(lsb), a byte contains two pixels, the first pixel in the byte is the one composed by the 4 msb bits
PIX_FMT_BGR4_BYTE, ///< packed RGB 1:2:1, 8bpp, (msb)1B 2G 1R(lsb)
PIX_FMT_RGB8, ///< packed RGB 3:3:2, 8bpp, (msb)2R 3G 3B(lsb)
PIX_FMT_RGB4, ///< packed RGB 1:2:1 bitstream, 4bpp, (msb)1R 2G 1B(lsb), a byte contains two pixels, the first pixel in the byte is the one composed by the 4 msb bits
PIX_FMT_RGB4_BYTE, ///< packed RGB 1:2:1, 8bpp, (msb)1R 2G 1B(lsb)
PIX_FMT_NV12, ///< planar YUV 4:2:0, 12bpp, 1 plane for Y and 1 plane for the UV components, which are interleaved (first byte U and the following byte V)
PIX_FMT_NV21, ///< as above, but U and V bytes are swapped
PIX_FMT_ARGB, ///< packed ARGB 8:8:8:8, 32bpp, ARGBARGB...
PIX_FMT_RGBA, ///< packed RGBA 8:8:8:8, 32bpp, RGBARGBA...
PIX_FMT_ABGR, ///< packed ABGR 8:8:8:8, 32bpp, ABGRABGR...
PIX_FMT_BGRA, ///< packed BGRA 8:8:8:8, 32bpp, BGRABGRA...
PIX_FMT_GRAY16BE, ///< Y , 16bpp, big-endian
PIX_FMT_GRAY16LE, ///< Y , 16bpp, little-endian
PIX_FMT_YUV440P, ///< planar YUV 4:4:0 (1 Cr & Cb sample per 1x2 Y samples)
PIX_FMT_YUVJ440P, ///< planar YUV 4:4:0 full scale (JPEG), deprecated in favor of PIX_FMT_YUV440P and setting color_range
PIX_FMT_YUVA420P, ///< planar YUV 4:2:0, 20bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x2 Y & A samples)
PIX_FMT_VDPAU_H264,///< H.264 HW decoding with VDPAU, data[0] contains a vdpau_render_state struct which contains the bitstream of the slices as well as various fields extracted from headers
PIX_FMT_VDPAU_MPEG1,///< MPEG-1 HW decoding with VDPAU, data[0] contains a vdpau_render_state struct which contains the bitstream of the slices as well as various fields extracted from headers
PIX_FMT_VDPAU_MPEG2,///< MPEG-2 HW decoding with VDPAU, data[0] contains a vdpau_render_state struct which contains the bitstream of the slices as well as various fields extracted from headers
PIX_FMT_VDPAU_WMV3,///< WMV3 HW decoding with VDPAU, data[0] contains a vdpau_render_state struct which contains the bitstream of the slices as well as various fields extracted from headers
PIX_FMT_VDPAU_VC1, ///< VC-1 HW decoding with VDPAU, data[0] contains a vdpau_render_state struct which contains the bitstream of the slices as well as various fields extracted from headers
PIX_FMT_RGB48BE, ///< packed RGB 16:16:16, 48bpp, 16R, 16G, 16B, the 2-byte value for each R/G/B component is stored as big-endian
PIX_FMT_RGB48LE, ///< packed RGB 16:16:16, 48bpp, 16R, 16G, 16B, the 2-byte value for each R/G/B component is stored as little-endian
PIX_FMT_RGB565BE, ///< packed RGB 5:6:5, 16bpp, (msb) 5R 6G 5B(lsb), big-endian
PIX_FMT_RGB565LE, ///< packed RGB 5:6:5, 16bpp, (msb) 5R 6G 5B(lsb), little-endian
PIX_FMT_RGB555BE, ///< packed RGB 5:5:5, 16bpp, (msb)1A 5R 5G 5B(lsb), big-endian, most significant bit to 0
PIX_FMT_RGB555LE, ///< packed RGB 5:5:5, 16bpp, (msb)1A 5R 5G 5B(lsb), little-endian, most significant bit to 0
PIX_FMT_BGR565BE, ///< packed BGR 5:6:5, 16bpp, (msb) 5B 6G 5R(lsb), big-endian
PIX_FMT_BGR565LE, ///< packed BGR 5:6:5, 16bpp, (msb) 5B 6G 5R(lsb), little-endian
PIX_FMT_BGR555BE, ///< packed BGR 5:5:5, 16bpp, (msb)1A 5B 5G 5R(lsb), big-endian, most significant bit to 1
PIX_FMT_BGR555LE, ///< packed BGR 5:5:5, 16bpp, (msb)1A 5B 5G 5R(lsb), little-endian, most significant bit to 1
PIX_FMT_VAAPI_MOCO, ///< HW acceleration through VA API at motion compensation entry-point, Picture.data[3] contains a vaapi_render_state struct which contains macroblocks as well as various fields extracted from headers
PIX_FMT_VAAPI_IDCT, ///< HW acceleration through VA API at IDCT entry-point, Picture.data[3] contains a vaapi_render_state struct which contains fields extracted from headers
PIX_FMT_VAAPI_VLD, ///< HW decoding through VA API, Picture.data[3] contains a vaapi_render_state struct which contains the bitstream of the slices as well as various fields extracted from headers
PIX_FMT_YUV420P16LE, ///< planar YUV 4:2:0, 24bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x2 Y samples), little-endian
PIX_FMT_YUV420P16BE, ///< planar YUV 4:2:0, 24bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x2 Y samples), big-endian
PIX_FMT_YUV422P16LE, ///< planar YUV 4:2:2, 32bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x1 Y samples), little-endian
PIX_FMT_YUV422P16BE, ///< planar YUV 4:2:2, 32bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x1 Y samples), big-endian
PIX_FMT_YUV444P16LE, ///< planar YUV 4:4:4, 48bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 1x1 Y samples), little-endian
PIX_FMT_YUV444P16BE, ///< planar YUV 4:4:4, 48bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 1x1 Y samples), big-endian
PIX_FMT_VDPAU_MPEG4, ///< MPEG4 HW decoding with VDPAU, data[0] contains a vdpau_render_state struct which contains the bitstream of the slices as well as various fields extracted from headers
PIX_FMT_DXVA2_VLD, ///< HW decoding through DXVA2, Picture.data[3] contains a LPDIRECT3DSURFACE9 pointer
PIX_FMT_RGB444LE, ///< packed RGB 4:4:4, 16bpp, (msb)4A 4R 4G 4B(lsb), little-endian, most significant bits to 0
PIX_FMT_RGB444BE, ///< packed RGB 4:4:4, 16bpp, (msb)4A 4R 4G 4B(lsb), big-endian, most significant bits to 0
PIX_FMT_BGR444LE, ///< packed BGR 4:4:4, 16bpp, (msb)4A 4B 4G 4R(lsb), little-endian, most significant bits to 1
PIX_FMT_BGR444BE, ///< packed BGR 4:4:4, 16bpp, (msb)4A 4B 4G 4R(lsb), big-endian, most significant bits to 1
PIX_FMT_GRAY8A, ///< 8bit gray, 8bit alpha
PIX_FMT_BGR48BE, ///< packed RGB 16:16:16, 48bpp, 16B, 16G, 16R, the 2-byte value for each R/G/B component is stored as big-endian
PIX_FMT_BGR48LE, ///< packed RGB 16:16:16, 48bpp, 16B, 16G, 16R, the 2-byte value for each R/G/B component is stored as little-endian
//the following 10 formats have the disadvantage of needing 1 format for each bit depth, thus
//If you want to support multiple bit depths, then using PIX_FMT_YUV420P16* with the bpp stored seperately
//is better
PIX_FMT_YUV420P9BE, ///< planar YUV 4:2:0, 13.5bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x2 Y samples), big-endian
PIX_FMT_YUV420P9LE, ///< planar YUV 4:2:0, 13.5bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x2 Y samples), little-endian
PIX_FMT_YUV420P10BE,///< planar YUV 4:2:0, 15bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x2 Y samples), big-endian
PIX_FMT_YUV420P10LE,///< planar YUV 4:2:0, 15bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x2 Y samples), little-endian
PIX_FMT_YUV422P10BE,///< planar YUV 4:2:2, 20bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x1 Y samples), little-endian
PIX_FMT_YUV422P10LE,///< planar YUV 4:2:2, 20bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x1 Y samples), big-endian
PIX_FMT_YUV444P9BE, ///< planar YUV 4:4:4, 27bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 1x1 Y samples), little-endian
PIX_FMT_YUV444P9LE, ///< planar YUV 4:4:4, 27bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 1x1 Y samples), big-endian
PIX_FMT_YUV444P10BE,///< planar YUV 4:4:4, 30bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 1x1 Y samples), little-endian
PIX_FMT_YUV444P10LE,///< planar YUV 4:4:4, 30bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 1x1 Y samples), big-endian
PIX_FMT_NB, ///< number of pixel formats, DO NOT USE THIS if you want to link with shared libav* because the number of formats might differ between versions
};
#define PIX_FMT_Y400A PIX_FMT_GRAY8A
#if AV_HAVE_BIGENDIAN
# define PIX_FMT_NE(be, le) PIX_FMT_##be
#else
# define PIX_FMT_NE(be, le) PIX_FMT_##le
#endif
#define PIX_FMT_RGB32 PIX_FMT_NE(ARGB, BGRA)
#define PIX_FMT_RGB32_1 PIX_FMT_NE(RGBA, ABGR)
#define PIX_FMT_BGR32 PIX_FMT_NE(ABGR, RGBA)
#define PIX_FMT_BGR32_1 PIX_FMT_NE(BGRA, ARGB)
#define PIX_FMT_GRAY16 PIX_FMT_NE(GRAY16BE, GRAY16LE)
#define PIX_FMT_RGB48 PIX_FMT_NE(RGB48BE, RGB48LE)
#define PIX_FMT_RGB565 PIX_FMT_NE(RGB565BE, RGB565LE)
#define PIX_FMT_RGB555 PIX_FMT_NE(RGB555BE, RGB555LE)
#define PIX_FMT_RGB444 PIX_FMT_NE(RGB444BE, RGB444LE)
#define PIX_FMT_BGR48 PIX_FMT_NE(BGR48BE, BGR48LE)
#define PIX_FMT_BGR565 PIX_FMT_NE(BGR565BE, BGR565LE)
#define PIX_FMT_BGR555 PIX_FMT_NE(BGR555BE, BGR555LE)
#define PIX_FMT_BGR444 PIX_FMT_NE(BGR444BE, BGR444LE)
#define PIX_FMT_YUV420P9 PIX_FMT_NE(YUV420P9BE , YUV420P9LE)
#define PIX_FMT_YUV444P9 PIX_FMT_NE(YUV444P9BE , YUV444P9LE)
#define PIX_FMT_YUV420P10 PIX_FMT_NE(YUV420P10BE, YUV420P10LE)
#define PIX_FMT_YUV422P10 PIX_FMT_NE(YUV422P10BE, YUV422P10LE)
#define PIX_FMT_YUV444P10 PIX_FMT_NE(YUV444P10BE, YUV444P10LE)
#define PIX_FMT_YUV420P16 PIX_FMT_NE(YUV420P16BE, YUV420P16LE)
#define PIX_FMT_YUV422P16 PIX_FMT_NE(YUV422P16BE, YUV422P16LE)
#define PIX_FMT_YUV444P16 PIX_FMT_NE(YUV444P16BE, YUV444P16LE)
#endif /* AVUTIL_PIXFMT_H */
/*
*版权所有（c）2006迈克尔·尼德迈尔
*
*此文件是FFmpeg的一部分。
*
*FFmpeg是自由软件；您可以重新分发它和/或
*根据GNU小公众的条款对其进行修改
*自由软件基金会发布的许可证；任何一个
*许可证的2.1版，或（由您选择）任何更高版本。
*
*FFmpeg的发布是希望它会有用，
*但无任何保证；甚至没有任何关于
*适销性或适合某一特定目的。见GNU
*有关更多详细信息，请参阅较低的通用公共许可证。
*
*您应该已经收到GNU Lesser General Public的副本
*许可证以及FFmpeg；如果没有，请写信给自由软件
＊基金会，公司，51富兰克林街，第五楼，波士顿，美国02110-1301
*/
#ifndef AVUTIL_PIXFMT_H
#定义AVUTIL_PIXFMT_H
/**
*@file
*像素格式定义
*
*@警告此文件必须视为内部文件，但已安装
*标题，所以它不应该直接包含在项目中。
*/
#包括“libavutil/avconfig.h”
/**
*像素格式。笔记：
*
*PIX_FMT_RGB32以特定于endian的方式处理。RGBA
*颜色组合为：
*（A灰度与YUV的关系非常简单——YUV的“Y”与灰度完全相同
将灰度转换为YUV的更简单方法是
有关刻度之间的转换，请参见参考：
因此：
Y = (0.257 * R) + (0.504 * G) + (0.098 * B) + 16
Cr = V = (0.439 * R) - (0.368 * G) - (0.071 * B) + 128
Cb = U = -(0.148 * R) - (0.291 * G) + (0.439 * B) + 128
Now:
For a Grayscale image (W):
R = W;
G = W;
B = W;
Keeping this:
Y[i] = 0.895 * W[i] + 16.
U[i] = 128 (fixed value)
V[i] = 128 (fxied value)
Y=（0.257*R）+（0.504*G）+（0.098*B）+16
Cr=V=（0.439*R）-（0.368*G）-（0.071*B）+128
Cb=U=-（0.148*R）-（0.291*G）+（0.439*B）+128
现在：
对于灰度图像（W）：
R=W；
G=W；
B=W；
保存此文件：
Y[i]=0.895*W[i]+16。
U[i]=128（固定值）
V[i]=128（fxied值）
实际上，您可以使用几乎相同的Y[i]=W[i]。128值表示0-256有符号到无符号转换的缩放/移位基数中的“0”
因此，您只需创建另一个内存区域Y和U作为固定值，并将这些帧提供给ffmpeg
我不确定，但通过适当地告诉FFMPEG，它只在内部执行此操作。您提供的RGB值也同样包含在其中；这也不是MPEG固有的
因此，寻找FFMPEG的API，它可以让您做到这一点
奖金
请记住，在过去的好日子里，有黑白（灰度）电视机。新的彩色电视机需要与旧的电视机兼容，因此颜色信息以U和V的形式添加（有时也称为YCbCr，其中Cb和Cr称为色度，在这种情况下分别是UV的线性变化）.如果您只需使用“色调”过滤器即可工作；如下所示：
ffmpeg -i inputfile.ogv -vf hue=s=0 outputfile-unsat.ogv
是的，我的像素是灰度的，我已经尝试过“rawvideo”编解码器，但它没有给我任何压缩，这是我真正想要的。你应该使用rawvideo作为输入编解码器。你可以为输出编解码器指定任何你想要的，事实上，你不需要-ffmpeg将猜测输出文件使用的输出格式和编解码器e的扩展我使用的是C API，不是命令行工具，我的代码用灰度图像填充AVFrame缓冲区，然后调用编码器函数。好的，现在我明白了。你说MPEG1VIDEO不接受字节像素格式。这是真的-它只接受。所以将帧转换为yuv。使用SwsContext结构，通过调用sws_getCo创建它ntext，然后使用sws_scale。我想也有img_convert，但我想它被弃用了。我有这样的代码，所以如果你有问题，我可以帮助你。我也在想，我希望找到一个编解码器，可以处理本机的灰度，谢谢你的帮助，你能编辑你的答案来反映这一点吗？我很抱歉我会接受的。感谢您提供的信息，幸运的是sws_getContext和sws_scale函数可以非常有效地执行转换。我想您误解了问题的答案，但问题是如何从科学设备中获取灰度视频并通过FFmpeg进行处理。