C++ 粒子和OpenGL有问题，没有绘制任何内容

我正在学习OpenGL，并试图在我的应用程序中实现一些粒子

为此，我学习了一些课程

但是当我尝试渲染我的粒子时，什么都没有发生，它甚至没有进入着色器（我尝试在其中放置一些无限循环，但什么都没有发生）。我试了很多东西，也许有些东西我不明白

我创建了一个类粒子，带有构造函数、更新和绘制方法，我遵循了课程的每一步，并根据我的课程进行了调整（课程在主循环中完成所有工作）

我的粒子类有一些私人成员：

private:

    size_t maxSize_;

    std::vector<float> quadData_;
    unsigned int dataVbo_;

    std::vector<float> posData_;
    unsigned int posVbo_;

    std::vector<float> colorData_;
    unsigned int colorVbo_;


    std::list<Particle> allParticles_;

抽签结果如下：

void Particles::draw(){


    size_t count(posData_.size());

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, posVbo_);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, maxSize_ * 4 * sizeof(float), NULL, GL_STREAM_DRAW); // Buffer orphaning, a common way to improve streaming perf. See above link for details.
    glBufferSubData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0, count * sizeof(float), posData_.data());

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, colorVbo_);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, maxSize_ * 4 * sizeof(float), NULL, GL_STREAM_DRAW); // Buffer orphaning, a common way to improve streaming perf. See above link for details.
    glBufferSubData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0, count * sizeof(float) * 4, colorData_.data());


    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, dataVbo_);
    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, (void*) 0);

    // 2nd attribute buffer : positions of particles' centers
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, posVbo_);
    glVertexAttribPointer(1, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, (void*) 0);

    // 3rd attribute buffer : particles' colors
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(2);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, colorVbo_);
    glVertexAttribPointer(2, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, (void*) 0);

    glVertexAttribDivisor(0, 0); // particles vertices : always reuse the same 4 vertices -> 0
    glVertexAttribDivisor(1, 1); // positions : one per quad (its center) -> 1
    glVertexAttribDivisor(2, 1); // color : one per quad -> 1

    glDrawArraysInstanced(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4, count);

    glDisableVertexAttribArray(0);
    glDisableVertexAttribArray(1);
    glDisableVertexAttribArray(2);
}

在我的主循环中，我正在这样做：

    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

    myParticules.update(elapsedTime);

    glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

    glUseProgram(_particleShad);

    myParticles.draw();

我也寄了一些统一的vec和mat，但没什么重要的

在我的着色器中，我只尝试执行以下操作：

Vertex :
    gl_Position = vec4(squareVertices.xyz, 1);
        //squareVertices contain the vertices of my square for my particles

Fragment :
        color = vec4(1, 1, 1, 1);

我没有发现任何错误，我真的需要一些帮助，我完全迷路了。

您必须创建VAO（顶点数组对象）：

初始化：

Particles::Particles(size_t maxSize)
: maxSize_(maxSize), quadData_({-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f})
{

    posData_.resize(maxSize_*4);
    colorData_.resize(maxSize_*4);

    glGenVertexArrays(1, &vao);
    glBindVertexArray(vao);

    glGenBuffers(1, &dataVbo_);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, dataVbo_);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, quadData_.size() * sizeof(float), quadData_.data(), GL_STATIC_DRAW);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, (void*) 0);


    // The VBO containing the positions and sizes of the particles
    glGenBuffers(1, &posVbo_);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, posVbo_);
    // Initialize with empty (NULL) buffer : it will be updated later, each frame.
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, maxSize_ * 4 * sizeof(float), NULL, GL_STREAM_DRAW);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
    glVertexAttribPointer(1, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, (void*) 0);

    // The VBO containing the colors of the particles
    glGenBuffers(1, &colorVbo_);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, colorVbo_);
    // Initialize with empty (NULL) buffer : it will be updated later, each frame.
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, maxSize_ * 4 * sizeof(float), NULL, GL_STREAM_DRAW);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(2);
    glVertexAttribPointer(2, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, (void*) 0);


    glVertexAttribDivisor(0, 0); // particles vertices : always reuse the same 4 vertices -> 0
    glVertexAttribDivisor(1, 1); // positions : one per quad (its center) -> 1
    glVertexAttribDivisor(2, 1); // color : one per quad -> 1
}

图纸代码：

void Particles::draw(){
    size_t count(posData_.size());

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, posVbo_);
    glBufferSubData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0, count * sizeof(float), posData_.data());

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, colorVbo_);
    glBufferSubData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0, count * sizeof(float) * 4, colorData_.data());

    glBindVertexArray(vao);
    glDrawArraysInstanced(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4, count);
}

---

请注意，在

draw（）

调用过程中，您不需要更新VAO状态，只需要在初始化过程中进行更新。

尝试启用alpha混合并启用背面多边形的可见性抱歉，应该提到它，但我已经做好了准备，我尝试了很多小选项，但没有任何更改

Particles::Particles(size_t maxSize)
: maxSize_(maxSize), quadData_({-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f})
{

    posData_.resize(maxSize_*4);
    colorData_.resize(maxSize_*4);

    glGenVertexArrays(1, &vao);
    glBindVertexArray(vao);

    glGenBuffers(1, &dataVbo_);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, dataVbo_);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, quadData_.size() * sizeof(float), quadData_.data(), GL_STATIC_DRAW);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, (void*) 0);


    // The VBO containing the positions and sizes of the particles
    glGenBuffers(1, &posVbo_);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, posVbo_);
    // Initialize with empty (NULL) buffer : it will be updated later, each frame.
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, maxSize_ * 4 * sizeof(float), NULL, GL_STREAM_DRAW);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
    glVertexAttribPointer(1, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, (void*) 0);

    // The VBO containing the colors of the particles
    glGenBuffers(1, &colorVbo_);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, colorVbo_);
    // Initialize with empty (NULL) buffer : it will be updated later, each frame.
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, maxSize_ * 4 * sizeof(float), NULL, GL_STREAM_DRAW);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(2);
    glVertexAttribPointer(2, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, (void*) 0);


    glVertexAttribDivisor(0, 0); // particles vertices : always reuse the same 4 vertices -> 0
    glVertexAttribDivisor(1, 1); // positions : one per quad (its center) -> 1
    glVertexAttribDivisor(2, 1); // color : one per quad -> 1
}

void Particles::draw(){
    size_t count(posData_.size());

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, posVbo_);
    glBufferSubData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0, count * sizeof(float), posData_.data());

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, colorVbo_);
    glBufferSubData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0, count * sizeof(float) * 4, colorData_.data());

    glBindVertexArray(vao);
    glDrawArraysInstanced(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4, count);
}