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C++ 如何在我的Linux主机上安装Raspberry Pi交叉编译器?_C++_Linux_Arm_Cross Compiling_Raspberry Pi - Fatal编程技术网

C++ 如何在我的Linux主机上安装Raspberry Pi交叉编译器?

C++ 如何在我的Linux主机上安装Raspberry Pi交叉编译器?,c++,linux,arm,cross-compiling,raspberry-pi,C++,Linux,Arm,Cross Compiling,Raspberry Pi,我正在尝试在我的Ubuntu机器上为Raspberry Pi进行交叉编译 在我最初的尝试中,我使用的是ARMLinuxGnueAbi编译器,它可以在Ubuntu repo中找到。我让它工作了。我能够构建所有依赖项,并在我的cmake项目中使用交叉编译器 然而,我认为我应该使用hf版本,所以我转而使用ARMLinuxGnueAbiHF。然后我意识到这不适用于Raspberry Pi,因为它是armv6 在谷歌搜索之后,我找到了 我下载了工具链,但我真的不知道如何“安装”它。我将文件解压缩到我的主目

我正在尝试在我的Ubuntu机器上为Raspberry Pi进行交叉编译

在我最初的尝试中,我使用的是ARMLinuxGnueAbi编译器,它可以在Ubuntu repo中找到。我让它工作了。我能够构建所有依赖项,并在我的cmake项目中使用交叉编译器

然而,我认为我应该使用hf版本,所以我转而使用ARMLinuxGnueAbiHF。然后我意识到这不适用于Raspberry Pi,因为它是armv6

在谷歌搜索之后,我找到了

我下载了工具链,但我真的不知道如何“安装”它。我将文件解压缩到我的主目录。目录结构如下所示:

/gcc-linearo-arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian
    /arm-linux-gnueabihf
        /bin
            (contains g++, gcc, etc)
        /lib
            (contains libstdc++ library)
    /bin
        (contains arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++, arm-linux-gnueabihf-...)
    /lib
        (gcc lib stuff)
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/home/tudhalyas/raspberrypi/tools/arm-bcm2708/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian/bin/../libexec/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.7.2/lto-wrapper
Target: arm-linux-gnueabihf
Configured with: /cbuild/slaves/oort61/crosstool-ng/builds/arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian-linux/.b
 uild/src/gcc-linaro-4.7-2012.08/configure --build=i686-build_pc-linux-gnu --host=i686-build_pc-
 linux-gnu --target=arm-linux-gnueabihf --prefix=/cbuild/slaves/oort61/crosstool-ng/builds/arm-l
 inux-gnueabihf-raspbian-linux/install --with-sysroot=/cbuild/slaves/oort61/crosstool-ng/builds/
 arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian-linux/install/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc --enable-languages=c,c++,fo
 rtran --disable-multilib --with-arch=armv6 --with-tune=arm1176jz-s --with-fpu=vfp --with-float=
 hard --with-pkgversion='crosstool-NG linaro-1.13.1+bzr2458 - Linaro GCC 2012.08' --with-bugurl=
 https://bugs.launchpad.net/gcc-linaro --enable-__cxa_atexit --enable-libmudflap --enable-libgom
 p --enable-libssp --with-gmp=/cbuild/slaves/oort61/crosstool-ng/builds/arm-linux-gnueabihf-rasp
 bian-linux/.build/arm-linux-gnueabihf/build/static --with-mpfr=/cbuild/slaves/oort61/crosstool-
 ng/builds/arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian-linux/.build/arm-linux-gnueabihf/build/static --with-mpc
 =/cbuild/slaves/oort61/crosstool-ng/builds/arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian-linux/.build/arm-linux-
 gnueabihf/build/static --with-ppl=/cbuild/slaves/oort61/crosstool-ng/builds/arm-linux-gnueabihf
 -raspbian-linux/.build/arm-linux-gnueabihf/build/static --with-cloog=/cbuild/slaves/oort61/cros
 stool-ng/builds/arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian-linux/.build/arm-linux-gnueabihf/build/static --wi
 th-libelf=/cbuild/slaves/oort61/crosstool-ng/builds/arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian-linux/.build/a
 rm-linux-gnueabihf/build/static --with-host-libstdcxx='-L/cbuild/slaves/oort61/crosstool-ng/bui
 lds/arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian-linux/.build/arm-linux-gnueabihf/build/static/lib -lpwl' --ena
 ble-threads=posix --disable-libstdcxx-pch --enable-linker-build-id --enable-plugin --enable-gol
 d --with-local-prefix=/cbuild/slaves/oort61/crosstool-ng/builds/arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian-li
 nux/install/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc --enable-c99 --enable-long-long
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.7.2 20120731 (prerelease) (crosstool-NG linaro-1.13.1+bzr2458 - Linaro GCC 2012.08
 )
如果我将目录更改为内部bin文件夹,我就能够从终端编译测试程序,而不会出现任何问题

~/tools/arm-bcm2708/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian/
arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin$ g++ test.cpp -o test
然后,我尝试在外部bin文件夹中编译一个测试程序,其中包含这些工具的前缀版本

 ~/tools/arm-bcm2708/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian/bin$ 
 arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++ test.cpp -o test
但是,当我现在尝试使用编译器时(从内部bin目录之外),它无法找到工具链附带的libstdc++共享库:

arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc: error while loading shared libraries: 
libstdc++.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory.
此外,我希望能够使用编译器而不必导航到bin目录。因此,我尝试将外部bin目录(因为我需要前缀版本)和两个lib目录添加到我的路径:

export PATH=$PATH:~/tools/.../bin
export PATH=$PATH:~/tools/.../lib
export PATH=$PATH:~/tools/.../.../lib

但是,这会导致相同的错误。我应该如何“安装”工具链,以便我可以在任何地方使用工具链,就像我使用Ubuntu repo中的交叉编译器一样?

我将试着为您编写一个教程,以便易于理解

注意: 本教程仅适用于较旧的raspbian图像。有关基于Debian Buster的较新Raspbian,请参阅此线程中的以下操作方法:

先决条件 开始之前,您需要确保已安装以下各项:

apt-get install git rsync cmake libc6-i386 lib32z1 lib32stdc++6
让我们交叉编译一个馅饼! 首先在主目录中创建一个名为
raspberrypi
的文件夹

进入此文件夹并下拉您上面提到的整个tools文件夹:

git clone git://github.com/raspberrypi/tools.git
如果我没有读错的话,您希望使用以下三个选项中的一个,
gcc linaro arm linux gnueabihf raspbian

进入您的主目录并添加:

export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/raspberrypi/tools/arm-bcm2708/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian/bin
到名为
~/.bashrc

现在,您可以注销并重新登录(即重新启动终端会话),也可以运行
~/。bashrc
在终端中拾取当前终端会话中添加的
路径

现在,验证您是否可以访问编译器
armlinux gnueabihf gcc-v
。你应该得到这样的东西:

/gcc-linearo-arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian
    /arm-linux-gnueabihf
        /bin
            (contains g++, gcc, etc)
        /lib
            (contains libstdc++ library)
    /bin
        (contains arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++, arm-linux-gnueabihf-...)
    /lib
        (gcc lib stuff)
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/home/tudhalyas/raspberrypi/tools/arm-bcm2708/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian/bin/../libexec/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/4.7.2/lto-wrapper
Target: arm-linux-gnueabihf
Configured with: /cbuild/slaves/oort61/crosstool-ng/builds/arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian-linux/.b
 uild/src/gcc-linaro-4.7-2012.08/configure --build=i686-build_pc-linux-gnu --host=i686-build_pc-
 linux-gnu --target=arm-linux-gnueabihf --prefix=/cbuild/slaves/oort61/crosstool-ng/builds/arm-l
 inux-gnueabihf-raspbian-linux/install --with-sysroot=/cbuild/slaves/oort61/crosstool-ng/builds/
 arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian-linux/install/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc --enable-languages=c,c++,fo
 rtran --disable-multilib --with-arch=armv6 --with-tune=arm1176jz-s --with-fpu=vfp --with-float=
 hard --with-pkgversion='crosstool-NG linaro-1.13.1+bzr2458 - Linaro GCC 2012.08' --with-bugurl=
 https://bugs.launchpad.net/gcc-linaro --enable-__cxa_atexit --enable-libmudflap --enable-libgom
 p --enable-libssp --with-gmp=/cbuild/slaves/oort61/crosstool-ng/builds/arm-linux-gnueabihf-rasp
 bian-linux/.build/arm-linux-gnueabihf/build/static --with-mpfr=/cbuild/slaves/oort61/crosstool-
 ng/builds/arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian-linux/.build/arm-linux-gnueabihf/build/static --with-mpc
 =/cbuild/slaves/oort61/crosstool-ng/builds/arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian-linux/.build/arm-linux-
 gnueabihf/build/static --with-ppl=/cbuild/slaves/oort61/crosstool-ng/builds/arm-linux-gnueabihf
 -raspbian-linux/.build/arm-linux-gnueabihf/build/static --with-cloog=/cbuild/slaves/oort61/cros
 stool-ng/builds/arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian-linux/.build/arm-linux-gnueabihf/build/static --wi
 th-libelf=/cbuild/slaves/oort61/crosstool-ng/builds/arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian-linux/.build/a
 rm-linux-gnueabihf/build/static --with-host-libstdcxx='-L/cbuild/slaves/oort61/crosstool-ng/bui
 lds/arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian-linux/.build/arm-linux-gnueabihf/build/static/lib -lpwl' --ena
 ble-threads=posix --disable-libstdcxx-pch --enable-linker-build-id --enable-plugin --enable-gol
 d --with-local-prefix=/cbuild/slaves/oort61/crosstool-ng/builds/arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian-li
 nux/install/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc --enable-c99 --enable-long-long
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.7.2 20120731 (prerelease) (crosstool-NG linaro-1.13.1+bzr2458 - Linaro GCC 2012.08
 )
但是嘿!我这样做了,但LIB仍然不起作用! 我们还没做完!到目前为止,我们只做了基本的工作

raspberrypi
文件夹中,创建一个名为
rootfs
的文件夹

现在您需要将整个
/lib
/usr
目录复制到这个新创建的文件夹中。我通常会打开rpi映像并通过rsync进行复制:

rsync -rl --delete-after --safe-links pi@192.168.1.PI:/{lib,usr} $HOME/raspberrypi/rootfs
其中,
192.168.1.PI
被树莓PI的IP替换

现在,我们需要编写一个
cmake
config文件。在您喜爱的编辑器中打开
~/home/raspberrypi/pi.cmake
,然后插入以下内容:

SET(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Linux)
SET(CMAKE_SYSTEM_VERSION 1)
SET(CMAKE_C_COMPILER $ENV{HOME}/raspberrypi/tools/arm-bcm2708/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc)
SET(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER $ENV{HOME}/raspberrypi/tools/arm-bcm2708/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++)
SET(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH $ENV{HOME}/raspberrypi/rootfs)
SET(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PROGRAM NEVER)
SET(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_LIBRARY ONLY)
SET(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE ONLY)
现在,只需添加以下额外标志,您就可以编译
cmake
程序:
-D cmake_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=$HOME/raspberrypi/pi.cmake

举个例子:


我无法让编译器(
x64
version)使用
sysroot
,直到我添加了
SET(CMAKE_sysroot$ENV{HOME}/raspberrypi/rootfs)
pi.CMAKE

,我无法使用任何来自git://github.com/raspberrypi/tools.git. 配置脚本不断失败,出现“无法确定体系结构”错误,并且包含目录存在大量路径问题。对我有用的是使用Linaro工具链

结合

未能修复sysroot的符号链接会导致未定义的符号错误,如下所述: 当我尝试tools.git中的FixQualifiedLibraryPath脚本时,我遇到了这种情况。其他所有内容都将在中详细描述。我的配置设置是:

./configure-opengl es2-device linux-rpi3-g++-device option CROSS_COMPILE=/usr/local/rasp/gcc-linaro-4.9-2016.02-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf--sysroot/usr/local/rasp/sysroot-opensource-确认许可证-优化qmake-减少导出-发布-制作libs-prefix/usr/local/qt5pi-hostprefix/usr/local/qt5pi


其中/usr/local/rasp/sysroot是本地Raspberry Pi 3 Raspbian(Jessie)系统副本的路径,/usr/local/qt5pi是交叉编译的QT的路径,也必须复制到设备。请注意,当您选择工具链时,Jessie附带了GCC 4.9.2。

对于Windows主机,我强烈推荐:

  • 下载并安装工具链
  • 将sysroot与RPi include/lib目录同步
  • 编译你的代码
  • 使用将可执行文件拖放到RPi
  • 快跑
不多不少


预构建的GNU工具链可用于覆盆子、Beaglebone、Cubieboard、AVR(Atmel)等

最初的问题很久以前就发布了,同时Debian在多拱支撑领域取得了巨大进展

Multiarch是交叉编译的伟大成就

简而言之,利用multiarch进行Raspbian-Jessie交叉编译需要以下步骤:

  • 在Ubuntu主机上,在chroot或LXC容器中安装Debian Jessie amd64
  • 启用外部架构armhf
  • 从emdebian工具库安装交叉编译器
  • 调整交叉编译器(
    set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_VERSION 1)
    set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Linux)
    set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR arm)
    
    # Custom toolchain-specific definitions for your project
    set(PLATFORM_ARM "1")
    set(PLATFORM_COMPILE_DEFS "COMPILE_GLES")
    
    # There we go!
    # Below, we specify toolchain itself!
    
    set(TARGET_TRIPLE arm-linux-gnueabihf)
    
    # Specify your target rootfs mount point on your compiler host machine
    set(TARGET_ROOTFS /Volumes/rootfs-${TARGET_TRIPLE})
    
    # Specify clang paths
    set(LLVM_DIR /Users/stepan/projects/shared/toolchains/llvm-7.0.darwin-release-x86_64/install)
    set(CLANG ${LLVM_DIR}/bin/clang)
    set(CLANGXX ${LLVM_DIR}/bin/clang++)
    
    # Specify compiler (which is clang)
    set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER   ${CLANG})
    set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER ${CLANGXX})
    
    # Specify binutils
    
    set (CMAKE_AR      "${LLVM_DIR}/bin/llvm-ar" CACHE FILEPATH "Archiver")
    set (CMAKE_LINKER  "${LLVM_DIR}/bin/llvm-ld" CACHE FILEPATH "Linker")
    set (CMAKE_NM      "${LLVM_DIR}/bin/llvm-nm" CACHE FILEPATH "NM")
    set (CMAKE_OBJDUMP "${LLVM_DIR}/bin/llvm-objdump" CACHE FILEPATH "Objdump")
    set (CMAKE_RANLIB  "${LLVM_DIR}/bin/llvm-ranlib" CACHE FILEPATH "ranlib")
    
    # You may use legacy binutils though.
    #set(BINUTILS /usr/local/Cellar/arm-linux-gnueabihf-binutils/2.31.1)
    #set (CMAKE_AR      "${BINUTILS}/bin/${TARGET_TRIPLE}-ar" CACHE FILEPATH "Archiver")
    #set (CMAKE_LINKER  "${BINUTILS}/bin/${TARGET_TRIPLE}-ld" CACHE FILEPATH "Linker")
    #set (CMAKE_NM      "${BINUTILS}/bin/${TARGET_TRIPLE}-nm" CACHE FILEPATH "NM")
    #set (CMAKE_OBJDUMP "${BINUTILS}/bin/${TARGET_TRIPLE}-objdump" CACHE FILEPATH "Objdump")
    #set (CMAKE_RANLIB  "${BINUTILS}/bin/${TARGET_TRIPLE}-ranlib" CACHE FILEPATH "ranlib")
    
    # Specify sysroot (almost same as rootfs)
    set(CMAKE_SYSROOT ${TARGET_ROOTFS})
    set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH ${TARGET_ROOTFS})
    
    # Specify lookup methods for cmake
    set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PROGRAM NEVER)
    set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_LIBRARY ONLY)
    set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE ONLY)
    
    # Sometimes you also need this:
    # set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PACKAGE ONLY)
    
    # Specify raspberry triple
    set(CROSS_FLAGS "--target=${TARGET_TRIPLE}")
    
    # Specify other raspberry related flags
    set(RASP_FLAGS "-D__STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS -D__STDC_LIMIT_MACROS")
    
    # Gather and distribute flags specified at prev steps.
    set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} ${CROSS_FLAGS} ${RASP_FLAGS}")
    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} ${CROSS_FLAGS} ${RASP_FLAGS}")
    
    # Use clang linker. Why?
    # Well, you may install custom arm-linux-gnueabihf binutils,
    # but then, you also need to recompile clang, with customized triple;
    # otherwise clang will try to use host 'ld' for linking,
    # so... use clang linker.
    set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS ${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} -fuse-ld=lld)