C++；：STL排序STL数组的STL向量 下面的C++代码和MaFo文件产生了编译错误（对我来说是不可理解的）。有人能解释一下吗

究竟是什么问题

需要做什么来修复此代码？你能举个例子吗

我在Cygwin的GCC上成功编译了这段代码，所以我甚至不确定我可以信任哪个编译器。我附加了cpp文件（test.cpp）、我的makefile（使用clang，因为GCC错误消息更糟糕）和运行make时的实际错误消息

test.cpp：

#include <array>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include <algorithm>

class Foo
{

    public:

        Foo( 
            const std::vector<std::array<int,3>> inputdata
        );

    private:

        std::vector< std::array<int,2> > membervariable;

};

Foo::Foo( 
    const std::vector<std::array<int,3>> inputdata
)
:
    membervariable( 0 )
{

    /* 1. create all edges, allocate memory */

    membervariable.resize( inputdata.size() * 3 );

    for( int t  = 0; t  < inputdata.size(); t++  )
    for( int ei = 0; ei <                        3; ei++ )
    {
      membervariable[ 0 * inputdata.size() + t ] = { inputdata[t][0], inputdata[t][1] };
      membervariable[ 1 * inputdata.size() + t ] = { inputdata[t][0], inputdata[t][2] };
      membervariable[ 2 * inputdata.size() + t ] = { inputdata[t][1], inputdata[t][2] };
    }

    std::sort( membervariable.begin(), membervariable.end() );

    auto it = std::unique( membervariable.begin(), membervariable.end() );

    membervariable.resize( it - membervariable.begin() );


}

环境创建和叮当版本的输出：

$ make
clang++ -O0 -g -std=c++11 -D_GLIBCXX_DEBUG -D_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDANTIC -pedantic -Wall -Wextra -Wno-unused-variable -Wno-sign-compare -Wno-missing-braces -Wmissing-field-initializers -Werror=implicit test.cpp -c -o test.o
In file included from test.cpp:3:
In file included from /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5.4.0/../../../../include/c++/5.4.0/map:61:
In file included from /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5.4.0/../../../../include/c++/5.4.0/bits/stl_map.h:63:
In file included from /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5.4.0/../../../../include/c++/5.4.0/tuple:39:
In file included from /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5.4.0/../../../../include/c++/5.4.0/array:338:
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5.4.0/../../../../include/c++/5.4.0/debug/array:86:52: error: too many arguments to function call, expected
      single argument '__other', have 2 arguments
      noexcept(noexcept(swap(std::declval<_Tp&>(), std::declval<_Tp&>())))
                        ~~~~                       ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5.4.0/../../../../include/c++/5.4.0/debug/array:264:23: note: in instantiation of exception specification for
      'swap' requested here
    noexcept(noexcept(__one.swap(__two)))
                      ^
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5.4.0/../../../../include/c++/5.4.0/bits/stl_algobase.h:148:7: note: in instantiation of exception
      specification for 'swap<int, 2>' requested here
      swap(*__a, *__b);
      ^
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5.4.0/../../../../include/c++/5.4.0/bits/stl_algo.h:84:11: note: in instantiation of function template
      specialization 'std::iter_swap<__gnu_debug::_Safe_iterator<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::__debug::array<int, 2> *,
      std::__cxx1998::vector<std::__debug::array<int, 2>, std::allocator<std::__debug::array<int, 2> > > >,
      std::__debug::vector<std::__debug::array<int, 2>, std::allocator<std::__debug::array<int, 2> > > >,
      __gnu_debug::_Safe_iterator<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::__debug::array<int, 2> *, std::__cxx1998::vector<std::__debug::array<int, 2>,
      std::allocator<std::__debug::array<int, 2> > > >, std::__debug::vector<std::__debug::array<int, 2>, std::allocator<std::__debug::array<int,
      2> > > > >' requested here
            std::iter_swap(__result, __b);
                ^
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5.4.0/../../../../include/c++/5.4.0/bits/stl_algo.h:1916:12: note: in instantiation of function template
      specialization 'std::__move_median_to_first<__gnu_debug::_Safe_iterator<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::__debug::array<int, 2> *,
      std::__cxx1998::vector<std::__debug::array<int, 2>, std::allocator<std::__debug::array<int, 2> > > >,
      std::__debug::vector<std::__debug::array<int, 2>, std::allocator<std::__debug::array<int, 2> > > >, __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Iter_less_iter>'
      requested here
      std::__move_median_to_first(__first, __first + 1, __mid, __last - 1,
          ^
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5.4.0/../../../../include/c++/5.4.0/bits/stl_algo.h:1948:11: note: in instantiation of function template
      specialization 'std::__unguarded_partition_pivot<__gnu_debug::_Safe_iterator<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::__debug::array<int, 2> *,
      std::__cxx1998::vector<std::__debug::array<int, 2>, std::allocator<std::__debug::array<int, 2> > > >,
      std::__debug::vector<std::__debug::array<int, 2>, std::allocator<std::__debug::array<int, 2> > > >, __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Iter_less_iter>'
      requested here
            std::__unguarded_partition_pivot(__first, __last, __comp);
                ^
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5.4.0/../../../../include/c++/5.4.0/bits/stl_algo.h:1963:9: note: in instantiation of function template
      specialization 'std::__introsort_loop<__gnu_debug::_Safe_iterator<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::__debug::array<int, 2> *,
      std::__cxx1998::vector<std::__debug::array<int, 2>, std::allocator<std::__debug::array<int, 2> > > >,
      std::__debug::vector<std::__debug::array<int, 2>, std::allocator<std::__debug::array<int, 2> > > >, long,
      __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Iter_less_iter>' requested here
          std::__introsort_loop(__first, __last,
              ^
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5.4.0/../../../../include/c++/5.4.0/bits/stl_algo.h:4698:12: note: in instantiation of function template
      specialization 'std::__sort<__gnu_debug::_Safe_iterator<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::__debug::array<int, 2> *,
      std::__cxx1998::vector<std::__debug::array<int, 2>, std::allocator<std::__debug::array<int, 2> > > >,
      std::__debug::vector<std::__debug::array<int, 2>, std::allocator<std::__debug::array<int, 2> > > >, __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Iter_less_iter>'
      requested here
      std::__sort(__first, __last, __gnu_cxx::__ops::__iter_less_iter());
          ^
test.cpp:40:10: note: in instantiation of function template specialization
      'std::sort<__gnu_debug::_Safe_iterator<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::__debug::array<int, 2> *,
      std::__cxx1998::vector<std::__debug::array<int, 2>, std::allocator<std::__debug::array<int, 2> > > >,
      std::__debug::vector<std::__debug::array<int, 2>, std::allocator<std::__debug::array<int, 2> > > > >' requested here
    std::sort( membervariable.begin(), membervariable.end() );
        ^
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5.4.0/../../../../include/c++/5.4.0/debug/array:84:7: note: 'swap' declared here
      void
      ^
1 error generated.
makefile:6: recipe for target 'test.o' failed
make: *** [test.o] Error 1
$ clang++ --version
clang version 3.8.0-2ubuntu4 (tags/RELEASE_380/final)
Target: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /usr/bin
$

$make
clang++-O0-g-std=c++11-D_GLIBCXX_DEBUG-D_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDANTIC-PEDANTIC-Wall-Wextra-Wno未使用变量-Wno符号比较-Wno缺少大括号-Wmissing字段初始值设定项-Werror=implicit test.cpp-c-o test.o
在test.cpp中包含的文件中：3:
在/usr/bin/./lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5.4.0/../../../../../../../include/c++/5.4.0/map:61中包含的文件中：
在/usr/bin/./lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5.4.0/../../../../../../../include/c++/5.4.0/bits/stl_-map.h:63中包含的文件中：
在/usr/bin/./lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5.4.0/../../../../../../../include/c++/5.4.0/tuple:39中包含的文件中：
在/usr/bin/./lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5.4.0/../../../../../../include/c++/5.4.0/array:338中包含的文件中：
/usr/bin/./lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5.4.0/../../../../../../../../include/c++/5.4.0/debug/array:86:52:错误：函数调用的参数太多，应为
单个参数“\uuu other”有两个参数
noexcept（noexcept（swap（std:：declval（），std:：declval（）））
~~~~                       ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/bin/./lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5.4.0/../../../../../../../include/c++/5.4.0/debug/array:264:23:注意：在
此处请求“交换”
noexcept（noexcept（_-one.swap（_-two）））
^
/usr/bin/./lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5.4.0/../../../../../../../../include/c++/5.4.0/bits/stl_algobase.h:148:7:注意：在异常的实例化中
此处要求的“交换”规范
掉期（*uuuuu a，*\uuuuu b）；
^
/usr/bin/./lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5.4.0/../../../../../../../../include/c++/5.4.0/bits/stl_algo.h:84:11:注意：在函数模板的实例化中
此处请求专门化“std:：iter\U交换”
标准：国际热核实验堆交换（结果，b）；
^
/usr/bin/./lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5.4.0/../../../../../../../../include/c++/5.4.0/bits/stl_algo.h:1916:12:注意：在函数模板的实例化中
专业化“标准：：u移动_中间值_至_优先”
在此请求
标准：：uuu移动中位数到第一（uu第一，uu第一+1，uu中间，uu最后-1，
^
/usr/bin/./lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5.4.0/../../../../../../../../include/c++/5.4.0/bits/stl_algo.h:1948:11:注意：在函数模板的实例化中
专门化'std:：__无防护_分区_轴'
在此请求
标准：：uuu无防护分区u轴（uuu第一，最后，复合）；
^
/usr/bin/./lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5.4.0/../../../../../../../../include/c++/5.4.0/bits/stl_algo.h:1963:9:注意：在函数模板的实例化中
此处请求专门化“std:：_introsort_loop”
std:：\uuuuu introsort\u循环（\uuuuu first，\uuuuu last，
^
/usr/bin/./lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5.4.0/../../../../../../../../include/c++/5.4.0/bits/stl_algo.h:4698:12:注意：在函数模板的实例化中
专门化“标准：：u排序”
在此请求
std:：uuu排序（uuu first，_uuulast，_uuugnu cxx:：uuu ops:：uuu iter less iter（））；
^
test.cpp:40:10:注意：在函数模板专门化的实例化中
此处请求“std:：sort”
排序（membervariable.begin（），membervariable.end（））；
^
/usr/bin/./lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5.4.0/../../../../../../../include/c++/5.4.0/debug/array:84:7:注意：此处声明了“交换”
无效的
^
生成1个错误。
makefile:6:目标“test.o”的配方失败
make:**[test.o]错误1
$clang++--版本
clang版本3.8.0-2ubuntu4（标签/发行版/最终版）
目标：x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
线程模型：posix
已安装dir:/usr/bin
$

问题中显示的错误消息与GCC的标准库完全实现的标准（）中的错误有关。GCC的编译器没有用生成的代码诊断问题（否则该错误早就被发现了），但您使用的clang版本确实如此。IIRC clang后来添加了一个特殊的hack，允许编译此特定用法，因此“修复”是使用较新版本的GCC或较新版本的Clang或两者都使用。

您的代码太长了。只显示重要的部分。请也粘贴GCC错误消息。Clang的错误消息与您的代码无关。感谢您提供了这一有用的答案。我尝试使用Clang-6.0和（IIRC）编译代码gcc-7.2，生成错误消息。可以给我一个示例编译器（版本）哪一个编译了代码？我只是在讨论您发布的错误消息所揭示的特定问题。我不能讨论我没有看到的错误消息。尽管如此，一个明显的潜在问题是您没有包含

。我没有看到任何其他错误消息（在上面的示例中）和生成对象文件。

一定是在编写过程中丢失的。我想知道是否有人阅读了这篇文章，可以在自己的系统中将上面的代码片段生成一个对象文件。尽管如此，在最近的一段代码中添加

-fno expetions

似乎可以避免编译错误。

$ make
clang++ -O0 -g -std=c++11 -D_GLIBCXX_DEBUG -D_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDANTIC -pedantic -Wall -Wextra -Wno-unused-variable -Wno-sign-compare -Wno-missing-braces -Wmissing-field-initializers -Werror=implicit test.cpp -c -o test.o
In file included from test.cpp:3:
In file included from /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5.4.0/../../../../include/c++/5.4.0/map:61:
In file included from /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5.4.0/../../../../include/c++/5.4.0/bits/stl_map.h:63:
In file included from /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5.4.0/../../../../include/c++/5.4.0/tuple:39:
In file included from /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5.4.0/../../../../include/c++/5.4.0/array:338:
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5.4.0/../../../../include/c++/5.4.0/debug/array:86:52: error: too many arguments to function call, expected
      single argument '__other', have 2 arguments
      noexcept(noexcept(swap(std::declval<_Tp&>(), std::declval<_Tp&>())))
                        ~~~~                       ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5.4.0/../../../../include/c++/5.4.0/debug/array:264:23: note: in instantiation of exception specification for
      'swap' requested here
    noexcept(noexcept(__one.swap(__two)))
                      ^
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5.4.0/../../../../include/c++/5.4.0/bits/stl_algobase.h:148:7: note: in instantiation of exception
      specification for 'swap<int, 2>' requested here
      swap(*__a, *__b);
      ^
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5.4.0/../../../../include/c++/5.4.0/bits/stl_algo.h:84:11: note: in instantiation of function template
      specialization 'std::iter_swap<__gnu_debug::_Safe_iterator<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::__debug::array<int, 2> *,
      std::__cxx1998::vector<std::__debug::array<int, 2>, std::allocator<std::__debug::array<int, 2> > > >,
      std::__debug::vector<std::__debug::array<int, 2>, std::allocator<std::__debug::array<int, 2> > > >,
      __gnu_debug::_Safe_iterator<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::__debug::array<int, 2> *, std::__cxx1998::vector<std::__debug::array<int, 2>,
      std::allocator<std::__debug::array<int, 2> > > >, std::__debug::vector<std::__debug::array<int, 2>, std::allocator<std::__debug::array<int,
      2> > > > >' requested here
            std::iter_swap(__result, __b);
                ^
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5.4.0/../../../../include/c++/5.4.0/bits/stl_algo.h:1916:12: note: in instantiation of function template
      specialization 'std::__move_median_to_first<__gnu_debug::_Safe_iterator<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::__debug::array<int, 2> *,
      std::__cxx1998::vector<std::__debug::array<int, 2>, std::allocator<std::__debug::array<int, 2> > > >,
      std::__debug::vector<std::__debug::array<int, 2>, std::allocator<std::__debug::array<int, 2> > > >, __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Iter_less_iter>'
      requested here
      std::__move_median_to_first(__first, __first + 1, __mid, __last - 1,
          ^
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5.4.0/../../../../include/c++/5.4.0/bits/stl_algo.h:1948:11: note: in instantiation of function template
      specialization 'std::__unguarded_partition_pivot<__gnu_debug::_Safe_iterator<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::__debug::array<int, 2> *,
      std::__cxx1998::vector<std::__debug::array<int, 2>, std::allocator<std::__debug::array<int, 2> > > >,
      std::__debug::vector<std::__debug::array<int, 2>, std::allocator<std::__debug::array<int, 2> > > >, __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Iter_less_iter>'
      requested here
            std::__unguarded_partition_pivot(__first, __last, __comp);
                ^
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5.4.0/../../../../include/c++/5.4.0/bits/stl_algo.h:1963:9: note: in instantiation of function template
      specialization 'std::__introsort_loop<__gnu_debug::_Safe_iterator<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::__debug::array<int, 2> *,
      std::__cxx1998::vector<std::__debug::array<int, 2>, std::allocator<std::__debug::array<int, 2> > > >,
      std::__debug::vector<std::__debug::array<int, 2>, std::allocator<std::__debug::array<int, 2> > > >, long,
      __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Iter_less_iter>' requested here
          std::__introsort_loop(__first, __last,
              ^
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5.4.0/../../../../include/c++/5.4.0/bits/stl_algo.h:4698:12: note: in instantiation of function template
      specialization 'std::__sort<__gnu_debug::_Safe_iterator<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::__debug::array<int, 2> *,
      std::__cxx1998::vector<std::__debug::array<int, 2>, std::allocator<std::__debug::array<int, 2> > > >,
      std::__debug::vector<std::__debug::array<int, 2>, std::allocator<std::__debug::array<int, 2> > > >, __gnu_cxx::__ops::_Iter_less_iter>'
      requested here
      std::__sort(__first, __last, __gnu_cxx::__ops::__iter_less_iter());
          ^
test.cpp:40:10: note: in instantiation of function template specialization
      'std::sort<__gnu_debug::_Safe_iterator<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::__debug::array<int, 2> *,
      std::__cxx1998::vector<std::__debug::array<int, 2>, std::allocator<std::__debug::array<int, 2> > > >,
      std::__debug::vector<std::__debug::array<int, 2>, std::allocator<std::__debug::array<int, 2> > > > >' requested here
    std::sort( membervariable.begin(), membervariable.end() );
        ^
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5.4.0/../../../../include/c++/5.4.0/debug/array:84:7: note: 'swap' declared here
      void
      ^
1 error generated.
makefile:6: recipe for target 'test.o' failed
make: *** [test.o] Error 1
$ clang++ --version
clang version 3.8.0-2ubuntu4 (tags/RELEASE_380/final)
Target: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /usr/bin
$