C++ 为什么GCC 7.2 libstdc++；在CentOS 7上选择ABI？

我试图在CentOS 7上用GCC 7.2.1编译一个简单的程序。找到后，我使用以下命令在新的Docker CentOS映像上安装了

g++

：

$ yum install centos-release-scl-rh
$ yum install devtoolset-7-gcc-c++
$ ln -s /opt/rh/devtoolset-7/root/usr/bin/g++ /usr/local/bin/g++

确认安装：

$ g++ -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=g++
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/opt/rh/devtoolset-7/root/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/7/lto-wrapper
Target: x86_64-redhat-linux
Configured with: ../configure --enable-bootstrap --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,lto --prefix=/opt/rh/devtoolset-7/root/usr --mandir=/opt/rh/devtoolset-7/root/usr/share/man --infodir=/opt/rh/devtoolset-7/root/usr/share/info --with-bugurl=http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --enable-checking=release --enable-multilib --with-system-zlib --enable-__cxa_atexit --disable-libunwind-exceptions --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-linker-build-id --with-gcc-major-version-only --enable-plugin --with-linker-hash-style=gnu --enable-initfini-array --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=gcc4-compatible --with-isl=/builddir/build/BUILD/gcc-7.2.1-20170829/obj-x86_64-redhat-linux/isl-install --enable-libmpx --enable-gnu-indirect-function --with-tune=generic --with-arch_32=i686 --build=x86_64-redhat-linux
Thread model: posix
gcc version 7.2.1 20170829 (Red Hat 7.2.1-1) (GCC) 

正在尝试编译程序：

// main.cpp
#include <string>
#include <iterator>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    std::string foo {"hello world10m"};
    foo.erase(std::find(std::cbegin(foo), std::cend(foo), '1'), std::cend(foo));
    std::cout << foo << std::endl;
}

给出以下编译器错误：

main.cpp: In function 'int main()':
main.cpp:9:79: error: no matching function for call to 'std::basic_string<char>::erase(__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<const char*, std::basic_string<char> >, std::basic_string<char>::const_iterator)'
     foo.erase(std::find(std::cbegin(foo), std::cend(foo), '1'), std::cend(foo));
                                                                               ^
In file included from /opt/rh/devtoolset-7/root/usr/include/c++/7/string:52:0,
                 from main.cpp:1:
/opt/rh/devtoolset-7/root/usr/include/c++/7/bits/basic_string.h:4476:7: note: candidate: std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::erase(std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::size_type, std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::size_type) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; _Alloc = std::allocator<char>; std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::size_type = long unsigned int]
       erase(size_type __pos = 0, size_type __n = npos)
       ^~~~~
/opt/rh/devtoolset-7/root/usr/include/c++/7/bits/basic_string.h:4476:7: note:   no known conversion for argument 1 from '__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<const char*, std::basic_string<char> >' to 'std::basic_string<char>::size_type {aka long unsigned int}'
/opt/rh/devtoolset-7/root/usr/include/c++/7/bits/basic_string.h:4492:7: note: candidate: std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::iterator std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::erase(std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::iterator) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; _Alloc = std::allocator<char>; std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::iterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<char*, std::basic_string<char> >; typename _Alloc::rebind<_CharT>::other::pointer = char*]
       erase(iterator __position)
       ^~~~~
/opt/rh/devtoolset-7/root/usr/include/c++/7/bits/basic_string.h:4492:7: note:   candidate expects 1 argument, 2 provided
/opt/rh/devtoolset-7/root/usr/include/c++/7/bits/basic_string.h:4512:7: note: candidate: std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::iterator std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::erase(std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::iterator, std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::iterator) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; _Alloc = std::allocator<char>; std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::iterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<char*, std::basic_string<char> >; typename _Alloc::rebind<_CharT>::other::pointer = char*]
       erase(iterator __first, iterator __last);
       ^~~~~
/opt/rh/devtoolset-7/root/usr/include/c++/7/bits/basic_string.h:4512:7: note:   no known conversion for argument 1 from '__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<const char*, std::basic_string<char> >' to 'std::basic_string<char>::iterator {aka __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<char*, std::basic_string<char> >}'

main.cpp:在函数“int main（）”中：
main.cpp:9:79:错误：调用“std:：basic_string:：erase（_gnu_cxx:：_normal_迭代器，std:：basic_string:：const_迭代器）”时没有匹配的函数
擦除（std:：find（std:：cbegin（foo），std:：cend（foo），'1'），std:：cend（foo））；
^
在/opt/rh/devtoolset-7/root/usr/include/c++/7/string:52:0中包含的文件中，
来自main.cpp:1：
/opt/rh/devtoolset-7/root/usr/include/c++/7/bits/basic_string.h:4476:7：注：候选：std:：basic_string&std:：basic_string:：erase（std:：basic_string:：size_type，std:：basic_string:：size_type）[带字符；_Traits=std:：char Traits；_Alloc=std:：分配器；std:：basic_string:：size_type=long unsigned int]
擦除（大小\类型\位置=0，大小\类型\ n=NPO）
^~~~~
/opt/rh/devtoolset-7/root/usr/include/c++/7/bits/basic_string.h:4476:7：注意：参数1从“u gnu_cxx:：u normal_迭代器”到“std:：basic_string:：size_type{aka long unsigned int}”没有已知的转换
/opt/rh/devtoolset-7/root/usr/include/c++/7/bits/basic_string.h:4492:7：注意：候选：std:：basic_string:：iterator std:：basic_string:：erase（std:：basic_string:：iterator）[with(with)CharT=char；_Traits=std:：char_Traits；_Alloc=std:：分配器；std:：basic_string:：iterator=_gnu_cxx:：：_normal_迭代器；typename _Alloc:：rebind:：other:：pointer=char*]
擦除（迭代器位置）
^~~~~
/opt/rh/devtoolset-7/root/usr/include/c++/7/bits/basic_string.h:4492:7:注意：候选者需要1个参数，提供2个
/opt/rh/devtoolset-7/root/usr/include/c++/7/bits/basic_string.h:4512:7：注：候选：std:：basic_string:：iterator std:：basic_string:：erase（std:：basic_string:：iterator，std:：basic_string:：iterator）[with(with)CharT=char；_Traits=std:：char_Traits；_Alloc=std:：分配器；std:：basic_string:：iterator=_gnu_cxx:：：_normal_迭代器；typename _Alloc:：rebind:：other:：pointer=char*]
擦除（首先是迭代器，最后是迭代器）；
^~~~~
/opt/rh/devtoolset-7/root/usr/include/c++/7/bits/basic_string.h:4512:7：注意：参数1从“u gnu cxx:：u normal_iterator”到“std:：basic_string:：iterator{aka u gnu_cxx:：u normal iterator}”没有已知的转换

---

据我所知，选择的是错误的。这个例子在Ubuntu 16上编译得很好。发生了什么事？

如前所述，devtoolset-7附带的gcc版本似乎默认忽略了RHEL6和7下的_GLIBCXX_USE_cx11_ABI标志。该行为可能已转发给centos。

如果是ABI问题，linker会抱怨的，不是编译器。可能是其他一些隐秘的内部错误。这一个看起来不错。你的

g++-v

？它可能是默认使用旧ABI构建的。@T.C.添加。我想问题是

——默认libstdcxx ABI=gcc4兼容

位？为什么这会设置为

gcc

7？因为但是，yum软件包认为默认使用旧的ABI是一个好主意。如果需要新的ABI，那么可以定义需要它的宏，或者构建自己的GCC。@不可计算libstdc++的旧的

std:：string

实现，包括这个实现。有关问题，请参阅extra GCC/g++7.3，请参阅。。。。（编译后的代码将取决于

libstdc++.so.6->libstdc++.so.6.0.24

）。

main.cpp: In function 'int main()':
main.cpp:9:79: error: no matching function for call to 'std::basic_string<char>::erase(__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<const char*, std::basic_string<char> >, std::basic_string<char>::const_iterator)'
     foo.erase(std::find(std::cbegin(foo), std::cend(foo), '1'), std::cend(foo));
                                                                               ^
In file included from /opt/rh/devtoolset-7/root/usr/include/c++/7/string:52:0,
                 from main.cpp:1:
/opt/rh/devtoolset-7/root/usr/include/c++/7/bits/basic_string.h:4476:7: note: candidate: std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::erase(std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::size_type, std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::size_type) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; _Alloc = std::allocator<char>; std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::size_type = long unsigned int]
       erase(size_type __pos = 0, size_type __n = npos)
       ^~~~~
/opt/rh/devtoolset-7/root/usr/include/c++/7/bits/basic_string.h:4476:7: note:   no known conversion for argument 1 from '__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<const char*, std::basic_string<char> >' to 'std::basic_string<char>::size_type {aka long unsigned int}'
/opt/rh/devtoolset-7/root/usr/include/c++/7/bits/basic_string.h:4492:7: note: candidate: std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::iterator std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::erase(std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::iterator) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; _Alloc = std::allocator<char>; std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::iterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<char*, std::basic_string<char> >; typename _Alloc::rebind<_CharT>::other::pointer = char*]
       erase(iterator __position)
       ^~~~~
/opt/rh/devtoolset-7/root/usr/include/c++/7/bits/basic_string.h:4492:7: note:   candidate expects 1 argument, 2 provided
/opt/rh/devtoolset-7/root/usr/include/c++/7/bits/basic_string.h:4512:7: note: candidate: std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::iterator std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::erase(std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::iterator, std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::iterator) [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; _Alloc = std::allocator<char>; std::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::iterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<char*, std::basic_string<char> >; typename _Alloc::rebind<_CharT>::other::pointer = char*]
       erase(iterator __first, iterator __last);
       ^~~~~
/opt/rh/devtoolset-7/root/usr/include/c++/7/bits/basic_string.h:4512:7: note:   no known conversion for argument 1 from '__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<const char*, std::basic_string<char> >' to 'std::basic_string<char>::iterator {aka __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<char*, std::basic_string<char> >}'