C# SQL Server:ADO.Net GetUpdateCommand和ok with PK在添加另一个聚集唯一索引后失败

我有这样一个带有非聚集主键的表：

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[StudentGrade](
    [EnrollmentID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
    [CourseID] [nvarchar](10) NOT NULL,
    [StudentID] [int] NOT NULL,
    [Grade] [decimal](3, 2) NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT [PK_StudentGrade] PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED ([EnrollmentID] ASC))

select语句是：

select EnrollmentID,Grade from StudentGrade

GetUpdateCommand工作正常，可以识别非集群主键

添加另一个聚集唯一索引时（在两列上，甚至不是select子句的一部分）：

GetUpdateCommand失败，出现以下异常：

System.InvalidOperationException: Dynamic SQL generation for the
UpdateCommand is not supported against a SelectCommand that does not return
any key column information.

如果索引不是唯一的或不是聚集的，则不存在错误

与描述元数据的主键相比，似乎更倾向于使用聚集唯一索引。如果存在多个候选键（pk/unique索引），则不会尝试使用查询中包含所有列的候选键

这是预期的行为吗？除了选择索引列或明确更新命令之外，还有什么简单的修复方法吗

为了提高性能，我需要使用这个聚集索引，主键在查询中并不常用

看起来聚集唯一索引是首选的索引 用于描述元数据的主键

是的，这是问题的关键。您可以使用。在只有非聚集主键的情况下，EnrolmentID列是标识为“is_part_of_unique_key”的列：

在复合自然键列上添加唯一聚集索引后，CourseID和StudentID成为客户端API首选的唯一键。这些作为隐藏的元数据列返回，标记为“is_part_of_unique_key”：

唯一聚集索引是首选的，因为它是用于单例查询的最有效的键。这意味着客户机需要

SELECT

查询返回的键值，以便自动生成的CRUD语句正常工作

有几个选项可以避免将自然键列添加到select查询中。一种方法是使用封装查询的

view\u METADATA

选项创建视图，并在代码中使用该选项，而不是直接在表中使用该选项：

CREATE VIEW vw_StudentGrade
WITH VIEW_METADATA
AS
SELECT EnrollmentID, Grade from StudentGrade;

然后，元数据被限制为视图返回的列，因此即使有唯一聚集索引（或唯一约束），也会将

EnrollmentID

识别为唯一键列：

EXEC sp_describe_first_result_set
      @tsql = N'SELECT EnrollmentID,Grade FROM vw_StudentGrade'
    , @params = NULL
    , @browse_information_mode = 1;

+-----------+----------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+------------------+------------+-----------+-------+----------------+--------------+--------------------+------------------+----------------+------------------------------+-------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+-----------------+-------------------+--------------------------+---------------+-----------------+---------------+-----------------+---------------+--------------------+-----------------------+---------------+--------------------+----------------------+--------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+-------------+------------+------------------+-----------------------+
| is_hidden | column_ordinal |     name     | is_nullable | system_type_id | system_type_name | max_length | precision | scale | collation_name | user_type_id | user_type_database | user_type_schema | user_type_name | assembly_qualified_type_name | xml_collection_id | xml_collection_database | xml_collection_schema | xml_collection_name | is_xml_document | is_case_sensitive | is_fixed_length_clr_type | source_server | source_database | source_schema |  source_table   | source_column | is_identity_column | is_part_of_unique_key | is_updateable | is_computed_column | is_sparse_column_set | ordinal_in_order_by_list | order_by_is_descending | order_by_list_length | tds_type_id | tds_length | tds_collation_id | tds_collation_sort_id |
+-----------+----------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+------------------+------------+-----------+-------+----------------+--------------+--------------------+------------------+----------------+------------------------------+-------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+-----------------+-------------------+--------------------------+---------------+-----------------+---------------+-----------------+---------------+--------------------+-----------------------+---------------+--------------------+----------------------+--------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+-------------+------------+------------------+-----------------------+
|         0 |              1 | EnrollmentID |           0 |             56 | int              |          4 |        10 |     0 | NULL           | NULL         | NULL               | NULL             | NULL           | NULL                         | NULL              | NULL                    | NULL                  | NULL                |               0 |                 0 |                        0 | NULL          | tempdb          | dbo           | vw_StudentGrade | EnrollmentID  |                  1 |                     1 |             0 |                  0 |                    0 | NULL                     | NULL                   | NULL                 |          56 |          4 | NULL             | NULL                  |
|         0 |              2 | Grade        |           0 |            106 | decimal(3,2)     |          5 |         3 |     2 | NULL           | NULL         | NULL               | NULL             | NULL           | NULL                         | NULL              | NULL                    | NULL                  | NULL                |               0 |                 0 |                        0 | NULL          | tempdb          | dbo           | vw_StudentGrade | Grade         |                  0 |                     0 |             1 |                  0 |                    0 | NULL                     | NULL                   | NULL                 |         106 |         17 | NULL             | NULL                  |
+-----------+----------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+------------------+------------+-----------+-------+----------------+--------------+--------------------+------------------+----------------+------------------------------+-------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+-----------------+-------------------+--------------------------+---------------+-----------------+---------------+-----------------+---------------+--------------------+-----------------------+---------------+--------------------+----------------------+--------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+-------------+------------+------------------+-----------------------+

另一个选项是手动创建

UpdateCommand

，而不是使用

CommandBuilder

。这将为您提供完全控制权，以便您可以在

WHERE

子句中使用

EnrollmentID

，而不考虑返回的元数据

+-----------+----------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+------------------+------------+-----------+-------+------------------------------+--------------+--------------------+------------------+----------------+------------------------------+-------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+-----------------+-------------------+--------------------------+---------------+-----------------+---------------+--------------+---------------+--------------------+-----------------------+---------------+--------------------+----------------------+--------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+-------------+------------+------------------+-----------------------+
| is_hidden | column_ordinal |     name     | is_nullable | system_type_id | system_type_name | max_length | precision | scale |        collation_name        | user_type_id | user_type_database | user_type_schema | user_type_name | assembly_qualified_type_name | xml_collection_id | xml_collection_database | xml_collection_schema | xml_collection_name | is_xml_document | is_case_sensitive | is_fixed_length_clr_type | source_server | source_database | source_schema | source_table | source_column | is_identity_column | is_part_of_unique_key | is_updateable | is_computed_column | is_sparse_column_set | ordinal_in_order_by_list | order_by_is_descending | order_by_list_length | tds_type_id | tds_length | tds_collation_id | tds_collation_sort_id |
+-----------+----------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+------------------+------------+-----------+-------+------------------------------+--------------+--------------------+------------------+----------------+------------------------------+-------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+-----------------+-------------------+--------------------------+---------------+-----------------+---------------+--------------+---------------+--------------------+-----------------------+---------------+--------------------+----------------------+--------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+-------------+------------+------------------+-----------------------+
|         0 |              1 | EnrollmentID |           0 |             56 | int              |          4 |        10 |     0 | NULL                         | NULL         | NULL               | NULL             | NULL           | NULL                         | NULL              | NULL                    | NULL                  | NULL                |               0 |                 0 |                        0 | NULL          | tempdb          | dbo           | StudentGrade | EnrollmentID  |                  1 |                     0 |             0 |                  0 |                    0 | NULL                     | NULL                   | NULL                 |          56 |          4 | NULL             | NULL                  |
|         0 |              2 | Grade        |           0 |            106 | decimal(3,2)     |          5 |         3 |     2 | NULL                         | NULL         | NULL               | NULL             | NULL           | NULL                         | NULL              | NULL                    | NULL                  | NULL                |               0 |                 0 |                        0 | NULL          | tempdb          | dbo           | StudentGrade | Grade         |                  0 |                     0 |             1 |                  0 |                    0 | NULL                     | NULL                   | NULL                 |         106 |         17 | NULL             | NULL                  |
|         1 |              3 | CourseID     |           0 |            231 | nvarchar(10)     |         20 |         0 |     0 | SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS | NULL         | NULL               | NULL             | NULL           | NULL                         | NULL              | NULL                    | NULL                  | NULL                |               0 |                 0 |                        0 | NULL          | tempdb          | dbo           | StudentGrade | CourseID      |                  0 |                     1 |             1 |                  0 |                    0 | NULL                     | NULL                   | NULL                 |         231 |         20 | 13632521         | 52                    |
|         1 |              4 | StudentID    |           0 |             56 | int              |          4 |        10 |     0 | NULL                         | NULL         | NULL               | NULL             | NULL           | NULL                         | NULL              | NULL                    | NULL                  | NULL                |               0 |                 0 |                        0 | NULL          | tempdb          | dbo           | StudentGrade | StudentID     |                  0 |                     1 |             1 |                  0 |                    0 | NULL                     | NULL                   | NULL                 |          56 |          4 | NULL             | NULL                  |
+-----------+----------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+------------------+------------+-----------+-------+------------------------------+--------------+--------------------+------------------+----------------+------------------------------+-------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+-----------------+-------------------+--------------------------+---------------+-----------------+---------------+--------------+---------------+--------------------+-----------------------+---------------+--------------------+----------------------+--------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+-------------+------------+------------------+-----------------------+

CREATE VIEW vw_StudentGrade
WITH VIEW_METADATA
AS
SELECT EnrollmentID, Grade from StudentGrade;

EXEC sp_describe_first_result_set
      @tsql = N'SELECT EnrollmentID,Grade FROM vw_StudentGrade'
    , @params = NULL
    , @browse_information_mode = 1;

+-----------+----------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+------------------+------------+-----------+-------+----------------+--------------+--------------------+------------------+----------------+------------------------------+-------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+-----------------+-------------------+--------------------------+---------------+-----------------+---------------+-----------------+---------------+--------------------+-----------------------+---------------+--------------------+----------------------+--------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+-------------+------------+------------------+-----------------------+
| is_hidden | column_ordinal |     name     | is_nullable | system_type_id | system_type_name | max_length | precision | scale | collation_name | user_type_id | user_type_database | user_type_schema | user_type_name | assembly_qualified_type_name | xml_collection_id | xml_collection_database | xml_collection_schema | xml_collection_name | is_xml_document | is_case_sensitive | is_fixed_length_clr_type | source_server | source_database | source_schema |  source_table   | source_column | is_identity_column | is_part_of_unique_key | is_updateable | is_computed_column | is_sparse_column_set | ordinal_in_order_by_list | order_by_is_descending | order_by_list_length | tds_type_id | tds_length | tds_collation_id | tds_collation_sort_id |
+-----------+----------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+------------------+------------+-----------+-------+----------------+--------------+--------------------+------------------+----------------+------------------------------+-------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+-----------------+-------------------+--------------------------+---------------+-----------------+---------------+-----------------+---------------+--------------------+-----------------------+---------------+--------------------+----------------------+--------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+-------------+------------+------------------+-----------------------+
|         0 |              1 | EnrollmentID |           0 |             56 | int              |          4 |        10 |     0 | NULL           | NULL         | NULL               | NULL             | NULL           | NULL                         | NULL              | NULL                    | NULL                  | NULL                |               0 |                 0 |                        0 | NULL          | tempdb          | dbo           | vw_StudentGrade | EnrollmentID  |                  1 |                     1 |             0 |                  0 |                    0 | NULL                     | NULL                   | NULL                 |          56 |          4 | NULL             | NULL                  |
|         0 |              2 | Grade        |           0 |            106 | decimal(3,2)     |          5 |         3 |     2 | NULL           | NULL         | NULL               | NULL             | NULL           | NULL                         | NULL              | NULL                    | NULL                  | NULL                |               0 |                 0 |                        0 | NULL          | tempdb          | dbo           | vw_StudentGrade | Grade         |                  0 |                     0 |             1 |                  0 |                    0 | NULL                     | NULL                   | NULL                 |         106 |         17 | NULL             | NULL                  |
+-----------+----------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+------------------+------------+-----------+-------+----------------+--------------+--------------------+------------------+----------------+------------------------------+-------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------+---------------------+-----------------+-------------------+--------------------------+---------------+-----------------+---------------+-----------------+---------------+--------------------+-----------------------+---------------+--------------------+----------------------+--------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+-------------+------------+------------------+-----------------------+