IntegrityError:列“中的空值”；“用户id”；违反NOTNULL约束（Django Rest框架）

我是Django Rest框架的新手，我遇到了一个完整性错误，我正试图解决这个错误

简介：我有两种型号

患者
和
胚胎
。Patient是Django默认用户的外键。只有一个用户是超级用户。所有患者都属于超级用户。每个病人可以有许多胚胎。我正在使用Django Rest框架的
ModelViewset

IntegrityError：“用户id”列中的null值违反了NOTNULL约束

下面是我收到的错误消息的屏幕截图


以下是我的型号

class Patient(models.Model):
    """Patients model which has all the patients information"""
    user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    first_name = models.CharField(max_length=25)
    last_name = models.CharField(max_length=35)
    phone = models.CharField(max_length=18)
    email = models.EmailField(unique=True)
    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)

    @property
    def full_name(self):
        return "%s %s" % (self.first_name, self.last_name)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.email


class Embryo(models.Model):
    """A ForeignKey model to the patient"""
    patient = models.ForeignKey(Patient, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    code_name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    karyotype = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    down_syndrome = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
    GENDER_CHOICES = (
        ("M", "Male"),
        ("F", "Female"),

    )
    sex = models.CharField(max_length=1, choices=GENDER_CHOICES)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.code_name

Environment:


Request Method: POST
Request URL: http://127.0.0.1:8000/patient/

Django Version: 2.1.2
Python Version: 3.6.6
Installed Applications:
['django.contrib.admin',
 'django.contrib.auth',
 'django.contrib.contenttypes',
 'django.contrib.sessions',
 'django.contrib.messages',
 'django.contrib.staticfiles',
 'rest_framework',
 'rest_framework.authtoken',
 'patients']
Installed Middleware:
['django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware']



Traceback:

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py" in _execute
  85.                 return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)

The above exception (null value in column "user_id" violates not-null constraint
DETAIL:  Failing row contains (4, Samir, Tendulkar, 2012795973, 2018-11-04 13:17:02.923723+00, 2018-11-04 13:17:02.923802+00, samnik_12345@hotmail.com, null).
) was the direct cause of the following exception:

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/handlers/exception.py" in inner
  34.             response = get_response(request)

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py" in _get_response
  126.                 response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request)

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py" in _get_response
  124.                 response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/views/decorators/csrf.py" in wrapped_view
  54.         return view_func(*args, **kwargs)

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/rest_framework/viewsets.py" in view
  116.             return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/rest_framework/views.py" in dispatch
  495.             response = self.handle_exception(exc)

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/rest_framework/views.py" in handle_exception
  455.             self.raise_uncaught_exception(exc)

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/rest_framework/views.py" in dispatch
  492.             response = handler(request, *args, **kwargs)

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/rest_framework/mixins.py" in create
  21.         self.perform_create(serializer)

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/genomic_prediction/src/genomic_project/patients/views.py" in perform_create
  51.         serializer.save(user=self.request.user)

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/rest_framework/serializers.py" in save
  214.             self.instance = self.create(validated_data)

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/genomic_prediction/src/genomic_project/patients/serializers.py" in create
  21.         patient.save()

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py" in save
  718.                        force_update=force_update, update_fields=update_fields)

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py" in save_base
  748.             updated = self._save_table(raw, cls, force_insert, force_update, using, update_fields)

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py" in _save_table
  831.             result = self._do_insert(cls._base_manager, using, fields, update_pk, raw)

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py" in _do_insert
  869.                                using=using, raw=raw)

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/manager.py" in manager_method
  82.                 return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs)

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py" in _insert
  1136.         return query.get_compiler(using=using).execute_sql(return_id)

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/compiler.py" in execute_sql
  1289.                 cursor.execute(sql, params)

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py" in execute
  100.             return super().execute(sql, params)

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py" in execute
  68.         return self._execute_with_wrappers(sql, params, many=False, executor=self._execute)

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py" in _execute_with_wrappers
  77.         return executor(sql, params, many, context)

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py" in _execute
  85.                 return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/utils.py" in __exit__
  89.                 raise dj_exc_value.with_traceback(traceback) from exc_value

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py" in _execute
  85.                 return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)

Exception Type: IntegrityError at /patient/
Exception Value: null value in column "user_id" violates not-null constraint
DETAIL:  Failing row contains (4, Samir, Tendulkar, 2012795973, 2018-11-04 13:17:02.923723+00, 2018-11-04 13:17:02.923802+00, samnik_12345@hotmail.com, null).

我使用
ModelViewSet
为我的模型创建实例下面是我的视图。

 class PatientsApiView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    """Handles Creating, reading and updating Patients"""

    serializer_class = serializers.PatientsSerializer
    queryset = Patient.objects.all()
    authentication_classes = (TokenAuthentication,)
    filter_backends = (filters.SearchFilter,)
    permission_classes = (IsAuthenticated,)
    search_fields = ("first_name", "last_name", "phone", "email",)

    def perform_create(self, serializer):
        serializer.save(user=self.request.user)


class EmbroApiView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    """Handles Creating, reading and updating Patients"""

    serializer_class = serializers.EmbryoSerializer
    queryset = Embryo.objects.all()
    authentication_classes = (TokenAuthentication,)
    filter_backends = (filters.SearchFilter,)
    permission_classes = (IsAuthenticated,)
    search_fields = ("code_name", "karyotype", "sex", "down_syndrome",)

    def perform_create(self, serializer):
        serializer.save(patient__id=self.kwargs['pk'])

下面是我的序列化程序。py

class PatientsSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    """A serializer for the patients model."""

    class Meta:
        model = Patient
        fields = ("id", "first_name", "last_name", "phone", "email")

    def create(self, validated_data):
        """Create and return a new patient"""

        patient = Patient(
            first_name=validated_data["first_name"],
            last_name=validated_data["last_name"],
            phone=validated_data["phone"],
            email=validated_data["email"]
        )
        patient.save()
        return patient


class EmbryoSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Embryo
        fields = ("id", "patient", "code_name", "karyotype", "down_syndrome", "sex")

        def create(self, validated_data):
            """Create and return a new embryo"""

            embryo = Embryo(
                code_name=validated_data["code_name"],
                karyotype=validated_data["karyotype"],
                down_syndrome=validated_data["down_syndrome"],
                sex=validated_data["sex"]
            )
            embryo.save()
            return embryo

我做错了什么？

以下是@Håken Lid要求的回溯

class Patient(models.Model):
    """Patients model which has all the patients information"""
    user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    first_name = models.CharField(max_length=25)
    last_name = models.CharField(max_length=35)
    phone = models.CharField(max_length=18)
    email = models.EmailField(unique=True)
    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)

    @property
    def full_name(self):
        return "%s %s" % (self.first_name, self.last_name)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.email


class Embryo(models.Model):
    """A ForeignKey model to the patient"""
    patient = models.ForeignKey(Patient, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    code_name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    karyotype = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    down_syndrome = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
    GENDER_CHOICES = (
        ("M", "Male"),
        ("F", "Female"),

    )
    sex = models.CharField(max_length=1, choices=GENDER_CHOICES)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.code_name

Environment:


Request Method: POST
Request URL: http://127.0.0.1:8000/patient/

Django Version: 2.1.2
Python Version: 3.6.6
Installed Applications:
['django.contrib.admin',
 'django.contrib.auth',
 'django.contrib.contenttypes',
 'django.contrib.sessions',
 'django.contrib.messages',
 'django.contrib.staticfiles',
 'rest_framework',
 'rest_framework.authtoken',
 'patients']
Installed Middleware:
['django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware']



Traceback:

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py" in _execute
  85.                 return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)

The above exception (null value in column "user_id" violates not-null constraint
DETAIL:  Failing row contains (4, Samir, Tendulkar, 2012795973, 2018-11-04 13:17:02.923723+00, 2018-11-04 13:17:02.923802+00, samnik_12345@hotmail.com, null).
) was the direct cause of the following exception:

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/handlers/exception.py" in inner
  34.             response = get_response(request)

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py" in _get_response
  126.                 response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request)

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py" in _get_response
  124.                 response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/views/decorators/csrf.py" in wrapped_view
  54.         return view_func(*args, **kwargs)

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/rest_framework/viewsets.py" in view
  116.             return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/rest_framework/views.py" in dispatch
  495.             response = self.handle_exception(exc)

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/rest_framework/views.py" in handle_exception
  455.             self.raise_uncaught_exception(exc)

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/rest_framework/views.py" in dispatch
  492.             response = handler(request, *args, **kwargs)

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/rest_framework/mixins.py" in create
  21.         self.perform_create(serializer)

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/genomic_prediction/src/genomic_project/patients/views.py" in perform_create
  51.         serializer.save(user=self.request.user)

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/rest_framework/serializers.py" in save
  214.             self.instance = self.create(validated_data)

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/genomic_prediction/src/genomic_project/patients/serializers.py" in create
  21.         patient.save()

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py" in save
  718.                        force_update=force_update, update_fields=update_fields)

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py" in save_base
  748.             updated = self._save_table(raw, cls, force_insert, force_update, using, update_fields)

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py" in _save_table
  831.             result = self._do_insert(cls._base_manager, using, fields, update_pk, raw)

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py" in _do_insert
  869.                                using=using, raw=raw)

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/manager.py" in manager_method
  82.                 return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs)

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py" in _insert
  1136.         return query.get_compiler(using=using).execute_sql(return_id)

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/compiler.py" in execute_sql
  1289.                 cursor.execute(sql, params)

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py" in execute
  100.             return super().execute(sql, params)

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py" in execute
  68.         return self._execute_with_wrappers(sql, params, many=False, executor=self._execute)

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py" in _execute_with_wrappers
  77.         return executor(sql, params, many, context)

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py" in _execute
  85.                 return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/utils.py" in __exit__
  89.                 raise dj_exc_value.with_traceback(traceback) from exc_value

File "/home/samir/PycharmProjects/GenomeVenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py" in _execute
  85.                 return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)

Exception Type: IntegrityError at /patient/
Exception Value: null value in column "user_id" violates not-null constraint
DETAIL:  Failing row contains (4, Samir, Tendulkar, 2012795973, 2018-11-04 13:17:02.923723+00, 2018-11-04 13:17:02.923802+00, samnik_12345@hotmail.com, null).

我将用户添加到序列化程序（参见下图）并删除了下面的代码，但错误仍然相同

def perform_create(self, serializer):
        serializer.save(user=self.request.user)


您的
PatientsSerializer.create
方法从序列化程序输入数据中丢弃
user
字段

def create(self, validated_data):
    """Create and return a new patient"""

    patient = Patient(
        first_name=validated_data["first_name"],
        last_name=validated_data["last_name"],
        phone=validated_data["phone"],
        email=validated_data["email"]
        # you need a `user` as well.
    )
    patient.save()
    return patient

不清楚为什么您有一个定制的create方法。您是否尝试过简单地从序列化程序中删除它？默认的
ModelSerializer.create
方法使用整个
validated\u数据。只需将
user
添加到
PatientsSerializer.Meta.fields

class PatientsSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    """A serializer for the patients model."""

    class Meta:
        model = Patient
        fields = ("id", "user", "first_name", "last_name", "phone", "email")

包括实际的回溯文本，而不是屏幕截图。注意错误页面中的“切换到复制和粘贴视图”链接？单击该链接以获取原始回溯。这就是你提问时应该包括的内容。（也请自己阅读回溯。在修复bug时，了解回溯是必不可少的）你能包括
PatientsSerializer
class吗？@HåkenLid我已经根据你的请求包括了我的序列化和Trackback我向序列化程序添加了用户请参见问题中的上图并删除了下面的代码，但错误仍然是相同的`def perform\u create（self，serializer）`serializer.save（user=self.request.user）`您还必须从序列化程序中删除
create
方法。必须在viewset类中保留
perform\u create
，并从serializer类中删除
create
。