扩展Django 1.11用户模型
我正在尝试解决如何扩展Django用户模型,以便向用户添加信息。我似乎无法让它工作。我做错了什么? 在我扩展到的同一型号中使用外键可以吗?如何创建超级用户,还是必须通过扩展Django 1.11用户模型,django,django-models,django-authentication,django-users,Django,Django Models,Django Authentication,Django Users,我正在尝试解决如何扩展Django用户模型,以便向用户添加信息。我似乎无法让它工作。我做错了什么? 在我扩展到的同一型号中使用外键可以吗?如何创建超级用户,还是必须通过python manage.py shell手动创建超级用户 以下是我目前的代码: class PersonModel(models.Model): user = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE) firstName = models.Char
python manage.py shell
手动创建超级用户
以下是我目前的代码:
class PersonModel(models.Model):
user = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
firstName = models.CharField(max_length=50)
lastName = models.CharField(max_length=50)
company = models.ForeignKey(CompanyModel, on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True)
phone = models.ForeignKey(PhoneModel, on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True)
email = models.EmailField(blank=True)
def __str__(self):
return '%s %s - %s - %s, %s' % (self.firstName, self.lastName,
self.company, self.phone, self.email
)
class Meta:
ordering = ['firstName']
verbose_name = "Customer Contact Information"
#verbose_name_plural = "Contacts"
@receiver(post_save, sender=User)
def create_user_profile(sender, instance, created, **kwargs):
if created:
PersonModel.objects.create(user=instance)
@receiver(post_save, sender=User)
def save_user_profile(sender, instance, **kwargs):
instance.profile.save()
更新(最终版本):
在拉拉蒂鲁的帮助下,我基本上能够完成他分享的剧本。由于外键的要求,我仍然难以创建超级用户
from django.contrib.auth.models import (
AbstractBaseUser,
PermissionsMixin,
BaseUserManager,
)
from django.core.mail import send_mail
from django.db import models
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
from customers import models as customers_models
class TravelModel(models.Model):
mileageRate = models.DecimalField(max_digits=4, decimal_places=3)
def __str__(self):
return '%s' % (self.mileageRate)
class Meta:
verbose_name = "Current Federal Milage Rate"
#verbose_name_plural = "Milage"
class UserManager(BaseUserManager):
def create_user(self, email, firstName, lastName, company, phone, password=None, **kwargs):
email = self.normalize_email(email)
user = self.model(email=email, **kwargs)
user.firstName = firstName
user.lastName = lastName
user.company = company
user.phone = phone
user.set_password(password)
user.save(using=self._db)
return user
def create_superuser(self, email, firstName, lastName, password=None, **kwargs):
#user = self.create_user(**kwargs)
email = self.normalize_email(email)
user = self.model(email=email, **kwargs)
user.firstName = firstName
user.lastName = lastName
user.set_password(password)
user.is_superuser = True
user.is_staff = True
user.save(using=self._db)
return user
class AliasField(models.Field):
def contribute_to_class(self, cls, name, virtual_only=False):
super().contribute_to_class(cls, name, virtual_only=True)
setattr(cls, name, self)
def __get__(self, instance, instance_type=None):
return getattr(instance, self.db_column)
class MyUser(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin):
firstName = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=False, null=False)
lastName = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=False, null=False)
company = models.ForeignKey(customers_models.CompanyModel, on_delete=models.PROTECT, null=False)
phone = models.ForeignKey(customers_models.PhoneModel, on_delete=models.PROTECT, null=False)
email = models.EmailField(_('email address'), max_length=255, unique=True)
is_staff = models.BooleanField(
_('staff status'),
default=False,
help_text=_(
'Designates whether the user can log into this admin '
'site.'
)
)
is_active = models.BooleanField(
_('active'),
default=True,
help_text=_(
'Designates whether this user should be treated as '
'active. Unselect this instead of deleting accounts.'
)
)
username = AliasField(db_column='email')
objects = UserManager()
USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'
REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['firstName','lastName',]
class Meta(object):
ordering = ['firstName']
verbose_name = _('Contact')
verbose_name_plural = _('Contacts')
def __str__(self):
return '%s - %s %s - %s - %s' % (self.company, self.firstName, self.lastName, self.email, self.phone)
def get_full_name(self):
return self.email
def get_short_name(self):
return self.email
def email_user(self, subject, message, from_email=None, **kwargs):
"""
Sends an email to this User.
"""
send_mail(subject, message, from_email, [self.email], **kwargs)
为了避免foreignkey之争,最简单的解决方案是在创建超级用户之前删除null=False要求-之后分配公司和电话-然后将null设置回False。这就是我扩展用户模型的方式。以下代码还将用户名替换为电子邮件字段。我之所以发布它,是因为它引起了核心变化,所以它清楚地说明了背后的逻辑 基本思想可以在中找到并解释。一个非常好的帖子也可以找到 在本例中,别名字段创建字段
用户名
,作为电子邮件
的别名。尽管考虑到django已经记录了查找用户模型及其相关字段的过程,这并不是必需的
from django.contrib.auth.models import (
AbstractBaseUser,
PermissionsMixin,
BaseUserManager,
)
from django.core.mail import send_mail
from django.db import models
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
class UserManager(BaseUserManager):
def create_user(self, email, password=None, **kwargs):
email = self.normalize_email(email)
user = self.model(email=email, **kwargs)
user.set_password(password)
user.save(using=self._db)
return user
def create_superuser(self, **kwargs):
user = self.create_user(**kwargs)
user.is_superuser = True
user.is_staff = True
user.save(using=self._db)
return user
class AliasField(models.Field):
def contribute_to_class(self, cls, name, private_only=False):
super().contribute_to_class(cls, name, private_only=True)
setattr(cls, name, self)
def __get__(self, instance, instance_type=None):
return getattr(instance, self.db_column)
class MyUser(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin):
custom_field = models.ForeignKey(
'app.Model',
on_delete=models.PROTECT,
)
email = models.EmailField(_('email address'), max_length=255, unique=True)
is_staff = models.BooleanField(
_('staff status'),
default=False,
help_text=_(
'Designates whether the user can log into this admin '
'site.'
)
)
is_active = models.BooleanField(
_('active'),
default=True,
help_text=_(
'Designates whether this user should be treated as '
'active. Unselect this instead of deleting accounts.'
)
)
username = AliasField(db_column='email')
objects = UserManager()
USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'
REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['user_branch_key', ]
class Meta(object):
ordering = ['email']
verbose_name = _('My User')
verbose_name_plural = _('My User')
def __str__(self):
return 'id: {0} - {1}, {2}'.format(self.id, self.email, self.user_branch_key)
def get_full_name(self):
return self.email
def get_short_name(self):
return self.email
def email_user(self, subject, message, from_email=None, **kwargs):
"""
Sends an email to this User.
"""
send_mail(subject, message, from_email, [self.email], **kwargs)
扩展用户模型后,例如,在应用程序内部,在文件/the\u user/models.py
中使用名称the\u user
,您必须在settings.py
文件中进行一些更改:
- 在安装的应用程序中注册应用程序
和&/manage.py makemigrations
/manage.py migrate
- 如中所述,将AUTH\u USER\u MODEL='设置为\u USER.MyUser
from the_user.models import MyUser
from django.conf import settings
from django.db import models
class AModel(models.Model)
user = models.ForeignKey(
settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL,
on_delete=models.PROTECT,
related_name='%(app_label)s_%(class)s_user'
)
似乎不是在扩展,而是在重写django用户模型。在这个问题上,这比Django文档要复杂得多:(@Jaberwocky确实如此。我在搜索代码以进行核心更改(使用电子邮件而不是用户名)以上说明了用户模型背后的逻辑。我感谢你的贡献。我觉得这并不能完全回答我的问题。你能,如果能,你如何将外键关系与用户联系起来?更详细地说,如果我想在
PersonModel
中存储我所拥有的内容,那么如何使用你的方法来实现呢我相信在中找到了我的其余答案。谢谢!@Jaberwocky是的。你也可以将你的模型作为内联添加到现有的用户管理中,而不是像我那样重写它。我更新了我的答案,以说明如何添加外键。