奇怪'；未知属性'；grails中的错误_Grails

奇怪'；未知属性'；grails中的错误

grails

奇怪'；未知属性'；grails中的错误,grails,Grails,我刚刚尝试了grails，遵循了最基本的教程，这很有效，但随后又进入了下一个最基本的教程，在这里我创建了一个与另一个具有多对一关系的类假设我们有一次班次旅行，有一家航空公司类型的野战航空公司。这两个类都有一些其他字段，但它们只是原语现在，如果我创建一个Trip对象，并将airline字段设置为，那么代码将正常执行airline的新实例。但是如果我尝试执行（通过将以下内容放入grails app/conf/Bootstrap.groovy中实现）： Trip t = new Trip (...

我刚刚尝试了grails，遵循了最基本的教程，这很有效，但随后又进入了下一个最基本的教程，在这里我创建了一个与另一个具有多对一关系的类

假设我们有一次班次旅行，有一家航空公司类型的野战航空公司。这两个类都有一些其他字段，但它们只是原语

现在，如果我创建一个Trip对象，并将airline字段设置为，那么代码将正常执行airline的新实例。但是如果我尝试执行（通过将以下内容放入grails app/conf/Bootstrap.groovy中实现）：

Trip t = new Trip (...)
t.airline = new Airline(...)
println t.airline

它给出了一个带有大量堆栈跟踪的巨大错误

org.springframework.beans.factory.access.BootstrapException: Error executing bootstraps; nested exception is org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerInvocationException: java.lang.NoSuchMethodException: Unknown property 'airline'
    at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.web.context.GrailsContextLoader.createWebApplicationContext(GrailsContextLoader.java:74)
    at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:199)
    at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:45)
    at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.ContextHandler.startContext(ContextHandler.java:548)
    at org.mortbay.jetty.servlet.Context.startContext(Context.java:136)
    at org.mortbay.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext.startContext(WebAppContext.java:1234)
    at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.ContextHandler.doStart(ContextHandler.java:517)
    at org.mortbay.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext.doStart(WebAppContext.java:460)
    at org.mortbay.component.AbstractLifeCycle.start(AbstractLifeCycle.java:50)
    at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.HandlerWrapper.doStart(HandlerWrapper.java:130)
    at org.mortbay.jetty.Server.doStart(Server.java:222)
    at org.mortbay.component.AbstractLifeCycle.start(AbstractLifeCycle.java:50)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PojoMetaMethodSite$PojoCachedMethodSiteNoUnwrapNoCoerce.invoke(PojoMetaMethodSite.java:229)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PojoMetaMethodSite.call(PojoMetaMethodSite.java:52)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCall(CallSiteArray.java:43)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:116)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:120)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.web.container.JettyServer.startServer(JettyServer.groovy:159)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaMethodSite$PogoCachedMethodSiteNoUnwrapNoCoerce.invoke(PogoMetaMethodSite.java:266)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaMethodSite.callCurrent(PogoMetaMethodSite.java:51)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCallCurrent(CallSiteArray.java:47)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:142)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:150)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.web.container.JettyServer.start(JettyServer.groovy:114)
    at grails.web.container.EmbeddableServer$start.call(Unknown Source)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCall(CallSiteArray.java:43)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:116)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:128)
    at _GrailsRun_groovy$_run_closure5_closure11.doCall(_GrailsRun_groovy:145)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaMethodSite$PogoCachedMethodSiteNoUnwrapNoCoerce.invoke(PogoMetaMethodSite.java:266)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaMethodSite.callCurrent(PogoMetaMethodSite.java:51)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCallCurrent(CallSiteArray.java:47)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:142)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:150)
    at _GrailsRun_groovy$_run_closure5_closure11.doCall(_GrailsRun_groovy)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
    at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:234)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1061)
    at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
    at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:279)
    at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:274)
    at groovy.lang.Closure$call.call(Unknown Source)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCall(CallSiteArray.java:43)
    at groovy.lang.Closure$call.call(Unknown Source)
    at _GrailsSettings_groovy$_run_closure10.doCall(_GrailsSettings_groovy:274)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
    at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:234)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1061)
    at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
    at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:279)
    at groovy.lang.Script.invokeMethod(Script.java:87)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethodOnGroovyObject(MetaClassImpl.java:1119)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1023)
    at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaClassSite.callCurrent(PogoMetaClassSite.java:66)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCallCurrent(CallSiteArray.java:47)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:142)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:154)
    at _GrailsRun_groovy$_run_closure5.doCall(_GrailsRun_groovy:137)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
    at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:234)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1061)
    at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
    at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:279)
    at groovy.lang.Script.invokeMethod(Script.java:87)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaClassSite.callCurrent(PogoMetaClassSite.java:72)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCallCurrent(CallSiteArray.java:47)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:142)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:150)
    at _GrailsRun_groovy.runInline(_GrailsRun_groovy:104)
    at _GrailsRun_groovy.this$4$runInline(_GrailsRun_groovy)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
    at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:234)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1061)
    at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1009)
    at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
    at groovy.lang.DelegatingMetaClass.invokeMethod(DelegatingMetaClass.java:142)
    at org.codehaus.gant.GantMetaClass.invokeMethod(GantMetaClass.java:127)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaClassSite.callCurrent(PogoMetaClassSite.java:66)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCallCurrent(CallSiteArray.java:47)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:142)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:162)
    at _GrailsRun_groovy$_run_closure1.doCall(_GrailsRun_groovy:58)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
    at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:234)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1061)
    at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
    at groovy.lang.DelegatingMetaClass.invokeMethod(DelegatingMetaClass.java:142)
    at org.codehaus.gant.GantMetaClass.invokeMethod(GantMetaClass.java:127)
    at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:279)
    at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:292)
    at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor48.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
    at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:234)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1061)
    at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
    at groovy.lang.DelegatingMetaClass.invokeMethod(DelegatingMetaClass.java:142)
    at org.codehaus.gant.GantMetaClass.invokeMethod(GantMetaClass.java:127)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaClassSite.call(PogoMetaClassSite.java:39)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCall(CallSiteArray.java:43)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaClassSite.call(PogoMetaClassSite.java:54)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:124)
    at org.codehaus.gant.GantBinding$_initializeGantBinding_closure4_closure8_closure9.doCall(GantBinding.groovy:152)
    at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor47.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaMethodSite$PogoCachedMethodSiteNoUnwrapNoCoerce.invoke(PogoMetaMethodSite.java:266)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaMethodSite.callCurrent(PogoMetaMethodSite.java:51)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:150)
    at org.codehaus.gant.GantBinding$_initializeGantBinding_closure4_closure8_closure9.doCall(GantBinding.groovy)
    at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor46.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
    at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:234)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1061)
    at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
    at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:279)
    at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:274)
    at groovy.lang.Closure$call.call(Unknown Source)
    at org.codehaus.gant.GantBinding.withTargetEvent(GantBinding.groovy:90)
    at org.codehaus.gant.GantBinding.this$4$withTargetEvent(GantBinding.groovy)
    at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor40.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
    at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:234)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1061)
    at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1009)
    at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:718)
    at groovy.lang.GroovyObjectSupport.invokeMethod(GroovyObjectSupport.java:44)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethodOnGroovyObject(MetaClassImpl.java:1119)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1023)
    at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaClassSite.callCurrent(PogoMetaClassSite.java:66)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:158)
    at org.codehaus.gant.GantBinding$_initializeGantBinding_closure4_closure8.doCall(GantBinding.groovy:152)
    at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor39.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaMethodSite$PogoCachedMethodSiteNoUnwrapNoCoerce.invoke(PogoMetaMethodSite.java:266)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaMethodSite.callCurrent(PogoMetaMethodSite.java:51)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:150)
    at org.codehaus.gant.GantBinding$_initializeGantBinding_closure4_closure8.doCall(GantBinding.groovy)
    at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor38.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
    at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:234)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1061)
    at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
    at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:279)
    at groovy.lang.Script.invokeMethod(Script.java:87)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethodOnGroovyObject(MetaClassImpl.java:1119)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1023)
    at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
    at groovy.lang.DelegatingMetaClass.invokeMethod(DelegatingMetaClass.java:142)
    at org.codehaus.gant.GantMetaClass.invokeMethod(GantMetaClass.java:127)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaClassSite.callCurrent(PogoMetaClassSite.java:66)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCallCurrent(CallSiteArray.java:47)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:142)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:146)
    at RunApp$_run_closure1.doCall(RunApp.groovy:33)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
    at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:234)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1061)
    at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
    at groovy.lang.DelegatingMetaClass.invokeMethod(DelegatingMetaClass.java:142)
    at org.codehaus.gant.GantMetaClass.invokeMethod(GantMetaClass.java:127)
    at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:279)
    at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:292)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
    at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:234)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1061)
    at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
    at groovy.lang.DelegatingMetaClass.invokeMethod(DelegatingMetaClass.java:142)
    at org.codehaus.gant.GantMetaClass.invokeMethod(GantMetaClass.java:127)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaClassSite.call(PogoMetaClassSite.java:39)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCall(CallSiteArray.java:43)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaClassSite.call(PogoMetaClassSite.java:54)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:124)
    at org.codehaus.gant.GantBinding$_initializeGantBinding_closure4_closure8_closure9.doCall(GantBinding.groovy:152)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaMethodSite$PogoCachedMethodSiteNoUnwrapNoCoerce.invoke(PogoMetaMethodSite.java:266)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaMethodSite.callCurrent(PogoMetaMethodSite.java:51)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:150)
    at org.codehaus.gant.GantBinding$_initializeGantBinding_closure4_closure8_closure9.doCall(GantBinding.groovy)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
    at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:234)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1061)
    at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
    at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:279)
    at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:274)
    at groovy.lang.Closure$call.call(Unknown Source)
    at org.codehaus.gant.GantBinding.withTargetEvent(GantBinding.groovy:90)
    at org.codehaus.gant.GantBinding.this$4$withTargetEvent(GantBinding.groovy)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
    at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:234)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1061)
    at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1009)
    at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:718)
    at groovy.lang.GroovyObjectSupport.invokeMethod(GroovyObjectSupport.java:44)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethodOnGroovyObject(MetaClassImpl.java:1119)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1023)
    at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaClassSite.callCurrent(PogoMetaClassSite.java:66)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:158)
    at org.codehaus.gant.GantBinding$_initializeGantBinding_closure4_closure8.doCall(GantBinding.groovy:152)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaMethodSite$PogoCachedMethodSiteNoUnwrapNoCoerce.invoke(PogoMetaMethodSite.java:266)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaMethodSite.callCurrent(PogoMetaMethodSite.java:51)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:150)
    at org.codehaus.gant.GantBinding$_initializeGantBinding_closure4_closure8.doCall(GantBinding.groovy)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
    at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:234)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1061)
    at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
    at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:279)
    at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:274)
    at groovy.lang.Closure$call.call(Unknown Source)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCall(CallSiteArray.java:43)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:116)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:120)
    at gant.Gant$_dispatch_closure4.doCall(Gant.groovy:324)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
    at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:234)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1061)
    at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
    at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:279)
    at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:292)
    at groovy.lang.Closure$call$0.call(Unknown Source)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCall(CallSiteArray.java:43)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:116)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:124)
    at gant.Gant$_dispatch_closure6.doCall(Gant.groovy:334)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaMethodSite$PogoCachedMethodSiteNoUnwrapNoCoerce.invoke(PogoMetaMethodSite.java:266)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.PogoMetaMethodSite.callCurrent(PogoMetaMethodSite.java:51)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCallCurrent(CallSiteArray.java:47)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:142)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:150)
    at gant.Gant$_dispatch_closure6.doCall(Gant.groovy)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.CachedMethod.invoke(CachedMethod.java:86)
    at groovy.lang.MetaMethod.doMethodInvoke(MetaMethod.java:234)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:1061)
    at groovy.lang.ExpandoMetaClass.invokeMethod(ExpandoMetaClass.java:893)
    at groovy.lang.MetaClassImpl.invokeMethod(MetaClassImpl.java:892)
    at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:279)
    at groovy.lang.Closure.call(Closure.java:274)
    at groovy.lang.Closure$call.call(Unknown Source)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCall(CallSiteArray.java:43)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:116)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.call(AbstractCallSite.java:120)
    at gant.Gant.withBuildListeners(Gant.groovy:344)
    at gant.Gant.this$2$withBuildListeners(Gant.groovy)
    at gant.Gant$this$2$withBuildListeners.callCurrent(Unknown Source)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.CallSiteArray.defaultCallCurrent(CallSiteArray.java:47)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:142)
    at org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.callsite.AbstractCallSite.callCurrent(AbstractCallSite.java:150)
    at gant.Gant.dispatch(Gant.groovy:334)
    at gant.Gant.this$2$dispatch(G

看起来你的旅行舱没有“航空公司”的属性

如果我有以下课程，效果很好：

// grails-app/domain/Trip.groovy
class Trip {
String name

static belongsTo = [airline: Airline]

String toString() { name }
}

// grails-app/domain/Airline.groovy
class Airline {
String name

static hasMany = [trips: Trip]

String toString() { name }
}

然后打开“grails控制台”并运行以下代码：

Trip t = new Trip(name: "my trip")

t.airline = new Airline(name: "Delta")

assert "Delta" == t.airline.name

查看grails文档了解更多信息。

Groovy/grails中没有原语。一切都是对象（与Java不同）。