Kotlin:运行jar时发生异常，缺少驱动程序

我正在尝试将基于gradle的kotlin应用程序连接到mssql数据库（通过模块hikari和hibernate fw）。 当我在IDE（intellij Idea）中运行kotlin应用程序时，一切正常，但当我通过gradlew编译它时，它抛出异常，它缺少驱动程序，我不知道如何将其嵌入jar。我尝试过谷歌搜索，找到了一些关于在jar的类路径中添加驱动程序的东西，但运气不好。 尝试了驱动程序编译组：“net.sourceforge.jtds”，名称：“jtds”，版本：“1.3.1”，但也没有成功

具有数据库处理程序的模块具有build.gradle

apply plugin: 'java'
apply plugin: 'kotlin'

sourceCompatibility = 1.8
targetCompatibility = 1.8

ext {
    kotlinVersion = '1.1.50'
    jUnitVersion = '4.12'
    jacksonVersion = '2.8.6'
    networkntVersion = '0.1.7'
    jsoupVersion = '1.10.3'
    slf4jVersion = '1.7.21'
    elasticSearchVersion = '5.6.5'
    hikariCpVersion = '2.6.1'
    hibernateVersion = '5.2.10.Final'
    redisVersion = '2.9.0'
    mysqlVersion = '6.0.6'
    jtdsVersion = '1.3.1'
    rabbitMqVersion = '4.2.0'
}

tasks.withType(org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.tasks.KotlinCompile).all {
    kotlinOptions {
        jvmTarget = "1.8"
    }
}
/* BUILDSCRIPT */

buildscript {
    ext.kotlinVersion = '1.1.50'

    repositories {
        mavenCentral()
    }
    dependencies {
        classpath "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:$kotlinVersion"
        classpath "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-noarg:$kotlinVersion"
    }
}

repositories { mavenCentral() }

dependencies {
    compile "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jre8:$kotlinVersion"
    testCompile "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-test-junit:$kotlinVersion"
    testCompile group: 'junit', name: 'junit', version: "$jUnitVersion"

    // kotlin-reflect as explicit dependency because of compilation errors in gradle
    compile "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-reflect:$kotlinVersion"

    // https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.fasterxml.jackson.core/jackson-core
        compile group: 'com.fasterxml.jackson.core', name: 'jackson-core', version: "$jacksonVersion"

    // https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.fasterxml.jackson.core/jackson-databind
    compile group: 'com.fasterxml.jackson.core', name: 'jackson-databind', version: "$jacksonVersion"

    // https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.fasterxml.jackson.core/jackson-annotations
    compile group: 'com.fasterxml.jackson.core', name: 'jackson-annotations', version: "$jacksonVersion"

    // https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.fasterxml.jackson.module/jackson-module-kotlin
    compile group: 'com.fasterxml.jackson.module', name: 'jackson-module-kotlin', version: "$jacksonVersion"

    // https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype/jackson-datatype-jsr310
    compile group: 'com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype', name: 'jackson-datatype-jsr310', version: "$jacksonVersion"

    // https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype/jackson-datatype-jdk8
    compile group: 'com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype', name: 'jackson-datatype-jdk8', version: "$jacksonVersion"

    // https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat/jackson-dataformat-xml
    compile group: 'com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat', name: 'jackson-dataformat-xml', version: "$jacksonVersion"

    // json schema validator (based on jackson)
    compile group: 'com.networknt', name: 'json-schema-validator', version: "$networkntVersion"

    // html parser
    compile "org.jsoup:jsoup:$jsoupVersion"

    // logging
    compile group: 'org.slf4j', name: 'slf4j-api', version: "$slf4jVersion"
    compile group: 'org.slf4j', name: 'slf4j-log4j12', version: "$slf4jVersion"

    // ckf.upe.common.elastic

    // https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.elasticsearch/elasticsearch
    // https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/client/java-api/5.6/transport-client.html
    compile group: 'org.elasticsearch.client', name: 'transport', version: "$elasticSearchVersion"

    // ckf.upe.common.database

    // connection pool
    // https://github.com/brettwooldridge/HikariCP
    compile group: 'com.zaxxer', name: 'HikariCP', version: "$hikariCpVersion"

    // hibernate
    compile group: 'org.hibernate', name: 'hibernate-core', version: "$hibernateVersion"
    // hibernate-hikaricp
    // https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.hibernate/hibernate-hikaricp
    compile group: 'org.hibernate', name: 'hibernate-hikaricp', version: "$hibernateVersion"

    // https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/redis.clients/jedis
    // https://github.com/xetorthio/jedis
    compile group: 'redis.clients', name: 'jedis', version: "$redisVersion"
}

运行jar文件时引发的异常为：

Exception in thread "main" org.hibernate.service.spi.ServiceException: Unable to create requested service [org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.env.spi.JdbcEnvironment]
        at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.createService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:271)
        at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.initializeService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:233)
        at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.getService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:210)
        at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.JdbcServicesImpl.configure(JdbcServicesImpl.java:51)
        at org.hibernate.boot.registry.internal.StandardServiceRegistryImpl.configureService(StandardServiceRegistryImpl.java:94)
        at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.initializeService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:242)
        at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.getService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:210)
        at org.hibernate.boot.model.process.spi.MetadataBuildingProcess.handleTypes(MetadataBuildingProcess.java:352)
        at org.hibernate.boot.model.process.spi.MetadataBuildingProcess.complete(MetadataBuildingProcess.java:111)
        at org.hibernate.boot.model.process.spi.MetadataBuildingProcess.build(MetadataBuildingProcess.java:83)
        at org.hibernate.boot.internal.MetadataBuilderImpl.build(MetadataBuilderImpl.java:418)
        at org.hibernate.boot.internal.MetadataBuilderImpl.build(MetadataBuilderImpl.java:87)
        at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.buildSessionFactory(Configuration.java:691)
        at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.buildSessionFactory(Configuration.java:726)
        at ckf.upe.application.App.getSessionFactory(App.kt:104)
        at ckf.upe.fischer.database.MappingRepository.sessionFactory(MappingRepository.kt:13)
        at ckf.upe.common.sql.AbstractRepository.withSession(AbstractRepository.kt:21)
        at ckf.upe.mapping.service.MappingService.loadMapping(MappingService.kt:33)
        at ckf.upe.application.upe.MainKt.main(main.kt:41)
Caused by: org.hibernate.HibernateException: java.lang.RuntimeException: Failed to get driver instance for jdbcUrl=jdbc:jtds:sqlserver://devsql2.fischer:1433/CKFischer_Mapping_PROD;useLOBs=false
        at org.hibernate.hikaricp.internal.HikariCPConnectionProvider.configure(HikariCPConnectionProvider.java:63)
        at org.hibernate.boot.registry.internal.StandardServiceRegistryImpl.configureService(StandardServiceRegistryImpl.java:94)
        at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.initializeService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:242)
        at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.getService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:210)
        at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.env.internal.JdbcEnvironmentInitiator.buildJdbcConnectionAccess(JdbcEnvironmentInitiator.java:145)
        at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.env.internal.JdbcEnvironmentInitiator.initiateService(JdbcEnvironmentInitiator.java:66)
        at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.env.internal.JdbcEnvironmentInitiator.initiateService(JdbcEnvironmentInitiator.java:35)
        at org.hibernate.boot.registry.internal.StandardServiceRegistryImpl.initiateService(StandardServiceRegistryImpl.java:88)
        at org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.createService(AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:259)
        ... 18 more
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Failed to get driver instance for jdbcUrl=jdbc:jtds:sqlserver://devsql2.fischer:1433/CKFischer_Mapping_PROD;useLOBs=false
        at com.zaxxer.hikari.util.DriverDataSource.<init>(DriverDataSource.java:88)
        at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.PoolBase.initializeDataSource(PoolBase.java:323)
        at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.PoolBase.<init>(PoolBase.java:114)
        at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.<init>(HikariPool.java:105)
        at com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource.<init>(HikariDataSource.java:72)
        at org.hibernate.hikaricp.internal.HikariCPConnectionProvider.configure(HikariCPConnectionProvider.java:59)
        ... 26 more
Caused by: java.sql.SQLException: No suitable driver
        at java.sql.DriverManager.getDriver(Unknown Source)
        at com.zaxxer.hikari.util.DriverDataSource.<init>(DriverDataSource.java:81)
        ... 31 more

线程“main”org.hibernate.service.spi.ServiceException中的异常：无法创建请求的服务[org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.env.spi.jdbc环境] 位于org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.createService（AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:271） 位于org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.initializeService（AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:233） 位于org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.getService（AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:210） 位于org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.jdbcservicesiml.configure（jdbcservicesiml.java:51） 位于org.hibernate.boot.registry.internal.StandardServiceRegistryImpl.configureService（StandardServiceRegistryImpl.java:94） 位于org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.initializeService（AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:242） 位于org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.getService（AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:210） 位于org.hibernate.boot.model.process.spi.MetadataBuildingProcess.handleTypes（MetadataBuildingProcess.java:352） 位于org.hibernate.boot.model.process.spi.MetadataBuildingProcess.complete（MetadataBuildingProcess.java:111） 位于org.hibernate.boot.model.process.spi.MetadataBuildingProcess.build（MetadataBuildingProcess.java:83） 位于org.hibernate.boot.internal.MetadataBuilderImpl.build（MetadataBuilderImpl.java:418） 位于org.hibernate.boot.internal.MetadataBuilderImpl.build（MetadataBuilderImpl.java:87） 位于org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.buildSessionFactory（Configuration.java:691） 位于org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.buildSessionFactory（Configuration.java:726） 位于ckf.upe.application.App.getSessionFactory（App.kt:104） 位于ckf.upe.fischer.database.MappingRepository.sessionFactory（MappingRepository.kt:13） 位于ckf.upe.common.sql.AbstractRepository.withSession（AbstractRepository.kt:21） 在ckf.upe.mapping.service.MappingService.loadMapping（MappingService.kt:33）中 位于ckf.upe.application.upe.MainKt.main（main.kt:41） 原因：org.hibernate.HibernateException:java.lang.RuntimeException:无法获取jdbcUrl=jdbc:jtds的驱动程序实例：sqlserver://devsql2.fischer:1433/CKFischer_Mapping_PROD;useLOBs=false 位于org.hibernate.hikaricp.internal.HikariCPConnectionProvider.configure（HikariCPConnectionProvider.java:63） 位于org.hibernate.boot.registry.internal.StandardServiceRegistryImpl.configureService（StandardServiceRegistryImpl.java:94） 位于org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.initializeService（AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:242） 位于org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.getService（AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:210） 位于org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.env.internal.jdbconvironmentinitiator.buildJdbcConnectionAccess（jdbconvironmentinitiator.java:145） 位于org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.env.internal.jdbconvironmentinitiator.initiateService（jdbconvironmentinitiator.java:66） 位于org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.env.internal.jdbconvironmentinitiator.initiateService（jdbconvironmentinitiator.java:35） 位于org.hibernate.boot.registry.internal.StandardServiceRegistryImpl.initiateService（StandardServiceRegistryImpl.java:88） 位于org.hibernate.service.internal.AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.createService（AbstractServiceRegistryImpl.java:259） ... 还有18个 原因：java.lang.RuntimeException:无法获取jdbcUrl=jdbc:jtds的驱动程序实例：sqlserver://devsql2.fischer:1433/CKFischer_Mapping_PROD;useLOBs=false 位于com.zaxxer.hikari.util.DriverDataSource。（DriverDataSource.java:88） 位于com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.PoolBase.initializeDataSource（PoolBase.java:323） 位于com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.PoolBase。（PoolBase.java:114） 在com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool上。（HikariPool.java:105） 在com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource。（HikariDataSource.java:72） 位于org.hibernate.hikaricp.internal.HikariCPConnectionProvider.configure（HikariCPConnectionProvider.java:59） ... 26多 原因：java.sql.SQLException:没有合适的驱动程序 位于java.sql.DriverManager.getDriver（未知源） 位于com.zaxxer.hikari.util.DriverDataSource。（DriverDataSource.java:81） ... 还有31个

---

好的，找到了@Hannes提到的解决方案，您需要在应用程序中显式实例化驱动程序，如

Class.forName（“net.sourceforge.jtds.jdbc.driver”）.newInstance（）。更多信息请点击此处：
我看不出对
jtds
有任何依赖关系，这是您的
依赖关系
部分。好的，很抱歉，尝试了很多东西，粘贴了没有它的代码。编译组：'net.sourceforge.jtds'，名称：'jtds'，版本：'1.3.1'在依赖项中-不起作用…您是否已将范围设置为
运行时
？@Hannes刚才尝试过，但
不起作用。我想，它是运行时组：'net.sourceforge.jtds'，名称：'jtds'，版本：'1.3.1'，在build.gradle的依赖项部分，它不应该在buildscript依赖项中吗？
jar文件在运行时必须在那里。我能想到的唯一一件事就是它没有注册。在连接之前，请尝试旧的
Class.forName（“net.sourceforge.jtds.jdbc.Driver”）.newInstance（）
。