Java 使用JPA和Spring进行集成测试

我有一个Spring/JPA web应用程序，我想为它编写一些测试。理想情况下，我希望能够：

• 在测试运行之前创建一次测试数据库模式（来自JPA注释类）
• 在自己的事务中运行每个测试方法，该事务在测试完成时回滚
• 指定要在每个类或每个方法级别为每个测试加载的（DbUnit）数据集。应在事务启动后加载测试数据，以便在测试完成时回滚测试数据
• 将Springbean注入测试类

我知道Spring提供的类可以提供我正在寻找的事务行为。理想情况下，最终的解决方案将是这样的

// This dataset will be used for all tests that don't override it with their own annotation
@TestData('/dbunit/dataSetDefault.xml')
public class MyTests extends ProbablySomethingFromTheSpringFramework {

  @Test
  void testWithDefaultDataSet() {
    // Transaction is implicitly started here
    // My test code goes here
    // A transaction is implicitly rolled-back here    
  }

  @TestData('/dbunit/dataSetCustom.xml')
  @Test
  void testWithCustomDataSet() {
    // Same as the other test
  }
}

显然，父类和

@TestData

都是虚构的，有什么东西可以提供我想要的功能吗

这就留下了如何创建测试数据库模式的问题。理想情况下，这将在所有测试运行之前发生一次（由Maven执行）。有人能建议我如何做到这一点吗？我想这涉及到使用一些东西将JPA注释转换为DDL，然后使用其他东西将其加载到测试数据库模式中

---

谢谢

我用一个简单的基于JPA（Hibernate）的应用程序做到了这一点

<project
  xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">

  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.soebes.casestudy</groupId>
  <artifactId>casestudy</artifactId>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

  <name>Case Study Pizza Ordering</name>
  <url>Pizza Ordering</url>

  <properties>
    <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>

    <hibernate-core-version>3.4.0.GA</hibernate-core-version>
    <database.driverClassName>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</database.driverClassName>
    <database.url>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/casestudy</database.url>
    <database.dialect>org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</database.dialect>
    <database.root.user>root</database.root.user>
    <database.root.password>root</database.root.password>

    <database.user>casestudy</database.user>
    <database.password>casestudy</database.password>

    <database.database>casestudy</database.database>
  </properties>

  <build>
    <resources>
      <resource>
        <directory>${basedir}/src/main/resources</directory>
        <filtering>true</filtering>
      </resource>
    </resources>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
        <artifactId>hibernate3-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.2</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>hibernate-create-schema</id>
            <phase>generate-test-sources</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>hbm2ddl</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
              <components>
                <component>
                  <name>hbm2ddl</name>
                  <implementation>annotationconfiguration</implementation>
                </component>
              </components>
              <componentProperties>
                <configurationfile>/src/main/resources/hibernate.cfg.xml</configurationfile>
                <jdk5>true</jdk5>
                <packagename>com.soebes.casestudy.bo</packagename>
                <console>false</console>
                <outputfilename>create.sql</outputfilename>
                <drop>false</drop>
                <create>true</create>
                <update>false</update>
                <export>false</export>
                <format>true</format>
              </componentProperties>
            </configuration>
          </execution>
          <execution>
            <id>hibernate-drop-schema</id>
            <phase>generate-test-sources</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>hbm2ddl</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
              <components>
                <component>
                  <name>hbm2ddl</name>
                  <implementation>annotationconfiguration</implementation>
                </component>
              </components>
              <componentProperties>
                <configurationfile>/src/main/resources/hibernate.cfg.xml</configurationfile>
                <jdk5>true</jdk5>
                <packagename>com.soebes.casestudy.bo</packagename>
                <console>false</console>
                <outputfilename>drop.sql</outputfilename>
                <drop>true</drop>
                <create>false</create>
                <update>false</update>
                <export>false</export>
                <format>true</format>
              </componentProperties>
            </configuration>
          </execution>
        </executions>
        <dependencies>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.9</version>
          </dependency>
        </dependencies>
      </plugin>

      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.8</version>
      </plugin>

     <plugin>
        <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
        <artifactId>sql-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>1.4</version>

        <dependencies>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.9</version>
          </dependency>
        </dependencies>

        <!-- common configuration shared by all executions -->
        <configuration>
          <driver>${database.driverClassName}</driver>
          <url>${database.url}</url>
          <username>${database.root.user}</username>
          <password>${database.root.password}</password>
        </configuration>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>drop-database</id>
            <phase>generate-test-resources</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>execute</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
              <sqlCommand>
              DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS casestudy;
              CREATE DATABASE casestudy;
              GRANT ALL ON casestudy.* TO ${database.user} IDENTIFIED BY '${database.password}';
              </sqlCommand>
            </configuration>
          </execution>
          <execution>
            <id>create-database</id>
            <phase>generate-test-resources</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>execute</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
              <sqlCommand>
              USE casestudy;
              </sqlCommand>
              <srcFiles>
                <srcFile>${project.build.directory}/hibernate3/sql/create.sql</srcFile>
              </srcFiles>
            </configuration>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>

    </plugins>
  </build>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
      <artifactId>hibernate-annotations</artifactId>
      <version>${hibernate-core-version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
      <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
      <version>3.3.0.SP1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javassist</groupId>
        <artifactId>javassist</artifactId>
        <version>3.4.GA</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.testng</groupId>
      <artifactId>testng</artifactId>
      <version>5.14.6</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>mysql</groupId>
      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
      <version>5.1.9</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>log4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
      <version>1.2.13</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
      <version>1.6.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
      <version>1.6.1</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
</project>

4.0.0
com.soebes.casestudy
案例分析
罐子
0.0.1-快照
比萨饼订购案例研究
比萨饼订购
UTF-8
UTF-8
3.4.0.GA
com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc：mysql://localhost:3306/casestudy
org.hibernate.dialogue.mysqldialogue
根
根
案例分析
案例分析
案例分析
${basedir}/src/main/resources
真的
org.codehaus.mojo
hibernate3 maven插件
2.2
hibernate创建模式
生成测试源
hbm2ddl
hbm2ddl
注释配置
/src/main/resources/hibernate.cfg.xml
真的
com.soebes.casestudy.bo
假的
create.sql
假的
真的
假的
假的
真的
休眠删除模式
生成测试源
hbm2ddl
hbm2ddl
注释配置
/src/main/resources/hibernate.cfg.xml
真的
com.soebes.casestudy.bo
假的
drop.sql
真的
假的
假的
假的
真的
mysql
mysql连接器java
5.1.9
org.apache.maven.plugins
maven surefire插件
2.8
org.codehaus.mojo
SQLMaven插件
1.4
mysql
mysql连接器java
5.1.9
${database.driverClassName}
${database.url}
${database.root.user}
${database.root.password}
删除数据库
生成测试资源
执行
如果存在案例研究，则删除数据库；
创建数据库案例研究；
将所有案例研究。*授予${database.password}标识的${database.user}；
创建数据库
生成测试资源
执行
使用案例研究；
${project.build.directory}/hibernate3/sql/create.sql
org.hibernate
休眠注释
${hibernate核心版本}
org.hibernate
冬眠核心
3.3.0.SP1
javassist
javassist
3.4.GA
org.testng
testng
5.14.6
测试
mysql
mysql连接器java
5.1.9
log4j
log4j
1.2.13
编译
org.slf4j
slf4j api
1.6.1
org.slf4j
slf4j-log4j12
1.6.1

我已经用一个简单的基于JPA（Hibernate）的应用程序做到了这一点

<project
  xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">

  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.soebes.casestudy</groupId>
  <artifactId>casestudy</artifactId>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

  <name>Case Study Pizza Ordering</name>
  <url>Pizza Ordering</url>

  <properties>
    <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>

    <hibernate-core-version>3.4.0.GA</hibernate-core-version>
    <database.driverClassName>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</database.driverClassName>
    <database.url>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/casestudy</database.url>
    <database.dialect>org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</database.dialect>
    <database.root.user>root</database.root.user>
    <database.root.password>root</database.root.password>

    <database.user>casestudy</database.user>
    <database.password>casestudy</database.password>

    <database.database>casestudy</database.database>
  </properties>

  <build>
    <resources>
      <resource>
        <directory>${basedir}/src/main/resources</directory>
        <filtering>true</filtering>
      </resource>
    </resources>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
        <artifactId>hibernate3-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.2</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>hibernate-create-schema</id>
            <phase>generate-test-sources</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>hbm2ddl</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
              <components>
                <component>
                  <name>hbm2ddl</name>
                  <implementation>annotationconfiguration</implementation>
                </component>
              </components>
              <componentProperties>
                <configurationfile>/src/main/resources/hibernate.cfg.xml</configurationfile>
                <jdk5>true</jdk5>
                <packagename>com.soebes.casestudy.bo</packagename>
                <console>false</console>
                <outputfilename>create.sql</outputfilename>
                <drop>false</drop>
                <create>true</create>
                <update>false</update>
                <export>false</export>
                <format>true</format>
              </componentProperties>
            </configuration>
          </execution>
          <execution>
            <id>hibernate-drop-schema</id>
            <phase>generate-test-sources</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>hbm2ddl</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
              <components>
                <component>
                  <name>hbm2ddl</name>
                  <implementation>annotationconfiguration</implementation>
                </component>
              </components>
              <componentProperties>
                <configurationfile>/src/main/resources/hibernate.cfg.xml</configurationfile>
                <jdk5>true</jdk5>
                <packagename>com.soebes.casestudy.bo</packagename>
                <console>false</console>
                <outputfilename>drop.sql</outputfilename>
                <drop>true</drop>
                <create>false</create>
                <update>false</update>
                <export>false</export>
                <format>true</format>
              </componentProperties>
            </configuration>
          </execution>
        </executions>
        <dependencies>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.9</version>
          </dependency>
        </dependencies>
      </plugin>

      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.8</version>
      </plugin>

     <plugin>
        <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
        <artifactId>sql-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>1.4</version>

        <dependencies>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.9</version>
          </dependency>
        </dependencies>

        <!-- common configuration shared by all executions -->
        <configuration>
          <driver>${database.driverClassName}</driver>
          <url>${database.url}</url>
          <username>${database.root.user}</username>
          <password>${database.root.password}</password>
        </configuration>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>drop-database</id>
            <phase>generate-test-resources</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>execute</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
              <sqlCommand>
              DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS casestudy;
              CREATE DATABASE casestudy;
              GRANT ALL ON casestudy.* TO ${database.user} IDENTIFIED BY '${database.password}';
              </sqlCommand>
            </configuration>
          </execution>
          <execution>
            <id>create-database</id>
            <phase>generate-test-resources</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>execute</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
              <sqlCommand>
              USE casestudy;
              </sqlCommand>
              <srcFiles>
                <srcFile>${project.build.directory}/hibernate3/sql/create.sql</srcFile>
              </srcFiles>
            </configuration>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>

    </plugins>
  </build>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
      <artifactId>hibernate-annotations</artifactId>
      <version>${hibernate-core-version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
      <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
      <version>3.3.0.SP1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javassist</groupId>
        <artifactId>javassist</artifactId>
        <version>3.4.GA</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.testng</groupId>
      <artifactId>testng</artifactId>
      <version>5.14.6</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>mysql</groupId>
      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
      <version>5.1.9</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>log4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
      <version>1.2.13</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
      <version>1.6.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
      <version>1.6.1</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
</project>

4.0.0
com.soebes.casestudy
案例分析
罐子
0.0.1-快照
比萨饼订购案例研究
比萨饼订购
UTF-8
UTF-8
3.4.0.GA
com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc：mysql://localhost:3306/casestudy
org.hibernate.dialogue.mysqldialogue
根
根
案例分析
案例分析
案例分析
${basedir}/src/main/resources
真的
org.codehaus.mojo
hibernate3 maven插件
2.2
hibernate创建模式
生成测试源
hbm2ddl
hbm2ddl
注释配置
/src/main/resources/hibernate.cfg.xml
真的
com.soebes.casestudy.bo
假的
create.sql
假的
真的
假的
假的