SpringJava配置和@EnableTransactionManagement存在问题

我正在从XML配置迁移到Spring上下文配置。相反，当我尝试在Spring 4.0.3.RELEASE Java配置上使用功能等效的@EnableTransactionManagement时，我的Spring上下文无法实例化，出现以下异常：

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext at org.springframework.test.context.CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:99) at org.springframework.test.context.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:101) at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:109) at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:75) at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:319) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:212) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289) at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:291) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:232) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:89) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:238) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:63) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:236) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:53) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:229) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:71) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:309) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:175) at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4Provider.execute(JUnit4Provider.java:236) at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4Provider.executeTestSet(JUnit4Provider.java:134) at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4Provider.invoke(JUnit4Provider.java:113) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.apache.maven.surefire.util.ReflectionUtils.invokeMethodWithArray(ReflectionUtils.java:189) at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ProviderFactory$ProviderProxy.invoke(ProviderFactory.java:165) at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ProviderFactory.invokeProvider(ProviderFactory.java:85) at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.runSuitesInProcess(ForkedBooter.java:103) at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.main(ForkedBooter.java:74) Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'baseMySQLTest.TestConfig': Initialization of bean failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'org.springframework.transaction.config.internalTransactionAdvisor' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/transaction/annotation/ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration.class]: Instantiation of bean failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException: Factory method [public org.springframework.transaction.intercep...skipping... at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1558) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:539) ... 45 more Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException: Factory method [public org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor org.springframework.transaction.annotation.ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration.transactionAdvisor()] threw exception; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'transactionInterceptor' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/transaction/annotation/ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration.class]: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Property 'transactionManager' is required at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:188) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(ConstructorResolver.java:586) ... 62 more Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'transactionInterceptor' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/transaction/annotation/ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration.class]: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Property 'transactionManager' is required at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1553) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:539) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:475) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:304) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:228) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:300) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:195) at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassEnhancer$BeanMethodInterceptor.intercept(ConfigurationClassEnhancer.java:324) at org.springframework.transaction.annotation.ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$83a12634.transactionInterceptor() at org.springframework.transaction.annotation.ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration.transactionAdvisor(ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration.java:45) at org.springframework.transaction.annotation.ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$83a12634.CGLIB$transactionAdvisor$0() at org.springframework.transaction.annotation.ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$83a12634$$FastClassBySpringCGLIB$$cc829ae.invoke() at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy.invokeSuper(MethodProxy.java:228) at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassEnhancer$BeanMethodInterceptor.intercept(ConfigurationClassEnhancer.java:312) at org.springframework.transaction.annotation.ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$83a12634.transactionAdvisor() at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:166) ... 63 more Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Property 'transactionManager' is required at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.afterPropertiesSet(TransactionAspectSupport.java:195) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1612) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1549) ... 82 more java.lang.IllegalStateException:未能加载ApplicationContext 位于org.springframework.test.context.CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext（CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:99） 位于org.springframework.test.context.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext（DefaultTestContext.java:101） 位于org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies（DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:109） 位于org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance（DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:75） 位于org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance（TestContextManager.java:319） 位于org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest（SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:212） 位于org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectCall（SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289） 位于org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run（ReflectiveCallable.java:12） 位于org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock（SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:291） 位于org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild（SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:232） 位于org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild（SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:89） 位于org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run（ParentRunner.java:238） 位于org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule（ParentRunner.java:63） 位于org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren（ParentRunner.java:236） 访问org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000（ParentRunner.java:53） 位于org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate（ParentRunner.java:229） 位于org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate（RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61） 位于org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate（RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:71） 位于org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run（ParentRunner.java:309） 位于org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run（SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:175） 位于org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4Provider.execute（JUnit4Provider.java:236） 位于org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4Provider.executeTestSet（JUnit4Provider.java:134） 位于org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4Provider.invoke（JUnit4Provider.java:113） 在sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0（本机方法）处 位于sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke（NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39） 在sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke（DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25）中 位于java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke（Method.java:597） 位于org.apache.maven.surefire.util.ReflectionUtils.invokeMethodWithArray（ReflectionUtils.java:189） 位于org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ProviderFactory$ProviderProxy.invoke（ProviderFactory.java:165） 位于org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ProviderFactory.invokeProvider（ProviderFactory.java:85） 位于org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.runSuitesInProcess（ForkedBooter.java:103） 位于org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.main（ForkedBooter.java:74） 原因：org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException:创建名为“baseMySQLTest.TestConfig”的bean时出错：bean初始化失败；嵌套异常为org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException:创建名为“org.springframework.transaction.config.internalTransactionAdvisor”的bean时出错，该名称在类路径资源[org/springframework/transaction/annotation/ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration.class]：bean实例化失败；嵌套异常是org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException:factory方法[public org.springframework.transaction.intercep…跳过。。。 位于org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean（AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1558） 位于org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean（AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:539） …还有45个 原因：org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException:factory方法[public org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.beanfactoryTransactionattributeSourceVisor org.springframework.transaction.annotation.ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration.transactionAdvisor（）]引发异常；嵌套异常为org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException:创建名为“transactionInterceptor”的bean时出错，该bean在类路径资源[org/springframework/transaction/annotation/ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration.class]中定义：调用init方法失败；嵌套异常为java.lang.IllegalArgumentException:需要属性“transactionManager” 位于org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstallationStrategy.instantiate（SimpleInstallationStrategy.java:188） 位于org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.InstanceUsingFactoryMethod（ConstructorResolver.java:586） …还有62个 原因：org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException:创建名为“transactionInterceptor”的bean时出错，该bean在类路径资源[org/springframework/transaction/annotation/ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration.class]：调用init方法失败；嵌套异常为java.lang.IllegalArgumentException:Property' @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration(classes = {PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer.class, BaseMySQLTest.TestConfig.class}) public class BaseMySQLTest extends AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests { @Configuration @Import(DaoConfig.class) @PropertySource("classpath:/jdbc.properties") @EnableTransactionManagement public static class TestConfig { @Bean public PlatformTransactionManager providesTransactionManager(ListableBeanFactory beanFactory) { return new DataSourceTransactionManager(beanFactory.getBean(DataSource.class)); } } } public class UserDaoImplTest extends BaseMySQLTest { @Autowired private UserDao userDao; @Test public void testById() throws Exception { jdbcTemplate.execute("insert into users (email) values ('bob@example.com')"); ... } } @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration(classes = {BaseMySQLTest.TestConfig.class}) public class BaseMySQLTest extends AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests { protected int lastInsertId() { return jdbcTemplate.queryForInt("select LAST_INSERT_ID()"); } @Autowired private UserDao userDao; @Test public void testById() throws Exception { jdbcTemplate.execute("insert into mgdb.users (email) values ('bob@example.com')"); int userId = lastInsertId(); Optional xoomUserOptional = userDao.byId(userId); assertThat(xoomUserOptional.isPresent(), equalTo(true)); XoomUser user = xoomUserOptional.get(); assertThat(user.getEmailAddress(), equalTo("bob@example.com")); } @Configuration @Import(DaoConfig.class) @PropertySource("classpath:/jdbc.properties") @EnableTransactionManagement public static class TestConfig { @Bean public PlatformTransactionManager providesTransactionManager(ListableBeanFactory beanFactory) { return new DataSourceTransactionManager(beanFactory.getBean(DataSource.class)); } } }

public static class TestConfig {
    @Autowired
    private DataSource datasource;

    @Bean
    public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager() {
        return new DataSourceTransactionManager(datasource);
    }
}

@Bean
public static PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer placeholderConfigurer() {
    PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer placeholderConfigurer = new PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer();
    ClassPathResource resource = new ClassPathResource("/META-INF/spring/database.properties");
    placeholderConfigurer.setLocation(resource);
    return placeholderConfigurer;
}