Java 因此，student0.ID实际上被视为student0.ID

在Postgres中不使用区分大小写的名称，但它在其他数据库中很常见。因此，不要使用

“First\u name”

，只需使用

First\u name

。否则，你需要在任何地方，例如

@Column(name = "\"First_Name\"")

---

这不太好，所有其他Postgres用户都会对您的数据库模式表示不满。

有一个

student0\u

，它是student student0中

声明的表别名。由于未正确转义，因此找不到该列，因此
student0.ID
实际上被视为
student0.ID

在Postgres中不使用区分大小写的名称，但它在其他数据库中很常见。因此，不要使用
“First\u name”
，只需使用
First\u name
。否则，你需要在任何地方，例如

@Column(name = "\"First_Name\"")

这并不漂亮，所有其他Postgres用户都会对您的数据库模式表示不满。
尝试使用命名约定。您的ID列应命名为ID。您的列应使用小写和下划线命名。所以身份证，年龄，名字。。。错误与id列有关：错误：列student0\uID不存在尝试使用命名约定。您的ID列应命名为ID。您的列应使用小写和下划线命名。所以身份证，年龄，名字。。。错误与id列有关：错误：列student0\uID不存在如果不使用双引号标识符，则Postgres不区分大小写（它将转换为小写）。其效果是，如果您认为混合大小写更具可读性，则可以编写混合大小写的查询。所以写第一个名字和写第一个名字是一样的。您只需要记住，当Postgres使用该名称时，在错误消息或其他输出中，所有内容都将以小写形式显示。如果不使用双引号标识符，则Postgres不区分大小写（它将转换为小写）。其效果是，如果您认为混合大小写更具可读性，则可以编写混合大小写的查询。所以写第一个名字和写第一个名字是一样的。您只需要记住，当Postgres使用该名称时，在错误消息或其他输出中，所有内容都将以小写字母显示。
Hibernate: 
    select
        student0_.ID as id1_0_0_,
        student0_.Age as age2_0_0_,
        student0_.First_Name as first_na3_0_0_,
        student0_.Group_ID as group_id6_0_0_,
        student0_.Last_Name as last_nam4_0_0_,
        student0_.Passport_Number as passport5_0_0_ 
    from
        public.students student0_ 
    where
        student0_.ID=?

#Hibernate
hibernate.dialect = org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQLDialect
hibernate.show_sql = true
hibernate.format_sql = true
hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto = none
hibernate.ejb.naming_strategy = org.hibernate.boot.model.naming.PhysicalNamingStrategyStandardImpl

@Configuration
@EnableTransactionManagement
@PropertySource({"classpath:dao.properties"})
@EnableJpaRepositories(basePackages = {"com.university.dao"})
public class ApplicationConfig {

    @Autowired
    private Environment environment;

    public ApplicationConfig() {
        super();
    }

    @Bean
    public DataSource dataSource() {
        final BasicDataSource dataSource = new BasicDataSource();
        dataSource.setDriverClassName(Preconditions.checkNotNull(environment.getProperty("jdbc.driverClassName")));
        dataSource.setUrl(Preconditions.checkNotNull(environment.getProperty("jdbc.url")));
        dataSource.setUsername(Preconditions.checkNotNull(environment.getProperty("jdbc.user")));
        dataSource.setPassword(Preconditions.checkNotNull(environment.getProperty("jdbc.password")));

        return dataSource;
    }

    @Bean
    public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactory(DataSource dataSource,
                                                                       Environment environment) {
        LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactory = new LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean();
        entityManagerFactory.setDataSource(dataSource);
        entityManagerFactory.setJpaVendorAdapter(new HibernateJpaVendorAdapter());
        entityManagerFactory.setJpaProperties(getHibernateProperties());
        entityManagerFactory.setPackagesToScan("com.university.domain");

        return entityManagerFactory;
    }

    @Bean
    public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager() {
        final JpaTransactionManager transactionManager = new JpaTransactionManager();
        transactionManager.setEntityManagerFactory(entityManagerFactory(dataSource(),environment).getObject());

        return transactionManager;
    }

    @Bean
    public PersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor exceptionTranslation() {
        return new PersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor();
    }

    final Properties getHibernateProperties() {
        final Properties hibernateProperties = new Properties();
        hibernateProperties.setProperty("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto", environment.getProperty("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto"));
        hibernateProperties.setProperty("hibernate.dialect", environment.getProperty("hibernate.dialect"));
        hibernateProperties.setProperty("hibernate.show_sql", environment.getProperty("hibernate.show_sql"));
        hibernateProperties.setProperty("hibernate.format_sql", environment.getProperty("hibernate.format_sql"));
        hibernateProperties.setProperty("hibernate.ejb.naming_strategy", environment.getProperty("hibernate.ejb.naming_strategy"));

        return hibernateProperties;
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <version>2.3.1.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/>
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>university</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.build.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
        <junit-jupiter.version>5.6.1</junit-jupiter.version>
        <junit.version>4.13</junit.version>
        <org.springframework.version>5.2.7.RELEASE</org.springframework.version>
        <org.springframework.boot.version>2.3.1.RELEASE</org.springframework.boot.version>
        <org.hibernate.validator.version>6.1.5.Final</org.hibernate.validator.version>
        <org.apache.tomcat.version>9.0.36</org.apache.tomcat.version>
        <com.vaadin.version>16.0.0</com.vaadin.version>
        <org.junit.jupiter.version>5.6.2</org.junit.jupiter.version>
    </properties>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.8.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.0.0-M4</version>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.0.0-M1</version>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.2.0</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <phase>package</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>single</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
                <configuration>
                    <archive>
                        <manifest>
                            <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
                            <classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix>
                            <mainClass>com.university.Main</mainClass>
                        </manifest>
                    </archive>
                    <descriptorRefs>
                        <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
                    </descriptorRefs>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>${org.springframework.boot.version}</version>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>com.vaadin</groupId>
                <artifactId>vaadin-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>${com.vaadin.version}</version>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.vaadin</groupId>
                <artifactId>vaadin-bom</artifactId>
                <version>${com.vaadin.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>${org.springframework.boot.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>${org.springframework.boot.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            <version>${org.springframework.boot.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
            <version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
            <version>${org.springframework.boot.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
            <version>${org.hibernate.validator.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
            <artifactId>tomcat-dbcp</artifactId>
            <version>${org.apache.tomcat.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.vaadin</groupId>
            <artifactId>vaadin-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>${com.vaadin.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.vaadin</groupId>
            <artifactId>vaadin</artifactId>
            <version>${com.vaadin.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
            <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
            <version>29.0-jre</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
            <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
            <version>42.2.12.jre7</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.4.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
            <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.200</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
            <version>${org.junit.jupiter.version}</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
            <version>${org.junit.jupiter.version}</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
            <version>${org.junit.jupiter.version}</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.13</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.github.stefanbirkner</groupId>
            <artifactId>system-rules</artifactId>
            <version>1.19.0</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.powermock</groupId>
            <artifactId>powermock-reflect</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.7</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

@Column(name = "\"First_Name\"")