Java 在小程序查看器中调用时出现空白屏幕

这是我第一次在这里发帖。 我在做一些家庭作业时，第一次在java中使用GUI。我已经开始逐步编写一份意大利餐厅菜单

下面的代码编译良好，没有错误。编译后，我运行applet viewer

意大利语.html

，applet viewer屏幕只显示一个空白窗口。我有点困惑，因为我没有错误要处理。我错过了一些简单的东西

谢谢你的帮助

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class Italian extends JApplet {

//Declare and array for a list of Pastas
private String [] pastas = {"Spaghetti", "Angel Hair Pasta", "Tortellini",
    "Ziti"};
private String [] sauces = {"Maranaria", "Alfredo", "Spicy Marania"};

public Italian() {
//Create the base panel for the restaurant page

JPanel i1 = new JPanel();

i1.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 1));

i1.add(new JComboBox(pastas));
i1.add(new JComboBox(sauces));

HTML

Java小程序演示

您尚未向小程序中添加任何内容以使小程序显示在屏幕上

无论是在构造函数中还是在init方法中，都需要将已创建的面板添加到内容窗格中

getContentPane().setLayout(new BorderLayout()); // Just to make sure
getContentPane().add(i1);

---

你应该在applet中添加一些东西，使它们工作 这将帮助您了解小程序和图形。 此示例将帮助您添加具有适当布局的不同按钮：

/* 
This applet demonstrates various layout managers.
The applet itself uses a border layout with a JPanel in
the center, a JComboBox menu to the North, and a JLabel
to the south. The center panel uses a CardLayout.
Each card in the card layout contains a number of
buttons and uses a different layout manager.  The
JComboBox menu is used to select among these cards.
The JLabel reports events as they occur.
*/


import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;

public class LayoutDemo extends JApplet 
                      implements ActionListener, ItemListener {

CardLayout cards;      // the layout manager for the center panel
JPanel cardPanel;      // the center panel
JComboBox panelChoice; // menu for selecting which card to show
JLabel message;        // a message shown at the bottom of the applet

public void init() {

  panelChoice = new JComboBox();  // Set up the menu
  panelChoice.setBackground(Color.white);
  panelChoice.addItem("FlowLayout");   // Add in the names of the cards.
  panelChoice.addItem("FlowLayout with Big Hgap");
  panelChoice.addItem("Vertical BoxLayout");
  panelChoice.addItem("Horizontal BoxLayout with Struts");
  panelChoice.addItem("BorderLayout");
  panelChoice.addItem("GridLayout(3,2)");
  panelChoice.addItem("GridLayout(1,0)");
  panelChoice.addItem("GridLayout(0,1)");
  panelChoice.addItemListener(this);

  message = new JLabel("Layout Demo", JLabel.CENTER);  // Set up the mesage
  message.setBackground(Color.white);
  message.setOpaque(true);  // so background color will show
  message.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(5,0,3,0));
  message.setForeground(Color.red);

  cardPanel = new JPanel();               // Set up the center panel
  cardPanel.setBackground(Color.white);
  cards = new CardLayout();
  cardPanel.setLayout(cards);

  setBackground(Color.blue);
  getContentPane().setBackground(Color.blue);  
  getContentPane().setLayout(new BorderLayout(3,3));    
  getContentPane().add("Center",cardPanel);
  getContentPane().add("North",panelChoice);
  getContentPane().add("South",message);

  JPanel panel;  // Will represent various cards to be added to the center panel.
  Box box;       // For the cards that use a BoxLayout.

  // Set up each "card" in the center panel to have its own layout
  // manager and to contain a variety of buttons.

  panel = new JPanel();
  // use default FlowLayout for panel
  panel.setBackground(Color.white);
  cardPanel.add(panel, "FlowLayout");
  addButton(panel,"First Button");  // ( addButton is a untility method, defined below )
  addButton(panel,"Second Button");
  addButton(panel,"Third Button");
  addButton(panel,"Fourth Button");
  addButton(panel,"Fifth Button");
  addButton(panel,"Sixth Button");
  addButton(panel,"Seventh Button");

  panel = new JPanel();  
  panel.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER,30000,5));
  panel.setBackground(Color.white);
  cardPanel.add(panel,"FlowLayout with Big Hgap");
  addButton(panel," A Button");
  addButton(panel,"Another Button");
  addButton(panel,"A Third Button");
  addButton(panel,"A Fourth Button");
  addButton(panel,"A Final Button");

  box = Box.createVerticalBox();  
  box.setBackground(Color.white);
  cardPanel.add(box,"Vertical BoxLayout");
  addButton(box,"Button One");
  addButton(box,"Button Two");
  addButton(box,"Button Three");
  addButton(box,"Button Four");
  addButton(box,"Button Five");
  addButton(box,"Button Six");

  box = Box.createHorizontalBox();  
  box.setBackground(Color.white);
  cardPanel.add(box,"Horizontal BoxLayout with Struts");
  addButton(box,"1st");
  addButton(box,"2nd");
  box.add( Box.createHorizontalStrut(10) );
  addButton(box,"3rd");
  addButton(box,"4th");
  box.add( Box.createHorizontalStrut(10) );
  addButton(box,"5th");

  panel = new JPanel();  
  panel.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
  panel.setBackground(Color.white);
  cardPanel.add(panel,"BorderLayout");
  addButton(panel,"Center Button", BorderLayout.CENTER); 
  addButton(panel,"North Button", BorderLayout.NORTH);
  addButton(panel,"South Button", BorderLayout.SOUTH);
  addButton(panel,"East Button", BorderLayout.EAST);
  addButton(panel,"West Button", BorderLayout.WEST);

  panel = new JPanel();  
  panel.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));
  panel.setBackground(Color.white);
  cardPanel.add(panel,"GridLayout(3,2)");
  addButton(panel,"Button 1");                  
  addButton(panel,"Button 2");                  
  addButton(panel,"Button 3");                  
  addButton(panel,"Button 4");                  
  addButton(panel,"Button 5");                  
  addButton(panel,"Button 6");                  

  panel = new JPanel();  
  panel.setLayout(new GridLayout(1,0));
  panel.setBackground(Color.white);
  cardPanel.add(panel,"GridLayout(1,0)");
  addButton(panel,"Button 1");                  
  addButton(panel,"Button 2");                  
  addButton(panel,"Button 3");                  
  addButton(panel,"Button 4");                  

  panel = new JPanel();  
  panel.setLayout(new GridLayout(0,1));
  panel.setBackground(Color.white);
  cardPanel.add(panel,"GridLayout(0,1)");
  addButton(panel,"Button 1");                  
  addButton(panel,"Button 2");                  
  addButton(panel,"Button 3");                  
  addButton(panel,"Button 4");                  
  addButton(panel,"Button 5");                  
  addButton(panel,"Button 6");                  

  } // end init()


 public Insets getInsets() {
    // specify borders around the edges of the applet
  return new Insets(3,3,3,3);
 }


void addButton(Container p, String name) {
      // Create a button with the given name and add it
      // to the given panel.  Set up the button to send
      // events to the applet.
  JButton b = new JButton(name);
  p.add(b);
  b.addActionListener(this);
}


void addButton(JPanel p, String name, Object option) {
      // Same as above, but use the "option" object
      // as an additional parameter in the add method.
  JButton b = new JButton(name);
  p.add(b, option);
  b.addActionListener(this);
 }


 public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent evt) {
     // A button was pressed.  Report the name
     // of the button by setting the message text.
  String buttonName = evt.getActionCommand();
  message.setText("Button \"" + buttonName + "\" was pressed.");
 }

 public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent evt) {
     // The user has selected an item from the JComboBox.
     // Change the displayed card to match.
  String panelName = (String)panelChoice.getSelectedItem();
  cards.show(cardPanel, panelName);
  message.setText("Panel \"" + panelName + "\" was selected.");
 }


} // end class LayoutDemo

---

“第一次在java中使用GUI”，所以不要使用小程序。使用框架！小应用程序不是为新手准备的（如果你有一本书上面写着或暗示着其他内容，请从kindle上删除它，或者如果是纸上的，请用它来点燃）。为了更快地获得更好的帮助，请发布一篇文章。有趣的是，你说Andrew。我们的教授只想让我们使用applet。我希望我能用他作为引火物。。。。jk；）您在哪里将

i1

添加到

italic

实例。顺便说一句-最好调用applet

ItalianMenu

，以避免与

ItalianLanguage

或

ItalianCar

或

ItalianLover

之间的任何混淆，或者..我将其添加到这里JPanel i1=new JPanel（）；第12行。我刚刚写了一个简单的add，它在add（i1）中工作。我仍然有点困惑，将对此进行更多的调查。谢谢安德鲁，谢谢Mad@JaysonHartless：当你；如果您准备好了，您可以单击左侧的接受此答案。

/* 
This applet demonstrates various layout managers.
The applet itself uses a border layout with a JPanel in
the center, a JComboBox menu to the North, and a JLabel
to the south. The center panel uses a CardLayout.
Each card in the card layout contains a number of
buttons and uses a different layout manager.  The
JComboBox menu is used to select among these cards.
The JLabel reports events as they occur.
*/


import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;

public class LayoutDemo extends JApplet 
                      implements ActionListener, ItemListener {

CardLayout cards;      // the layout manager for the center panel
JPanel cardPanel;      // the center panel
JComboBox panelChoice; // menu for selecting which card to show
JLabel message;        // a message shown at the bottom of the applet

public void init() {

  panelChoice = new JComboBox();  // Set up the menu
  panelChoice.setBackground(Color.white);
  panelChoice.addItem("FlowLayout");   // Add in the names of the cards.
  panelChoice.addItem("FlowLayout with Big Hgap");
  panelChoice.addItem("Vertical BoxLayout");
  panelChoice.addItem("Horizontal BoxLayout with Struts");
  panelChoice.addItem("BorderLayout");
  panelChoice.addItem("GridLayout(3,2)");
  panelChoice.addItem("GridLayout(1,0)");
  panelChoice.addItem("GridLayout(0,1)");
  panelChoice.addItemListener(this);

  message = new JLabel("Layout Demo", JLabel.CENTER);  // Set up the mesage
  message.setBackground(Color.white);
  message.setOpaque(true);  // so background color will show
  message.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(5,0,3,0));
  message.setForeground(Color.red);

  cardPanel = new JPanel();               // Set up the center panel
  cardPanel.setBackground(Color.white);
  cards = new CardLayout();
  cardPanel.setLayout(cards);

  setBackground(Color.blue);
  getContentPane().setBackground(Color.blue);  
  getContentPane().setLayout(new BorderLayout(3,3));    
  getContentPane().add("Center",cardPanel);
  getContentPane().add("North",panelChoice);
  getContentPane().add("South",message);

  JPanel panel;  // Will represent various cards to be added to the center panel.
  Box box;       // For the cards that use a BoxLayout.

  // Set up each "card" in the center panel to have its own layout
  // manager and to contain a variety of buttons.

  panel = new JPanel();
  // use default FlowLayout for panel
  panel.setBackground(Color.white);
  cardPanel.add(panel, "FlowLayout");
  addButton(panel,"First Button");  // ( addButton is a untility method, defined below )
  addButton(panel,"Second Button");
  addButton(panel,"Third Button");
  addButton(panel,"Fourth Button");
  addButton(panel,"Fifth Button");
  addButton(panel,"Sixth Button");
  addButton(panel,"Seventh Button");

  panel = new JPanel();  
  panel.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER,30000,5));
  panel.setBackground(Color.white);
  cardPanel.add(panel,"FlowLayout with Big Hgap");
  addButton(panel," A Button");
  addButton(panel,"Another Button");
  addButton(panel,"A Third Button");
  addButton(panel,"A Fourth Button");
  addButton(panel,"A Final Button");

  box = Box.createVerticalBox();  
  box.setBackground(Color.white);
  cardPanel.add(box,"Vertical BoxLayout");
  addButton(box,"Button One");
  addButton(box,"Button Two");
  addButton(box,"Button Three");
  addButton(box,"Button Four");
  addButton(box,"Button Five");
  addButton(box,"Button Six");

  box = Box.createHorizontalBox();  
  box.setBackground(Color.white);
  cardPanel.add(box,"Horizontal BoxLayout with Struts");
  addButton(box,"1st");
  addButton(box,"2nd");
  box.add( Box.createHorizontalStrut(10) );
  addButton(box,"3rd");
  addButton(box,"4th");
  box.add( Box.createHorizontalStrut(10) );
  addButton(box,"5th");

  panel = new JPanel();  
  panel.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
  panel.setBackground(Color.white);
  cardPanel.add(panel,"BorderLayout");
  addButton(panel,"Center Button", BorderLayout.CENTER); 
  addButton(panel,"North Button", BorderLayout.NORTH);
  addButton(panel,"South Button", BorderLayout.SOUTH);
  addButton(panel,"East Button", BorderLayout.EAST);
  addButton(panel,"West Button", BorderLayout.WEST);

  panel = new JPanel();  
  panel.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));
  panel.setBackground(Color.white);
  cardPanel.add(panel,"GridLayout(3,2)");
  addButton(panel,"Button 1");                  
  addButton(panel,"Button 2");                  
  addButton(panel,"Button 3");                  
  addButton(panel,"Button 4");                  
  addButton(panel,"Button 5");                  
  addButton(panel,"Button 6");                  

  panel = new JPanel();  
  panel.setLayout(new GridLayout(1,0));
  panel.setBackground(Color.white);
  cardPanel.add(panel,"GridLayout(1,0)");
  addButton(panel,"Button 1");                  
  addButton(panel,"Button 2");                  
  addButton(panel,"Button 3");                  
  addButton(panel,"Button 4");                  

  panel = new JPanel();  
  panel.setLayout(new GridLayout(0,1));
  panel.setBackground(Color.white);
  cardPanel.add(panel,"GridLayout(0,1)");
  addButton(panel,"Button 1");                  
  addButton(panel,"Button 2");                  
  addButton(panel,"Button 3");                  
  addButton(panel,"Button 4");                  
  addButton(panel,"Button 5");                  
  addButton(panel,"Button 6");                  

  } // end init()


 public Insets getInsets() {
    // specify borders around the edges of the applet
  return new Insets(3,3,3,3);
 }


void addButton(Container p, String name) {
      // Create a button with the given name and add it
      // to the given panel.  Set up the button to send
      // events to the applet.
  JButton b = new JButton(name);
  p.add(b);
  b.addActionListener(this);
}


void addButton(JPanel p, String name, Object option) {
      // Same as above, but use the "option" object
      // as an additional parameter in the add method.
  JButton b = new JButton(name);
  p.add(b, option);
  b.addActionListener(this);
 }


 public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent evt) {
     // A button was pressed.  Report the name
     // of the button by setting the message text.
  String buttonName = evt.getActionCommand();
  message.setText("Button \"" + buttonName + "\" was pressed.");
 }

 public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent evt) {
     // The user has selected an item from the JComboBox.
     // Change the displayed card to match.
  String panelName = (String)panelChoice.getSelectedItem();
  cards.show(cardPanel, panelName);
  message.setText("Panel \"" + panelName + "\" was selected.");
 }


} // end class LayoutDemo