如何使用JUnit对JavaFX控制器进行单元测试

如何使用JUnit对JavaFX控制器进行单元测试,java,unit-testing,junit,javafx-2,Java,Unit Testing,Junit,Javafx 2,初始化JavaFX运行时的正确方法是什么,这样您就可以(使用JUnit)单元测试使用并发工具和Platform.runLater(Runnable) 从@BeforeClass方法调用Application.launch(…)会导致死锁。如果未调用Application.launch(…),则引发以下错误: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Toolkit not initialized at com.sun.javafx.application.Pla

初始化JavaFX运行时的正确方法是什么,这样您就可以(使用JUnit)单元测试使用并发工具和
Platform.runLater(Runnable)

@BeforeClass
方法调用
Application.launch(…)
会导致死锁。如果未调用
Application.launch(…)
,则引发以下错误:


java.lang.IllegalStateException: Toolkit not initialized
    at com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.runLater(PlatformImpl.java:121)
    at com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.runLater(PlatformImpl.java:116)
    at javafx.application.Platform.runLater(Platform.java:52)
    at javafx.concurrent.Task.runLater(Task.java:1042)
    at javafx.concurrent.Task.updateMessage(Task.java:987)
    at com.xyz.AudioSegmentExtractor.call(AudioSegmentExtractor.java:64)
    at com.xyz.CompletionControllerTest.setUp(CompletionControllerTest.java:69)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:601)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:44)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:41)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:27)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:76)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:50)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:193)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:52)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:191)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:42)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:184)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:236)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)

后续:这是我根据@SergeyGrinev推荐使用的主题

... // Inside test class

public static class AsNonApp extends Application {
    @Override
    public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception {
        // noop
    }
}

@BeforeClass
public static void initJFX() {
    Thread t = new Thread("JavaFX Init Thread") {
        public void run() {
            Application.launch(AsNonApp.class, new String[0]);
        }
    };
    t.setDaemon(true);
    t.start();
}
... // controller tests follow...
@BeforeClass
调用
launch()
是一种正确的方法。请注意,
launch()
不会将控制权返回到调用代码。因此,您必须将其包装到
新线程(…).start()

7年后的更新:

使用!它将以适当的方式进行发射。例如,您可以从TestFX的ApplicationTest类扩展测试,只需使用相同的代码:

public class MyTest extends ApplicationTest {

@Override
public void start (Stage stage) throws Exception {
    FXMLLoader loader = new FXMLLoader(
            getClass().getResource("mypage.fxml"));
    stage.setScene(scene = new Scene(loader.load(), 300, 300));
    stage.show();
}
然后编写这样的测试:

@Test
public void testBlueHasOnlyOneEntry() {
    clickOn("#tfSearch").write("blue");
    verifyThat("#labelCount", hasText("1"));
}

我发现这是可行的,。。。但是只有在启动JavaFX应用程序线程后添加Thread.sleep(500)之后。大概需要一些时间来准备好FX环境(在我的MacBookPro视网膜上大约200毫秒)


对于使用JavaFX并发结构(如
JavaFX.concurrent.Task
)的代码,这对我来说同样适用。与其他解决方案相比,它不需要显式的线程管理或提供虚拟的
应用程序

@BeforeAll
public static void setUpJavaFXRuntime() throws InterruptedException {
    CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
    Platform.startup(() -> {
        latch.countDown();
    });
    latch.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}

@AfterAll
public static void tearDownJavaFXRuntime() throws InterruptedException {
    Platform.exit();
}
[Application.launch](不能多次调用它,否则将引发异常。)文档说明:“不能多次调用它,否则将引发异常。”,如果您尝试多次运行此答案中的setUpClass()方法,请注意。
@BeforeAll
public static void setUpJavaFXRuntime() throws InterruptedException {
    CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
    Platform.startup(() -> {
        latch.countDown();
    });
    latch.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}

@AfterAll
public static void tearDownJavaFXRuntime() throws InterruptedException {
    Platform.exit();
}