硒元'；除非我实际查看网页（可能是JavaScript的反爬虫机制？）

下面的代码只有在我查看网页时才能正常工作（也就是由Selenium操作的Chrome选项卡）

有没有办法让它在我浏览另一个选项卡/窗口时也能正常工作

（我想知道网站怎么知道我是否在看网页……）

顺便说一句，我尝试添加一个用户代理，并使用以下代码向下滚动页面，希望该网页相信我正在“查看它”。但是，我失败了：(

---

因此，我认为您的问题的答案是由于

窗口句柄

。每当我们打开一个新选项卡时，

Selenium

会改变窗口对我们的焦点（显然）。因为焦点在另一个页面上，我们需要使用

驱动程序。切换到.window（此处句柄）

method。这样，我们就可以切换到合适的选项卡。为了做到这一点，我找到了一个具有类似功能的网站（也有日语/汉字？），可能会对您有所帮助

主程序-供参考

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.webdriver import WebDriver as ChromeDriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait as DriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as DriverConditions
from selenium.common.exceptions import WebDriverException
import time


def get_chrome_driver():
    """This sets up our Chrome Driver and returns it as an object"""
    path_to_chrome = "F:\Selenium_Drivers\Windows_Chrome85_Driver\chromedriver.exe"
    chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions() 
    
    # Browser is displayed in a custom window size
    chrome_options.add_argument("window-size=1500,1000")
    
    return webdriver.Chrome(executable_path = path_to_chrome,
                            options = chrome_options)

    
def wait_displayed(driver : ChromeDriver, xpath: str, int = 5):
    try:
        DriverWait(driver, int).until(
            DriverConditions.presence_of_element_located(locator = (By.XPATH, xpath))
            )
    except:
        raise WebDriverException(f'Timeout: Failed to find {xpath}')


# Gets our chrome driver and opens our site
chrome_driver = get_chrome_driver()
chrome_driver.get("https://freelance.levtech.jp/project/search/?keyword=&srchbtn=top_search")
wait_displayed(chrome_driver, "//div[@class='l-contentWrap']//ul[@class='asideCta']")
wait_displayed(chrome_driver, "//div[@class='l-main']//ul[@class='prjList']")
wait_displayed(chrome_driver, "//div[@class='l-main']//ul[@class='prjList']//li[contains(@class, 'prjList__item')][1]")

# Click on the first item title link
titleLinkXpath = "(//div[@class='l-main']//ul[@class='prjList']//li[contains(@class, 'prjList__item')][1]//a[contains(@href, '/project/detail/')])[1]"
chrome_driver.find_element(By.XPATH, titleLinkXpath).click()
time.sleep(2)

# Get the currently displayed window handles
tabs_open = chrome_driver.window_handles
if tabs_open.__len__() != 2:
    raise Exception("Failed to click on our Link's Header")
else:
    print(f'You have: {tabs_open.__len__()} tabs open')

# Switch to the 2nd tab and then close it
chrome_driver.switch_to.window(tabs_open[1])
chrome_driver.close()

# Check how many tabs we have open
tabs_open = chrome_driver.window_handles
if tabs_open.__len__() != 1:
    raise Exception("Failed to close our 2nd tab")
else:
    print(f'You have: {tabs_open.__len__()} tabs open')

# Switch back to our main tab
chrome_driver.switch_to.window(tabs_open[0])
chrome_driver.quit()
chrome_driver.service.stop()

对于滚动，可以使用此方法

def scroll_to_element(driver : ChromeDriver, xpath : str, int = 5):
    try:
        webElement = DriverWait(driver, int).until(
            DriverConditions.presence_of_element_located(locator = (By.XPATH, xpath))
            )
        driver.execute_script("arguments[0].scrollIntoView();", webElement)
    except:
        raise WebDriverException(f'Timeout: Failed to find element using xpath {xpath}\nResult: Could not scroll')

---

您好，Zvjezdan Veselinovic，感谢您告诉我如何使用

chrome\u driver.switch\u to.window（tabs\u open[0]）将浏览器切换到某个选项卡

我希望让爬虫程序在后台工作，所以我同时检查其他内容，但如果这不可能，那么我应该使用这个伟大的解决方法。非常感谢！@AveryWu-没问题。如果此解决方案对您有帮助，您可以将其标记为已解决。否则，您可以将此问题留给其他人尝试解决answer@AveryWu-chrome驱动程序应该可以在后台工作，因为当

selenium

打开浏览器时，它在我们的Windows任务管理器

中有自己的实例。您不需要观看chrome窗口为您刮取数据。您可以打开Microsoft Word并键入论文或打开outlook电子邮件。您应该d、 另外，研究
并行化
和
selenium
，您将看到如何打开多个chrome窗口，它们都可以执行不同的任务。
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.webdriver import WebDriver as ChromeDriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait as DriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as DriverConditions
from selenium.common.exceptions import WebDriverException
import time


def get_chrome_driver():
    """This sets up our Chrome Driver and returns it as an object"""
    path_to_chrome = "F:\Selenium_Drivers\Windows_Chrome85_Driver\chromedriver.exe"
    chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions() 
    
    # Browser is displayed in a custom window size
    chrome_options.add_argument("window-size=1500,1000")
    
    return webdriver.Chrome(executable_path = path_to_chrome,
                            options = chrome_options)

    
def wait_displayed(driver : ChromeDriver, xpath: str, int = 5):
    try:
        DriverWait(driver, int).until(
            DriverConditions.presence_of_element_located(locator = (By.XPATH, xpath))
            )
    except:
        raise WebDriverException(f'Timeout: Failed to find {xpath}')


# Gets our chrome driver and opens our site
chrome_driver = get_chrome_driver()
chrome_driver.get("https://freelance.levtech.jp/project/search/?keyword=&srchbtn=top_search")
wait_displayed(chrome_driver, "//div[@class='l-contentWrap']//ul[@class='asideCta']")
wait_displayed(chrome_driver, "//div[@class='l-main']//ul[@class='prjList']")
wait_displayed(chrome_driver, "//div[@class='l-main']//ul[@class='prjList']//li[contains(@class, 'prjList__item')][1]")

# Click on the first item title link
titleLinkXpath = "(//div[@class='l-main']//ul[@class='prjList']//li[contains(@class, 'prjList__item')][1]//a[contains(@href, '/project/detail/')])[1]"
chrome_driver.find_element(By.XPATH, titleLinkXpath).click()
time.sleep(2)

# Get the currently displayed window handles
tabs_open = chrome_driver.window_handles
if tabs_open.__len__() != 2:
    raise Exception("Failed to click on our Link's Header")
else:
    print(f'You have: {tabs_open.__len__()} tabs open')

# Switch to the 2nd tab and then close it
chrome_driver.switch_to.window(tabs_open[1])
chrome_driver.close()

# Check how many tabs we have open
tabs_open = chrome_driver.window_handles
if tabs_open.__len__() != 1:
    raise Exception("Failed to close our 2nd tab")
else:
    print(f'You have: {tabs_open.__len__()} tabs open')

# Switch back to our main tab
chrome_driver.switch_to.window(tabs_open[0])
chrome_driver.quit()
chrome_driver.service.stop()

def scroll_to_element(driver : ChromeDriver, xpath : str, int = 5):
    try:
        webElement = DriverWait(driver, int).until(
            DriverConditions.presence_of_element_located(locator = (By.XPATH, xpath))
            )
        driver.execute_script("arguments[0].scrollIntoView();", webElement)
    except:
        raise WebDriverException(f'Timeout: Failed to find element using xpath {xpath}\nResult: Could not scroll')