在laravel 5中测试期间，如何模拟外部API？

我想在laravel中测试HTTP路由。URL的action函数调用一个helper函数，该函数调用一个外部API。测试时如何模拟外部API调用

public function actionFunction(){

     $helper = new HelperClassHelper();

     return Response::json($helper->getNames());

}

---

在这里，getNames（）函数进行外部API调用。如何模拟它？

您可以在操作中将HelperClassHelper添加为依赖项，然后可以在测试中模拟它：

public function actionFunction(HelperClassHelper $helper){
     return Response::json($helper->getNames());
}

$this->app->bind(HelperClassHelper::class, function () { /* return mock */ });

在测试中：

public function actionFunction(HelperClassHelper $helper){
     return Response::json($helper->getNames());
}

$this->app->bind(HelperClassHelper::class, function () { /* return mock */ });

---

让我简单地说一下

按照以下步骤操作：

1.）添加服务

app/Services/MyService/HttpClient.php

。在本例中，我使用的是postman api

namespace App\Services\MyService;

use GuzzleHttp\Client;
use GuzzleHttp\Psr7\Response;

class HttpClient
{
    public function send(array $payload) : Response
    {
        return app(Client::class)
            ->request('POST', 'https://postman-echo.com/post', $payload);
    }
}

2.）添加控制器

app/Http/Controllers/TestController.php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use App\Services\MyService\HttpClient;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Routing\Controller;

class TestController extends Controller
{
    public function index(Request $request)
    {
        $response = app(HttpClient::class)->send($request->toArray());
        $data = json_decode( $response->getBody()->getContents(),true);
        return response()->json(
            $data,
            $response->getStatusCode()
        );
    }
}

3.）添加测试文件

tests/Feature/SampleTest.php

namespace Tests\Feature;

use App\Services\MyService\HttpClient;
use GuzzleHttp\Psr7\Response;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\File;
use Tests\TestCase;

class SampleTest extends TestCase
{
    public function setUp(): void
    {
        parent::setUp();
        //do awesome thing
    }

    public function testExample()
    {
        $this->mock(HttpClient::class, function ($mock) {
            return $mock->shouldReceive('send')
                ->once()
                ->andReturn(new Response(
                $status = 200,
                $headers = [],
                File::get(base_path('tests/files/success.json'))
            ));
        });
        $data = [
            'mock' => 'no'
        ];
        $response = $this->call('post','/test', $data);
        $response->assertExactJson(['mock' => 'yes']);
        $response->assertStatus(200);
    }
}

4.）为假响应添加json文件

tests/files/success.json

：

{
    "mock" : "yes"
}

---

谢谢你的回答。你能解释一下嘲弄的部分吗？我是第一次这样做，对我来说有点复杂。@SreekanthMK，当你向方法添加

HelperClassHelper

时，它是从容器中解析出来的（依赖项注入）。因此，在测试中，您可以执行

$this->app->bind…

，这将用一个mock替换容器中的真实类；但仍然没有变化。