Linux OpenCL-如果GPU内存大于系统RAM会发生什么
我们有一个opencl应用程序，而不是在一台具有12GB RAM的机器上使用单个nvidia C2075（6GB内存）运行 我们安装了一台带有12GB内存和AMD W9100 GPU（16GB内存）的新机器（并通过运行简单的opencl应用程序确保一切正常） 现在，同一个opencl应用程序在新机器上崩溃。我们发现，在执行过程中，一些内存分配失败。将系统内存增加到24GB使应用程序正常工作 （该应用程序在gpu内存>系统内存的所有单gpu机器上运行。所有机器都是suse linux enterprise server 64位） 你如何总结这种情况？ 我认为GPU将其整个16GB映射到系统RAM上，导致内存不足。但是通过/proc/iomem和lspci-v，我看不到16GB的窗口。 GPU是否真的将其内存映射到系统内存Linux OpenCL-如果GPU内存大于系统RAM会发生什么,linux,memory,opencl,gpu,Linux,Memory,Opencl,Gpu,我们有一个opencl应用程序，而不是在一台具有12GB RAM的机器上使用单个nvidia C2075（6GB内存）运行 我们安装了一台带有12GB内存和AMD W9100 GPU（16GB内存）的新机器（并通过运行简单的opencl应用程序确保一切正常） 现在，同一个opencl应用程序在新机器上崩溃。我们发现，在执行过程中，一些内存分配失败。将系统内存增加到24GB使应用程序正常工作 （该应用程序在gpu内存>系统内存的所有单gpu机器上运行。所有机器都是suse linux enterp
谢谢你的帮助我不知道会发生什么，但我相信一台拥有比RAM更多GPU内存的机器是非常不平衡的（你可以尝试…）。这几天公羊很便宜，所以多买一些吧 您的计算机可能是不平衡的，因为在数值计算中，并非所有事情都发生在GPU内部。您需要进行一些数据管理（至少是
malloc % sudo cat /proc/$(pidof /usr/bin/X)/maps
7f18a942a000-7f18ad42a000 rw-s 00000000 00:05 76611587 /SYSV00000000 (deleted)
7f18ad42a000-7f18adae5000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f18ade6e000-7f18ae658000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f18af0f9000-7f18affce000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f18b02ce000-7f18b12ae000 rw-s 103ada000 00:06 14729 /dev/dri/card0
7f18b656e000-7f18b656f000 rw-p 00025000 08:02 2229454 /usr/lib/xorg/modules/libfb.so
7f18b65c3000-7f18b6643000 rw-s 00000000 00:05 76546049 /SYSV00000000 (deleted)
7f18b6663000-7f18b66c3000 rw-s 00000000 00:05 76742661 /SYSV00000000 (deleted)
7f18b66c3000-7f18b6743000 rw-s 00000000 00:05 76709892 /SYSV00000000 (deleted)
7f18b6743000-7f18b674f000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 534519 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdrm_radeon.so.1.0.1
7f18b674f000-7f18b694e000 ---p 0000c000 08:02 534519 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdrm_radeon.so.1.0.1
7f18b694e000-7f18b694f000 r--p 0000b000 08:02 534519 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdrm_radeon.so.1.0.1
7f18b694f000-7f18b6950000 rw-p 0000c000 08:02 534519 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdrm_radeon.so.1.0.1
7f18b6950000-7f18b6971000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 536346 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdrm_intel.so.1.0.0
7f18b6971000-7f18b6b70000 ---p 00021000 08:02 536346 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdrm_intel.so.1.0.0
7f18b6b70000-7f18b6b71000 r--p 00020000 08:02 536346 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdrm_intel.so.1.0.0
7f18b6b71000-7f18b6b72000 rw-p 00021000 08:02 536346 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdrm_intel.so.1.0.0
7f18b6b72000-7f18b6b88000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 2229443 /usr/lib/xorg/modules/libexa.so
7f18b6b88000-7f18b6d88000 ---p 00016000 08:02 2229443 /usr/lib/xorg/modules/libexa.so
7f18b6d88000-7f18b6d89000 r--p 00016000 08:02 2229443 /usr/lib/xorg/modules/libexa.so
7f18b6d89000-7f18b6d8a000 rw-p 00017000 08:02 2229443 /usr/lib/xorg/modules/libexa.so
7f18b6d8a000-7f18b6d90000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 534517 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdrm_nouveau.so.2.0.0
7f18b6d90000-7f18b6f8f000 ---p 00006000 08:02 534517 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdrm_nouveau.so.2.0.0
7f18b6f8f000-7f18b6f90000 r--p 00005000 08:02 534517 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdrm_nouveau.so.2.0.0
7f18b6f90000-7f18b6f91000 rw-p 00006000 08:02 534517 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdrm_nouveau.so.2.0.0
7f18b6f91000-7f18b6fc2000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 2232215 /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/nouveau_drv.so
7f18b6fc2000-7f18b71c2000 ---p 00031000 08:02 2232215 /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/nouveau_drv.so
7f18b71c2000-7f18b71c3000 r--p 00031000 08:02 2232215 /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/nouveau_drv.so
7f18b71c3000-7f18b71c7000 rw-p 00032000 08:02 2232215 /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/nouveau_drv.so
7f18b71c7000-7f18b71cc000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 534404 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXxf86vm.so.1.0.0
7f18b71cc000-7f18b73cb000 ---p 00005000 08:02 534404 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXxf86vm.so.1.0.0
7f18b73cb000-7f18b73cc000 r--p 00004000 08:02 534404 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXxf86vm.so.1.0.0
7f18b73cc000-7f18b73cd000 rw-p 00005000 08:02 534404 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXxf86vm.so.1.0.0
7f18b73cd000-7f18b73ee000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 530987 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxcb.so.1.1.0
7f18b73ee000-7f18b75ed000 ---p 00021000 08:02 530987 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxcb.so.1.1.0
7f18b75ed000-7f18b75ee000 r--p 00020000 08:02 530987 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxcb.so.1.1.0
7f18b75ee000-7f18b75ef000 rw-p 00021000 08:02 530987 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxcb.so.1.1.0
7f18b75ef000-7f18b75f4000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 534560 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxcb-sync.so.1.0.0
7f18b75f4000-7f18b77f4000 ---p 00005000 08:02 534560 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxcb-sync.so.1.0.0
7f18b77f4000-7f18b77f5000 r--p 00005000 08:02 534560 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxcb-sync.so.1.0.0
7f18b77f5000-7f18b77f6000 rw-p 00006000 08:02 534560 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxcb-sync.so.1.0.0
7f18b77f6000-7f18b77f8000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 534558 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxcb-present.so.0.0.0
7f18b77f8000-7f18b79f7000 ---p 00002000 08:02 534558 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxcb-present.so.0.0.0
7f18b79f7000-7f18b79f8000 r--p 00001000 08:02 534558 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxcb-present.so.0.0.0
7f18b79f8000-7f18b79f9000 rw-p 00002000 08:02 534558 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxcb-present.so.0.0.0
7f18b79f9000-7f18b79fb000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 534554 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxcb-dri3.so.0.0.0
7f18b79fb000-7f18b7bfa000 ---p 00002000 08:02 534554 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxcb-dri3.so.0.0.0
7f18b7bfa000-7f18b7bfb000 r--p 00001000 08:02 534554 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxcb-dri3.so.0.0.0
7f18b7bfb000-7f18b7bfc000 rw-p 00002000 08:02 534554 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxcb-dri3.so.0.0.0
7f18b7bfc000-7f18b7c00000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 534543 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxcb-dri2.so.0.0.0
7f18b7c00000-7f18b7dff000 ---p 00004000 08:02 534543 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxcb-dri2.so.0.0.0
7f18b7dff000-7f18b7e00000 r--p 00003000 08:02 534543 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxcb-dri2.so.0.0.0
7f18b7e00000-7f18b7e01000 rw-p 00004000 08:02 534543 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxcb-dri2.so.0.0.0
7f18b7e01000-7f18b7e18000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 534556 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxcb-glx.so.0.0.0
7f18b7e18000-7f18b8017000 ---p 00017000 08:02 534556 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxcb-glx.so.0.0.0
7f18b8017000-7f18b8019000 r--p 00016000 08:02 534556 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxcb-glx.so.0.0.0
7f18b8019000-7f18b801a000 rw-p 00018000 08:02 534556 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxcb-glx.so.0.0.0
7f18b801a000-7f18b8156000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 530991 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libX11.so.6.3.0
7f18b8156000-7f18b8355000 ---p 0013c000 08:02 530991 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libX11.so.6.3.0
7f18b8355000-7f18b8357000 r--p 0013b000 08:02 530991 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libX11.so.6.3.0
7f18b8357000-7f18b835c000 rw-p 0013d000 08:02 530991 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libX11.so.6.3.0
7f18b835c000-7f18b835d000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f18b835d000-7f18b835e000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 534541 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libX11-xcb.so.1.0.0
7f18b835e000-7f18b855d000 ---p 00001000 08:02 534541 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libX11-xcb.so.1.0.0
7f18b855d000-7f18b855e000 r--p 00000000 08:02 534541 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libX11-xcb.so.1.0.0
7f18b855e000-7f18b855f000 rw-p 00001000 08:02 534541 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libX11-xcb.so.1.0.0
7f18b855f000-7f18b8564000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 559997 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXfixes.so.3.1.0
7f18b8564000-7f18b8763000 ---p 00005000 08:02 559997 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXfixes.so.3.1.0
7f18b8763000-7f18b8764000 r--p 00004000 08:02 559997 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXfixes.so.3.1.0
7f18b8764000-7f18b8765000 rw-p 00005000 08:02 559997 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXfixes.so.3.1.0
7f18b8765000-7f18b8767000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 560382 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXdamage.so.1.1.0
7f18b8767000-7f18b8966000 ---p 00002000 08:02 560382 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXdamage.so.1.1.0
7f18b8966000-7f18b8967000 r--p 00001000 08:02 560382 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXdamage.so.1.1.0
7f18b8967000-7f18b8968000 rw-p 00002000 08:02 560382 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXdamage.so.1.1.0
7f18b8968000-7f18b8979000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 530998 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXext.so.6.4.0
7f18b8979000-7f18b8b78000 ---p 00011000 08:02 530998 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXext.so.6.4.0
7f18b8b78000-7f18b8b79000 r--p 00010000 08:02 530998 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXext.so.6.4.0
7f18b8b79000-7f18b8b7a000 rw-p 00011000 08:02 530998 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXext.so.6.4.0
7f18b8b7a000-7f18b8b9f000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 531500 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libglapi.so.0.0.0
7f18b8b9f000-7f18b8d9f000 ---p 00025000 08:02 531500 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libglapi.so.0.0.0
7f18b8d9f000-7f18b8da2000 r--p 00025000 08:02 531500 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libglapi.so.0.0.0
7f18b8da2000-7f18b8da3000 rw-p 00028000 08:02 531500 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libglapi.so.0.0.0
7f18b8da3000-7f18b8da4000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f18b8da4000-7f18b8dca000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 393404 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libexpat.so.1.6.0
7f18b8dca000-7f18b8fc9000 ---p 00026000 08:02 393404 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libexpat.so.1.6.0
7f18b8fc9000-7f18b8fcc000 r--p 00025000 08:02 393404 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libexpat.so.1.6.0
7f18b8fcc000-7f18b8fcd000 rw-p 00028000 08:02 393404 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libexpat.so.1.6.0
7f18b8fcd000-7f18b9063000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 531019 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libGL.so.1.2.0
7f18b9063000-7f18b9262000 ---p 00096000 08:02 531019 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libGL.so.1.2.0
7f18b9262000-7f18b9265000 r--p 00095000 08:02 531019 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libGL.so.1.2.0
7f18b9265000-7f18b9266000 rw-p 00098000 08:02 531019 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libGL.so.1.2.0
7f18b9266000-7f18b9267000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f18b9267000-7f18b92aa000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 2229456 /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/libglx.so
7f18b92aa000-7f18b94a9000 ---p 00043000 08:02 2229456 /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/libglx.so
7f18b94a9000-7f18b94ab000 r--p 00042000 08:02 2229456 /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/libglx.so
7f18b94ab000-7f18b94af000 rw-p 00044000 08:02 2229456 /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/libglx.so
7f18b94af000-7f18b94c5000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 393444 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
7f18b94c5000-7f18b96c4000 ---p 00016000 08:02 393444 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
7f18b96c4000-7f18b96c5000 rw-p 00015000 08:02 393444 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
7f18b96c5000-7f18b96eb000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 393438 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpng12.so.0.50.0
7f18b96eb000-7f18b98ea000 ---p 00026000 08:02 393438 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpng12.so.0.50.0
7f18b98ea000-7f18b98eb000 r--p 00025000 08:02 393438 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpng12.so.0.50.0
7f18b98eb000-7f18b98ec000 rw-p 00026000 08:02 393438 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpng12.so.0.50.0
7f18b98ec000-7f18b98f2000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 528151 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfontenc.so.1.0.0
7f18b98f2000-7f18b9af1000 ---p 00006000 08:02 528151 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfontenc.so.1.0.0
7f18b9af1000-7f18b9af2000 r--p 00005000 08:02 528151 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfontenc.so.1.0.0
7f18b9af2000-7f18b9af4000 rw-p 00006000 08:02 528151 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfontenc.so.1.0.0
7f18b9af4000-7f18b9b03000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 393256 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libbz2.so.1.0.4
7f18b9b03000-7f18b9d02000 ---p 0000f000 08:02 393256 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libbz2.so.1.0.4
7f18b9d02000-7f18b9d03000 r--p 0000e000 08:02 393256 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libbz2.so.1.0.4
7f18b9d03000-7f18b9d04000 rw-p 0000f000 08:02 393256 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libbz2.so.1.0.4
7f18b9d04000-7f18b9da7000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 530811 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfreetype.so.6.11.1
7f18b9da7000-7f18b9fa7000 ---p 000a3000 08:02 530811 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfreetype.so.6.11.1
7f18b9fa7000-7f18b9fad000 r--p 000a3000 08:02 530811 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfreetype.so.6.11.1
7f18b9fad000-7f18b9fae000 rw-p 000a9000 08:02 530811 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfreetype.so.6.11.1
7f18b9fae000-7f18b9fc8000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 393316 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1.2.8
7f18b9fc8000-7f18ba1c7000 ---p 0001a000 08:02 393316 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1.2.8
7f18ba1c7000-7f18ba1c8000 r--p 00019000 08:02 393316 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1.2.8
7f18ba1c8000-7f18ba1c9000 rw-p 0001a000 08:02 393316 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1.2.8
7f18ba1c9000-7f18ba1da000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 393327 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgpg-error.so.0.13.0
7f18ba1da000-7f18ba3d9000 ---p 00011000 08:02 393327 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgpg-error.so.0.13.0
7f18ba3d9000-7f18ba3da000 r--p 00010000 08:02 393327 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgpg-error.so.0.13.0
7f18ba3da000-7f18ba3db000 rw-p 00011000 08:02 393327 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgpg-error.so.0.13.0
7f18ba3db000-7f18ba447000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 393252 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpcre.so.3.13.1
7f18ba447000-7f18ba647000 ---p 0006c000 08:02 393252 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpcre.so.3.13.1
7f18ba647000-7f18ba648000 r--p 0006c000 08:02 393252 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpcre.so.3.13.1
7f18ba648000-7f18ba649000 rw-p 0006d000 08:02 393252 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpcre.so.3.13.1
7f18ba649000-7f18ba661000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 393707 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread-2.19.so
7f18ba661000-7f18ba860000 ---p 00018000 08:02 393707 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread-2.19.so
7f18ba860000-7f18ba861000 r--p 00017000 08:02 393707 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread-2.19.so
7f18ba861000-7f18ba862000 rw-p 00018000 08:02 393707 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread-2.19.so
7f18ba862000-7f18ba866000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f18ba866000-7f18ba86d000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 393708 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/librt-2.19.so
7f18ba86d000-7f18baa6c000 ---p 00007000 08:02 393708 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/librt-2.19.so
7f18baa6c000-7f18baa6d000 r--p 00006000 08:02 393708 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/librt-2.19.so
7f18baa6d000-7f18baa6e000 rw-p 00007000 08:02 393708 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/librt-2.19.so
7f18baa6e000-7f18bac0d000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 393714 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.19.so
7f18bac0d000-7f18bae0d000 ---p 0019f000 08:02 393714 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.19.so
7f18bae0d000-7f18bae11000 r--p 0019f000 08:02 393714 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.19.so
7f18bae11000-7f18bae13000 rw-p 001a3000 08:02 393714 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.19.so
7f18bae13000-7f18bae17000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f18bae17000-7f18baf17000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 393713 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm-2.19.so
7f18baf17000-7f18bb116000 ---p 00100000 08:02 393713 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm-2.19.so
7f18bb116000-7f18bb117000 r--p 000ff000 08:02 393713 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm-2.19.so
7f18bb117000-7f18bb118000 rw-p 00100000 08:02 393713 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm-2.19.so
7f18bb118000-7f18bb132000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 393260 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libaudit.so.1.0.0
7f18bb132000-7f18bb331000 ---p 0001a000 08:02 393260 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libaudit.so.1.0.0
7f18bb331000-7f18bb333000 r--p 00019000 08:02 393260 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libaudit.so.1.0.0
7f18bb333000-7f18bb334000 rw-p 0001b000 08:02 393260 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libaudit.so.1.0.0
7f18bb334000-7f18bb33e000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f18bb33e000-7f18bb343000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 529063 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXdmcp.so.6.0.0
7f18bb343000-7f18bb542000 ---p 00005000 08:02 529063 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXdmcp.so.6.0.0
7f18bb542000-7f18bb543000 rw-p 00004000 08:02 529063 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXdmcp.so.6.0.0
7f18bb543000-7f18bb544000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 534562 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxshmfence.so.1.0.0
7f18bb544000-7f18bb743000 ---p 00001000 08:02 534562 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxshmfence.so.1.0.0
7f18bb743000-7f18bb744000 r--p 00000000 08:02 534562 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxshmfence.so.1.0.0
7f18bb744000-7f18bb745000 rw-p 00001000 08:02 534562 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxshmfence.so.1.0.0
7f18bb745000-7f18bb748000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 530983 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXau.so.6.0.0
7f18bb748000-7f18bb947000 ---p 00003000 08:02 530983 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXau.so.6.0.0
7f18bb947000-7f18bb948000 r--p 00002000 08:02 530983 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXau.so.6.0.0
7f18bb948000-7f18bb949000 rw-p 00003000 08:02 530983 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXau.so.6.0.0
7f18bb949000-7f18bb977000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 529065 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXfont.so.1.4.1
7f18bb977000-7f18bbb76000 ---p 0002e000 08:02 529065 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXfont.so.1.4.1
7f18bbb76000-7f18bbb77000 r--p 0002d000 08:02 529065 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXfont.so.1.4.1
7f18bbb77000-7f18bbb79000 rw-p 0002e000 08:02 529065 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXfont.so.1.4.1
7f18bbb79000-7f18bbc1e000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 530981 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpixman-1.so.0.32.6
7f18bbc1e000-7f18bbe1d000 ---p 000a5000 08:02 530981 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpixman-1.so.0.32.6
7f18bbe1d000-7f18bbe25000 r--p 000a4000 08:02 530981 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpixman-1.so.0.32.6
7f18bbe25000-7f18bbe26000 rw-p 000ac000 08:02 530981 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpixman-1.so.0.32.6
7f18bbe26000-7f18bbe32000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 534514 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdrm.so.2.4.0
7f18bbe32000-7f18bc031000 ---p 0000c000 08:02 534514 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdrm.so.2.4.0
7f18bc031000-7f18bc032000 r--p 0000b000 08:02 534514 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdrm.so.2.4.0
7f18bc032000-7f18bc033000 rw-p 0000c000 08:02 534514 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdrm.so.2.4.0
7f18bc033000-7f18bc03b000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 528200 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpciaccess.so.0.11.1
7f18bc03b000-7f18bc23b000 ---p 00008000 08:02 528200 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpciaccess.so.0.11.1
7f18bc23b000-7f18bc23c000 r--p 00008000 08:02 528200 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpciaccess.so.0.11.1
7f18bc23c000-7f18bc23d000 rw-p 00009000 08:02 528200 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpciaccess.so.0.11.1
7f18bc23d000-7f18bc240000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 393673 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl-2.19.so
7f18bc240000-7f18bc43f000 ---p 00003000 08:02 393673 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl-2.19.so
7f18bc43f000-7f18bc440000 r--p 00002000 08:02 393673 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl-2.19.so
7f18bc440000-7f18bc441000 rw-p 00003000 08:02 393673 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl-2.19.so
7f18bc441000-7f18bc518000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 393392 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcrypt.so.20.0.2
7f18bc518000-7f18bc718000 ---p 000d7000 08:02 393392 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcrypt.so.20.0.2
7f18bc718000-7f18bc719000 r--p 000d7000 08:02 393392 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcrypt.so.20.0.2
7f18bc719000-7f18bc722000 rw-p 000d8000 08:02 393392 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcrypt.so.20.0.2
7f18bc722000-7f18bc743000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 393315 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libselinux.so.1
7f18bc743000-7f18bc943000 ---p 00021000 08:02 393315 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libselinux.so.1
7f18bc943000-7f18bc944000 r--p 00021000 08:02 393315 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libselinux.so.1
7f18bc944000-7f18bc945000 rw-p 00022000 08:02 393315 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libselinux.so.1
7f18bc945000-7f18bc947000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f18bc947000-7f18bc955000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 393787 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libudev.so.1.5.0
7f18bc955000-7f18bcb54000 ---p 0000e000 08:02 393787 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libudev.so.1.5.0
7f18bcb54000-7f18bcb55000 r--p 0000d000 08:02 393787 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libudev.so.1.5.0
7f18bcb55000-7f18bcb56000 rw-p 0000e000 08:02 393787 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libudev.so.1.5.0
7f18bcb56000-7f18bcb76000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 393254 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.19.so
7f18bcb9b000-7f18bcbfb000 rw-s 00000000 00:05 76513280 /SYSV00000000 (deleted)
7f18bcbfb000-7f18bcc03000 rw-s 10085e000 00:06 14729 /dev/dri/card0
7f18bcc03000-7f18bcc0b000 rw-s 100856000 00:06 14729 /dev/dri/card0
7f18bcc0b000-7f18bcc13000 rw-s 10084e000 00:06 14729 /dev/dri/card0
7f18bcc13000-7f18bcc17000 rw-s 10082f000 00:06 14729 /dev/dri/card0
7f18bcc17000-7f18bcc1b000 rw-s 10082b000 00:06 14729 /dev/dri/card0
7f18bcc1b000-7f18bcc9b000 rw-s 10104c000 00:06 14729 /dev/dri/card0
7f18bcc9b000-7f18bcce7000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f18bcce7000-7f18bccef000 rw-s 100899000 00:06 14729 /dev/dri/card0
7f18bccef000-7f18bcd47000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f18bcd4a000-7f18bcd4b000 rw-s 10124c000 00:06 14729 /dev/dri/card0
7f18bcd4b000-7f18bcd53000 rw-s 100846000 00:06 14729 /dev/dri/card0
7f18bcd53000-7f18bcd73000 rw-s 100866000 00:06 14729 /dev/dri/card0
7f18bcd73000-7f18bcd76000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f18bcd76000-7f18bcd77000 r--p 00020000 08:02 393254 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.19.so
7f18bcd77000-7f18bcd78000 rw-p 00021000 08:02 393254 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.19.so
7f18bcd78000-7f18bcd79000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f18bcd79000-7f18bcfb4000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 533895 /usr/bin/Xorg
7f18bd1b4000-7f18bd1b6000 r--p 0023b000 08:02 533895 /usr/bin/Xorg
7f18bd1b6000-7f18bd1c3000 rw-p 0023d000 08:02 533895 /usr/bin/Xorg
7f18bd1c3000-7f18bd1d4000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f18bd52b000-7f18bfbaa000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [heap]
7fff59fc8000-7fff59fe9000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [stack]
7fff59fec000-7fff59fee000 r--p 00000000 00:00 0 [vvar]
7fff59fee000-7fff59ff0000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0 [vdso]
ffffffffff600000-ffffffffff601000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0 [vsyscall]
视频RAM（VRAM）比RAM快得多。当GPU访问VRAM时速度更快，但当CPU访问VRAM时速度可能较慢（因为PCI-e总线的带宽有限）“GPU内存是mmap（2）-ed的，这意味着在虚拟内存中，而不是在物理内存中”-通过虚拟内存，您的意思是它可以交换？我知道在CUDA中，我们可以拥有不可分页的内存，也就是固定内存。不知道amd驱动程序是否通过虚拟内存分配固定内存，他的意思是CPU端没有实际的物理内存保留。它只是MMU中的一个条目，仅此而已，因此您可以访问比物理地址空间大得多的虚拟地址空间。虚拟和可交换是正交的概念。也就是说，如果您使用
CL_MEM_ALLOC_HOST_PTR