Docker mysql容器无法使用启动时定义的数据卷

我在尝试运行装载了数据卷的mysql容器时遇到了一个问题

以下是dockerfile：

from ubuntu:14.04
maintainer Tiago Pires, tandrepires@gmail.com

# Because docker replaces /sbin/init: https://github.com/dotcloud/docker/issues/1024
RUN dpkg-divert --local --rename --add /sbin/initctl

RUN echo "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main universe" > /etc/apt/sources.list
RUN apt-get update && apt-get upgrade -y

ADD create_database.sql /tmp/create_database.sql

RUN apt-get install -y mysql-server

RUN sed -i -e"s/^bind-address\s*=\s*127.0.0.1/bind-address = 0.0.0.0/" /etc/mysql/my.cnf

RUN /usr/bin/mysqld_safe & \
    sleep 10s && \
        mysql -u root < /tmp/create_database.sql

VOLUME ["/var/lib/mysql", "/var/log/mysql"]

CMD ["mysqld_safe"]

现在我想显式定义一个文件夹来装载数据卷

docker run -d -p 3306:3306 \
        -v $HOME/data:/var/lib/mysql \
        -v $HOME/log:/var/log/mysql \
        --name=sonar-sql sonar-sql

但这次我有一个错误：

150924  7:59:07  InnoDB: Operating system error number 13 in a file operation.
InnoDB: The error means mysqld does not have the access rights to
InnoDB: the directory.
InnoDB: File name ./ibdata1
InnoDB: File operation call: 'create'.
InnoDB: Cannot continue operation.

我看到数据文件夹已创建。我尝试更改权限并再次运行“”容器：

chmod a+wrX data

这次我有另一个错误：

150924  8:02:20 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
InnoDB: The first specified data file ./ibdata1 did not exist:
InnoDB: a new database to be created!
150924  8:02:20  InnoDB: Setting file ./ibdata1 size to 10 MB
InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...
150924  8:02:20  InnoDB: Log file ./ib_logfile0 did not exist: new to be created
InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile0 size to 5 MB
InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...
150924  8:02:21  InnoDB: Log file ./ib_logfile1 did not exist: new to be created
InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile1 size to 5 MB
InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...
InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer not found: creating new
InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer created
InnoDB: 127 rollback segment(s) active.
InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables
InnoDB: Foreign key constraint system tables created
150924  8:02:21  InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start
150924  8:02:22 InnoDB: 5.5.35 started; log sequence number 0
150924  8:02:22 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '0.0.0.0'; port: 3306
150924  8:02:22 [Note]   - '0.0.0.0' resolves to '0.0.0.0';
150924  8:02:22 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '0.0.0.0'.
150924  8:02:22 [ERROR] Fatal error: Can't open and lock privilege tables: Table 'mysql.host' doesn't exist
150924 08:02:22 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ended

现在数据文件夹的内容如下（一些必要的文件不存在）：

Mysql进程是从容器内的Mysql用户运行的，该用户在主机上不存在

ps aux
USER       PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
root         1  0.4  0.0   4440   776 ?        Ss   08:07   0:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe
mysql      352  1.0  0.7 492520 55636 ?        Sl   08:07   0:00 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib/mysql/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mysql/error.log --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mys
root       370  1.0  0.0  18136  1860 ?        Ss   08:08   0:00 bash
root       385  0.0  0.0  15564  1140 ?        R+   08:08   0:00 ps aux

问：Docker文档说，VOLUME命令和-v选项也应该这样做，请解释为什么我可以使用VOLUME，但不能使用“-v”。

Ubuntu 14.04.2 LTS Docker 1.6.0版，构建4749651，回答您的问题

有两种风格的

-v

选项。实际上与

VOLUME

指令相同，看起来像

-v/var/lib/mysql-v/var/log/mysql

。它为容器定义了一个卷

您在示例中使用的表单是不同的，因为它将主机目录装载到容器的FS。看

ls -l    
-rw-rw---- 1 messagebus messagebus 18874368 Sep 24 11:02 ibdata1
-rw-rw---- 1 messagebus messagebus  5242880 Sep 24 11:02 ib_logfile0
-rw-rw---- 1 messagebus messagebus  5242880 Sep 24 11:02 ib_logfile1

ps aux
USER       PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
root         1  0.4  0.0   4440   776 ?        Ss   08:07   0:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe
mysql      352  1.0  0.7 492520 55636 ?        Sl   08:07   0:00 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib/mysql/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mysql/error.log --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mys
root       370  1.0  0.0  18136  1860 ?        Ss   08:08   0:00 bash
root       385  0.0  0.0  15564  1140 ?        R+   08:08   0:00 ps aux