Node.js Raspberry BLE加密/配对

我正在尝试使用我的Raspberry Pi 3B与不需要PIN的支持BLE的设备进行通信

我第一次尝试在iOS上使用cordova BLE central（）使用Ionic，效果如预期，以下是交换的数据包：

iOS（打包记录器）

对于raspberry，我使用的是noble（），我能够发现设备和读取特性，但写命令似乎没有按预期工作

hcidump

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo hcidump -t -x
HCI sniffer - Bluetooth packet analyzer ver 5.50
device: hci0 snap_len: 1500 filter: 0xffffffff
2020-06-02 08:49:48.643635 < HCI Command: Set Event Mask (0x03|0x0001) plen 8
    Mask: 0xfffffbff07f8bf3d
2020-06-02 08:49:48.644192 > HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 4
    Set Event Mask (0x03|0x0001) ncmd 1
    status 0x00
2020-06-02 08:49:48.644641 < HCI Command: LE Set Event Mask (0x08|0x0001) plen 8
    mask 0x1f00000000000000 (Reserved)
2020-06-02 08:49:48.645116 > HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 4
    LE Set Event Mask (0x08|0x0001) ncmd 1
    status 0x00
2020-06-02 08:49:48.645147 < HCI Command: Read Local Version Information (0x04|0x0001) plen 0
2020-06-02 08:49:48.645641 > HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 12
    Read Local Version Information (0x04|0x0001) ncmd 1
    status 0x00
    HCI Version: 4.1 (0x7) HCI Revision: 0x1ed
    LMP Version: 4.1 (0x7) LMP Subversion: 0x2209
    Manufacturer: Broadcom Corporation (15)
2020-06-02 08:49:48.645672 < HCI Command: Write LE Host Supported (0x03|0x006d) plen 2
  01 00 
2020-06-02 08:49:48.646081 > HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 4
    Write LE Host Supported (0x03|0x006d) ncmd 1
    00 
2020-06-02 08:49:48.646264 < HCI Command: Read LE Host Supported (0x03|0x006c) plen 0
2020-06-02 08:49:48.646731 > HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 6
    Read LE Host Supported (0x03|0x006c) ncmd 1
    00 01 00 
2020-06-02 08:49:48.646767 < HCI Command: Read BD ADDR (0x04|0x0009) plen 0
2020-06-02 08:49:48.647206 > HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 10
    Read BD ADDR (0x04|0x0009) ncmd 1
    status 0x00 bdaddr B8:27:EB:08:5F:F0
2020-06-02 08:49:48.654744 < HCI Command: LE Set Scan Enable (0x08|0x000c) plen 2
    value 0x00 (scanning disabled)
    filter duplicates 0x01 (enabled)
2020-06-02 08:49:48.655164 > HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 4
    LE Set Scan Enable (0x08|0x000c) ncmd 1
    status 0x0c
    Error: Command Disallowed
2020-06-02 08:49:48.655465 < HCI Command: LE Set Scan Parameters (0x08|0x000b) plen 7
    type 0x01 (active)
    interval 10.000ms window 10.000ms
    own address: 0x00 (Public) policy: All
2020-06-02 08:49:48.655928 > HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 4
    LE Set Scan Parameters (0x08|0x000b) ncmd 1
    status 0x00
2020-06-02 08:49:48.669824 < HCI Command: LE Set Scan Enable (0x08|0x000c) plen 2
    value 0x00 (scanning disabled)
    filter duplicates 0x01 (enabled)
2020-06-02 08:49:48.670225 > HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 4
    LE Set Scan Enable (0x08|0x000c) ncmd 1
    status 0x0c
    Error: Command Disallowed
2020-06-02 08:49:48.670261 < HCI Command: LE Set Scan Parameters (0x08|0x000b) plen 7
    type 0x01 (active)
    interval 10.000ms window 10.000ms
    own address: 0x00 (Public) policy: All
2020-06-02 08:49:48.670716 > HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 4
    LE Set Scan Parameters (0x08|0x000b) ncmd 1
    status 0x00
2020-06-02 08:49:48.670754 < HCI Command: LE Set Scan Enable (0x08|0x000c) plen 2
    value 0x01 (scanning enabled)
    filter duplicates 0x01 (enabled)
2020-06-02 08:49:48.671215 > HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 4
    LE Set Scan Enable (0x08|0x000c) ncmd 1
    status 0x00
2020-06-02 08:49:48.842103 > HCI Event: LE Meta Event (0x3e) plen 27
    LE Advertising Report
      ADV_IND - Connectable undirected advertising (0)
      bdaddr 9C:20:7B:BE:14:6E (Public)
      Flags: 0x1a
      Unknown type 0xff with 10 bytes data
      RSSI: -68
2020-06-02 08:49:48.842525 > HCI Event: LE Meta Event (0x3e) plen 12
    LE Advertising Report
      SCAN_RSP - Scan Response (4)
      bdaddr 9C:20:7B:BE:14:6E (Public)
      RSSI: -68
2020-06-02 08:49:49.384917 > HCI Event: LE Meta Event (0x3e) plen 33
    LE Advertising Report
      ADV_IND - Connectable undirected advertising (0)
      bdaddr C4:64:E3:9B:04:44 (Public)
      Flags: 0x06
      Unknown type 0x06 with 16 bytes data
      RSSI: -95
2020-06-02 08:49:49.385781 > HCI Event: LE Meta Event (0x3e) plen 28
    LE Advertising Report
      SCAN_RSP - Scan Response (4)
      bdaddr C4:64:E3:9B:04:44 (Public)
      Unknown type 0xff with 8 bytes data
      Shortened local name: '315X'
      RSSI: -95
2020-06-02 08:49:49.392478 < HCI Command: LE Set Scan Enable (0x08|0x000c) plen 2
    value 0x00 (scanning disabled)
    filter duplicates 0x01 (enabled)
2020-06-02 08:49:49.394279 > HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 4
    LE Set Scan Enable (0x08|0x000c) ncmd 1
    status 0x00
2020-06-02 08:49:49.399822 < HCI Command: LE Create Connection (0x08|0x000d) plen 25
    bdaddr C4:64:E3:9B:04:44 type 0
    interval 96 window 48 initiator_filter 0
    own_bdaddr_type 0 min_interval 6 max_interval 12
    latency 0 supervision_to 200 min_ce 4 max_ce 6
2020-06-02 08:49:49.400717 > HCI Event: Command Status (0x0f) plen 4
    LE Create Connection (0x08|0x000d) status 0x00 ncmd 1
2020-06-02 08:49:59.914436 > HCI Event: LE Meta Event (0x3e) plen 19
    LE Connection Complete
      status 0x00 handle 64, role master
      bdaddr C4:64:E3:9B:04:44 (Public)
2020-06-02 08:49:59.914783 < HCI Command: LE Read Remote Used Features (0x08|0x0016) plen 2
  40 00 
2020-06-02 08:49:59.915700 > HCI Event: Command Status (0x0f) plen 4
    LE Read Remote Used Features (0x08|0x0016) status 0x00 ncmd 1
2020-06-02 08:50:00.205123 > HCI Event: LE Meta Event (0x3e) plen 12
    LE Read Remote Used Features Complete
      status 0x00 handle 64
      Features: 0x1d 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00
2020-06-02 08:50:00.211514 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 7
    ATT: MTU req (0x02)
      client rx mtu 256
2020-06-02 08:50:00.249993 > ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x02 dlen 7
    ATT: MTU resp (0x03)
      server rx mtu 65
2020-06-02 08:50:00.252698 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 11
    ATT: Read By Group req (0x10)
      start 0x0001, end 0xffff
      type-uuid 0x2800
2020-06-02 08:50:00.295009 > HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
    handle 64 packets 2
2020-06-02 08:50:00.385200 > ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x02 dlen 18
    ATT: Read By Group resp (0x11)
      attr handle 0x0001, end group handle 0x0007
      value 0x00 0x18
      attr handle 0x0008, end group handle 0x0008
      value 0x01 0x18
2020-06-02 08:50:00.386993 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 11
    ATT: Read By Group req (0x10)
      start 0x0009, end 0xffff
      type-uuid 0x2800
2020-06-02 08:50:00.460829 > ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x02 dlen 26
    ATT: Read By Group resp (0x11)
      attr handle 0x0009, end group handle 0xffff
      value 0xe4 0x6d 0xdc 0x75 0xbf 0xdd 0xe5 0x84 0x1a 0x42 0x0e 0x0b 0x01 0x00 0xbd 0x98
2020-06-02 08:50:00.464756 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 11
    ATT: Read By Type req (0x08)
      start 0x0009, end 0xffff
      type-uuid 0x2803
2020-06-02 08:50:00.490056 > HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
    handle 64 packets 2
2020-06-02 08:50:00.520226 > ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x02 dlen 27
2020-06-02 08:50:00.535226 > ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x01 dlen 27
2020-06-02 08:50:00.580143 > ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x01 dlen 15
    ATT: Read By Type resp (0x09)
      length: 21
        handle 0x000a, value 0x04 0x0b 0x00 0xe4 0x6d 0xdc 0x75 0xbf 0xdd 0xe5 0x84 0x1a 0x42 0x0e 0x0b 0x02 0x00 0xbd 0x98 
        handle 0x000d, value 0x12 0x0e 0x00 0xe4 0x6d 0xdc 0x75 0xbf 0xdd 0xe5 0x84 0x1a 0x42 0x0e 0x0b 0x03 0x00 0xbd 0x98 
        handle 0x0011, value 0x02 0x12 0x00 0xe4 0x6d 0xdc 0x75 0xbf 0xdd 0xe5 0x84 0x1a 0x42 0x0e 0x0b 0x04 0x00 0xbd 0x98 
2020-06-02 08:50:00.582577 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 11
    ATT: Read By Type req (0x08)
      start 0x0013, end 0xffff
      type-uuid 0x2803
2020-06-02 08:50:00.730061 > ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x02 dlen 9
    ATT: Error (0x01)
      Error: Attribute not found (10)
      Read By Type req (0x08) on handle 0x0013
2020-06-02 08:50:00.737443 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 7
    ATT: Read req (0x0a)
      handle 0x0012
2020-06-02 08:50:00.759998 > HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
    handle 64 packets 2
2020-06-02 08:50:00.760889 > ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x02 dlen 25
    ATT: Read resp (0x0b)
      41 75 74 6F 6D 6F 77 65 72 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 
2020-06-02 08:50:00.823478 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 32
    ATT: Write cmd (0x52)
      handle 0x000b value  0x02 0xfd 0x01 0x60 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x2e 0x01 0x49 0x01 0x1f 0x8f 0x07 0x50 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x04 0x0d
2020-06-02 08:50:00.828900 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 14
    ATT: Write cmd (0x52)
      handle 0x000b value  0x61 0x69 0x06 0xe0 0x00 0xf0 0x03
2020-06-02 08:50:00.940081 > HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
    handle 64 packets 2
2020-06-02 08:50:01.294462 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 24
    ATT: Write cmd (0x52)
      handle 0x000b value  0x02 0xfd 0x00 0xa0 0x00 0x91 0x1f 0x08 0xf7 0x05 0x00 0x7c 0x00 0x80 0x01 0x28 0x03
2020-06-02 08:50:01.562877 > HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
    handle 64 packets 1
2020-06-02 08:50:01.774077 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 32
    ATT: Write cmd (0x52)
      handle 0x000b value  0x02 0xfd 0x01 0x00 0x00 0x91 0x1f 0x08 0xf7 0x05 0x01 0x52 0x00 0x0a 0x0f 0x5a 0x12 0x00 0x20 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x02 0x30 0x03
2020-06-02 08:50:01.937876 > HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
    handle 64 packets 1
2020-06-02 08:50:02.281245 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 32
    ATT: Write cmd (0x52)
      handle 0x000b value  0x02 0xfd 0x01 0x00 0x00 0x91 0x1f 0x08 0xf7 0x05 0x01 0x52 0x00 0x0a 0x0f 0x38 0x12 0x00 0x20 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x08 0xe0 0x03
2020-06-02 08:50:02.562878 > HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
    handle 64 packets 1
2020-06-02 08:50:02.773394 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 32
    ATT: Write cmd (0x52)
      handle 0x000b value  0x02 0xfd 0x01 0x20 0x00 0x91 0x1f 0x08 0xf7 0x05 0x01 0x28 0x00 0x0a 0x0f 0x38 0x12 0x00 0x40 0x00 0x02 0x00 0x0d 0x20 0x04
2020-06-02 08:50:02.776651 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 9
    ATT: Write cmd (0x52)
      handle 0x000b value  0xee 0x03
2020-06-02 08:50:02.876322 > HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
    handle 64 packets 2
2020-06-02 08:50:03.284576 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 32
    ATT: Write cmd (0x52)
      handle 0x000b value  0x02 0xfd 0x01 0x00 0x00 0x91 0x1f 0x08 0xf7 0x05 0x01 0x52 0x00 0x0a 0x0f 0x38 0x12 0x00 0x30 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x10 0x03
2020-06-02 08:50:03.437917 > HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
    handle 64 packets 1
2020-06-02 08:50:03.773593 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 32
    ATT: Write cmd (0x52)
      handle 0x000b value  0x02 0xfd 0x01 0x00 0x00 0x91 0x1f 0x08 0xf7 0x05 0x01 0x52 0x00 0x0a 0x0f 0xea 0x11 0x00 0x50 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x0e 0xc0 0x03
2020-06-02 08:50:03.937996 > HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5
    handle 64 packets 1

在Pi上，我只有一个创建连接：

2020-06-02 08:49:49.399822 < HCI Command: LE Create Connection (0x08|0x000d) plen 25
    bdaddr C4:64:E3:9B:04:44 type 0
    interval 96 window 48 initiator_filter 0
    own_bdaddr_type 0 min_interval 6 max_interval 12
    latency 0 supervision_to 200 min_ce 4 max_ce 6

编辑

好的，当我尝试订阅notify特性但配对失败时，似乎触发了加密过程：

2020-06-02 10:57:45.657381 > ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x02 dlen 9
    ATT: Error (0x01)
      Error: Insufficient authentication (5)
      Read By Type req (0x08) on handle 0x000f
2020-06-02 10:57:45.658692 < ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x00 dlen 11
    SMP: Pairing Request (0x01)
      capability 0x03 oob 0x00 auth req 0x01
      max key size 0x10 init key dist 0x00 resp key dist 0x01
      Capability: NoInputNoOutput (OOB data not present)
      Authentication: Bonding (No MITM Protection)
      Initiator Key Distribution:    
      Responder Key Distribution:  LTK  
2020-06-02 10:57:45.687326 > ACL data: handle 64 flags 0x02 dlen 6
    SMP: Pairing Failed (0x05)
      reason 0x05
      Reason Pairing Not Supported

2020-06-02 10:57:45.657381>ACL数据：句柄64标志0x02 dlen 9
收件人：错误（0x01）
错误：身份验证不足（5）
按句柄0x000f上的类型req（0x08）读取
2020-06-02 10:57:45.658692ACL数据：句柄64标志0x02 dlen 6
SMP:配对失败（0x05）
原因0x05
不支持原因配对

我不知道如何解决这个配对问题

编辑2

---

看起来这是一个允许不一致配对的设备问题，或者是通过一个特定的gatt命令激活的，我将深入研究以找出发生这种情况的原因，因为Raspberry Pi不支持配对。您可以通过组合使用btmgmt和bluetoothctl命令来解决此问题：-

sudo btmgmt power off
sudo btmgmt discov on
sudo btmgmt connectable on
sudo btmgmt pairable on
sudo btmgmt power on

此外，根据日志，您已将IO功能设置为0x03（NoInputNoOutput）。您可以通过以下方式启动bluetoothctl来更改此设置：-

bluetoothctl --agent KeyboardDisplay

之后，系统会提示您输入密钥或接受Raspberry Pi上的传入连接。您可以使用所有不同的IO功能来查看哪种功能最适合您。执行此操作的命令有：-

bluetoothctl --agent DisplayOnly
bluetoothctl --agent DisplayYesNo
bluetoothctl --agent KeyboardOnly
bluetoothctl --agent NoInputNoOutput
bluetoothctl --agent KeyboardDisplay

更多细节可以在下面的链接中找到

---

我希望这能有所帮助。

我也有类似的问题。我使用了Raspberry Pi 4和nRF连接工具。 我可以把这些设备连接起来。但是，即使在绑定之后，它也无法读取加密的gatt特征

中给出了问题的根本原因和解决方案

问题：

启动Pi

启动代理、广告和gatt服务器

把设备绑起来

连接它

尝试读取加密特征。它失败了

根本原因：

经过多次挖掘，我注意到这个问题是由国家造成的 蓝牙芯片在BlueZ启动时已插入（您可以检查 具有hciconfig（hci0）的状态。如果它处于“启动运行”状态或 “正在运行PSCAN ISCAN”状态下，BlueZ抱怨一个或多个 这些：

未能设置模式：已拒绝（0x0b）未能设置模式：已拒绝 （0x0b）设置隐私失败：已拒绝（0x0b）

但如果它处于“关闭”状态，BlueZ一开始就没有问题。那么，你呢 在蓝牙服务之前，首先必须先进行hciconfig hci0关闭 启动。但在使用hciconfig之前，还需要确保 sys-subsystem-bluetooth-devices-hci0.device服务已启动

解决方案1:

我最终禁用了自动引导序列，并改为运行以下脚本：

systemctl start sys-subsystem-bluetooth-devices-hci0.device; hciconfig hci0 down; systemctl start bluetooth

解决方案2:

将bthelper的运行延迟几秒钟修复了此问题 问题，而无需禁用自动引导序列 并运行任何手动命令

我在/lib/systemd/system中添加了一行ExecStartPre/bthelper@.service 这样，服务部分现在看起来如下所示：

---

谢谢，我会尽力让你知道的。我最新的搜索结果让我认为它可能与BLE版本有关，其中设备使用4.2，而Pi 3B使用4.0。另外，请查看更多信息。我不认为它与BLE版本有关，因为配对是向后兼容的。如果将4.2设备与4.0设备配对，则将使用4.0配对。是的，试试看，让我知道它是否适合你。在我以前玩过设置和IO功能之后，这对我来说是有效的，所以我希望它也对你有效。即使在btmgmt和bluetoothctl之后，我仍然得到SMP配对失败错误：我终于成功配对了！这看起来像是一个设备问题，允许不一致的配对，或者是通过特定的gatt命令激活的，我将深入了解。无论如何，非常感谢你的时间和努力

bluetoothctl --agent KeyboardDisplay

bluetoothctl --agent DisplayOnly
bluetoothctl --agent DisplayYesNo
bluetoothctl --agent KeyboardOnly
bluetoothctl --agent NoInputNoOutput
bluetoothctl --agent KeyboardDisplay

systemctl start sys-subsystem-bluetooth-devices-hci0.device; hciconfig hci0 down; systemctl start bluetooth

[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStartPre=/bin/sleep 2
ExecStart=/usr/bin/bthelper %I