Php 正则表达式：使用不在单引号中的逗号进行拆分，允许使用转义引号

我正在寻找一个在PHP5中使用preg_match_all的正则表达式，它允许我用逗号分割字符串，只要逗号不存在于单引号中，允许使用转义单引号。示例数据如下：

(some_array, 'some, string goes here','another_string','this string may contain "double quotes" but, it can\'t split, on escaped single quotes', anonquotedstring, 83448545, 1210597346 + '000', 1241722133 + '000')

这将生成一个如下所示的匹配：

(some_array

'some, string goes here'

'another_string'

'this string may contain "double quotes" but, it can\'t split, on escaped single quotes'

 anonquotedstring

 83448545

 1210597346 + '000'

 1241722133 + '000')

我试过很多很多正则表达式。。。我现在的一个看起来像这样，虽然它不是100%正确匹配。（它仍然在单引号内拆分一些逗号。）

“/”（.*）（您试过了吗？它不需要正则表达式就可以完全满足您的需要

$result = str_getcsv($str, ",", "'");

您甚至可以在早于5.3的PHP版本中实现此方法，使用文档中的以下代码片段映射到
fgetcsv
：

if (!function_exists('str_getcsv')) {

    function str_getcsv($input, $delimiter = ',', $enclosure = '"', $escape = null, $eol = null) {
        $temp = fopen("php://memory", "rw");
        fwrite($temp, $input);
        fseek($temp, 0);
        $r = fgetcsv($temp, 4096, $delimiter, $enclosure);
        fclose($temp);
        return $r;
    }

}

在PHP5.3以后的版本中，您可以使用

以你为例

$input=<<<STR
(some_array, 'some, string goes here','another_string','this string may contain "double quotes" but it can\'t split on escaped single quotes', anonquotedstring, 83448545, 1210597346 + '000', 1241722133 + '000')
STR;

$data=str_getcsv($input, ",", "'");
print_r($data);

我支持在这里使用CSV解析器，这就是它们的用途

如果你坚持使用正则表达式，你可以使用

preg_match_all(
    '/\s*"    # either match " (optional preceding whitespace),
     (?:\\\\. # followed either by an escaped character
     |        # or
     [^"]     # any character except "
     )*       # any number of times,
    "\s*      # followed by " (and optional whitespace).
    |         # Or: do the same thing for single-quoted strings.
    \s*\'(?:\\\\.|[^\'])*\'\s*
    |         # Or:
    [^,]*     # match anything except commas (i.e. any remaining unquoted strings)
    /x', 
    $subject, $result, PREG_PATTERN_ORDER);
$result = $result[0];

但是，正如你所看到的，这很难看，也很难维护。请使用合适的工具来完成这项工作。
回头看看，你可以得到接近你想要的东西：

$test = "(some_array, 'some, string goes here','another_string','this string may contain \"double quotes\" but, it can\'t split, on escaped single quotes', anonquotedstring, 83448545, 1210597346 + '000', 1241722133 + '000')";
preg_match_all('`
(?:[^,\']|
   \'((?<=\\\\)\'|[^\'])*\')*
`x', $test, $result);
print_r($result);

这是可以做到的，但比大多数人想象的要困难得多；看起来你现在感觉到了困难。在PHP中真的没有库函数来处理这个问题吗？在Perl中有。如果到那时你还没有得到一个好的答案，我可能会试着稍后为你整理正则表达式。天哪……我觉得很笨，哈哈……一直在做PHP编写了八年的代码，但从未使用过该函数。此解决方案有效。str_getcsv不是有效的函数，因为我没有运行PHP 5.3+。不幸的是，str_getcsv在处理单引号内逗号的方式上不一致：@greggles:我不知道对CSV的任何解释允许单引号作为字符串附件。它不在但是，PHP确实允许你根据Doc来把这个包设置成单引号。Google Poice，AdYe。我的情况恰好包括“作为字段外壳，虽然我不知道为什么。我肯定会考虑在将来移动”。第二个数组是“e g s 0”？你打算把它扔掉吗？
Array
(
    [0] => (some_array
    [1] => some, string goes here
    [2] => another_string
    [3] => this string may contain "double quotes" but it can\'t split on escaped single quotes
    [4] => anonquotedstring
    [5] => 83448545
    [6] => 1210597346 + '000'
    [7] => 1241722133 + '000')
)

preg_match_all(
    '/\s*"    # either match " (optional preceding whitespace),
     (?:\\\\. # followed either by an escaped character
     |        # or
     [^"]     # any character except "
     )*       # any number of times,
    "\s*      # followed by " (and optional whitespace).
    |         # Or: do the same thing for single-quoted strings.
    \s*\'(?:\\\\.|[^\'])*\'\s*
    |         # Or:
    [^,]*     # match anything except commas (i.e. any remaining unquoted strings)
    /x', 
    $subject, $result, PREG_PATTERN_ORDER);
$result = $result[0];

$test = "(some_array, 'some, string goes here','another_string','this string may contain \"double quotes\" but, it can\'t split, on escaped single quotes', anonquotedstring, 83448545, 1210597346 + '000', 1241722133 + '000')";
preg_match_all('`
(?:[^,\']|
   \'((?<=\\\\)\'|[^\'])*\')*
`x', $test, $result);
print_r($result);

Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [0] => (some_array
            [1] => 
            [2] =>  'some, string goes here'
            [3] => 
            [4] => 'another_string'
            [5] => 
            [6] => 'this string may contain "double quotes" but, it can\'t split, on escaped single quotes'
            [7] => 
            [8] =>  anonquotedstring
            [9] => 
            [10] =>  83448545
            [11] => 
            [12] =>  1210597346 + '000'
            [13] => 
            [14] =>  1241722133 + '000')
            [15] => 
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [0] => 
            [1] => 
            [2] => e
            [3] => 
            [4] => g
            [5] => 
            [6] => s
            [7] => 
            [8] => 
            [9] => 
            [10] => 
            [11] => 
            [12] => 0
            [13] => 
            [14] => 0
            [15] => 
        )

)