Postgresql 使用安装在不同Postgres模式中的Postgis扩展

我正在尝试建立我的第一个Postgres数据库，但是我很困惑为什么在一个模式中启用Postgis，然后在另一个模式中使用它会有问题

我在Postgres v12中使用Google云SQL。 我通过云SQL代理连接，并通过pgAdmin4和Jupyter笔记本（SQLAlchemy）连接到服务器

我的目标是通过geopandas将一个充满点的形状文件写入数据库的表中

基于此，我正试图将postgis安装到一个单独的模式中，同时创建更多不同的模式，以便将我的数据实际放入其中。 我正在geopandas中打开shapefile，然后使用.to_postgis（）尝试将shapefile内容保存到我的一个数据模式中的新表中。这总是失败的

但是，如果我尝试将geodataframe写入extensions模式，它就可以正常工作。这让我觉得搜索路径有问题，但不知道是什么。 我正在按照建议设置搜索路径。 我尝试了一系列的方法来设置搜索路径，但我认为我对它的功能和工作原理缺乏基本的了解

以下是工作流程：

• （在谷歌云SQL上创建postgres服务器）
• （启动并运行代理）
• （连接到pgAdmin）
• （在pgAdmin中创建一个名为“mydb”的数据库，相当于“创建数据库mydb”）
• （在pgAdmin中打开查询工具）

SQL:

然后在jupyter笔记本中：

# imports
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
import geopandas as gpd

# connect to database
dbschema = 'geodata' # note, if I change this to 'extensions' it works
engine = create_engine('postgresql+psycopg2://postgres:<password>@localhost:5432/mydb', connect_args={'options': '-csearch_path={}'.format(dbschema)})

# Open shapefile
gdf = gpd.read_file(r"C:\path\to\shapefile.shp")

# Attempt to write shapefile to postgis
gdf.to_postgis(name = 'geotable', con = engine)

#导入
从sqlalchemy导入创建引擎
作为gpd导入geopandas
#连接到数据库
dbschema='geodata'#注意，如果我将其更改为'extensions'，它会工作
engine=create_engine（'postgresql+psycopg2://postgres:@localhost:5432/mydb'，connect_args={'options'：'-csearch_path={}'。格式（dbschema）}）
#开放形文件
gdf=gpd.read\u文件（r“C:\path\to\shapefile.shp”）
#尝试将shapefile写入postgis
gdf.to_postgis（name='geotable'，con=engine）

这就是我得到的错误：

UndefinedObject                           Traceback (most recent call last)
~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\engine\base.py in _execute_context(self, dialect, constructor, statement, parameters, *args)
   1275                 if not evt_handled:
-> 1276                     self.dialect.do_execute(
   1277                         cursor, statement, parameters, context

~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\engine\default.py in do_execute(self, cursor, statement, parameters, context)
    592     def do_execute(self, cursor, statement, parameters, context=None):
--> 593         cursor.execute(statement, parameters)
    594 

UndefinedObject: type "geometry" does not exist
LINE 7:  geometry geometry(POINT,28354)
                  ^


The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

ProgrammingError                          Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-6-a0dc69a1128e> in <module>
      1 from geoalchemy2 import Geometry
----> 2 gdf.to_postgis(name = 'vines', con = engine, if_exists = 'replace')

~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site-packages\geopandas\geodataframe.py in to_postgis(self, name, con, schema, if_exists, index, index_label, chunksize, dtype)
   1095         >>> gdf.to_postgis("my_table", engine)
   1096         """
-> 1097         geopandas.io.sql._write_postgis(
   1098             self, name, con, schema, if_exists, index, index_label, chunksize, dtype
   1099         )

~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site-packages\geopandas\io\sql.py in _write_postgis(gdf, name, con, schema, if_exists, index, index_label, chunksize, dtype)
    390     with con.begin() as connection:
    391 
--> 392         gdf.to_sql(
    393             name,
    394             connection,

~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\generic.py in to_sql(self, name, con, schema, if_exists, index, index_label, chunksize, dtype, method)
   2651         from pandas.io import sql
   2652 
-> 2653         sql.to_sql(
   2654             self,
   2655             name,

~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site-packages\pandas\io\sql.py in to_sql(frame, name, con, schema, if_exists, index, index_label, chunksize, dtype, method)
    510         )
    511 
--> 512     pandas_sql.to_sql(
    513         frame,
    514         name,

~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site-packages\pandas\io\sql.py in to_sql(self, frame, name, if_exists, index, index_label, schema, chunksize, dtype, method)
   1314             dtype=dtype,
   1315         )
-> 1316         table.create()
   1317         table.insert(chunksize, method=method)
   1318         if not name.isdigit() and not name.islower():

~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site-packages\pandas\io\sql.py in create(self)
    653                 raise ValueError(f"'{self.if_exists}' is not valid for if_exists")
    654         else:
--> 655             self._execute_create()
    656 
    657     def _execute_insert(self, conn, keys, data_iter):

~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site-packages\pandas\io\sql.py in _execute_create(self)
    639         # Inserting table into database, add to MetaData object
    640         self.table = self.table.tometadata(self.pd_sql.meta)
--> 641         self.table.create()
    642 
    643     def create(self):

~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\sql\schema.py in create(self, bind, checkfirst)
    925         if bind is None:
    926             bind = _bind_or_error(self)
--> 927         bind._run_visitor(ddl.SchemaGenerator, self, checkfirst=checkfirst)
    928 
    929     def drop(self, bind=None, checkfirst=False):

~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\engine\base.py in _run_visitor(self, visitorcallable, element, **kwargs)
   1654 
   1655     def _run_visitor(self, visitorcallable, element, **kwargs):
-> 1656         visitorcallable(self.dialect, self, **kwargs).traverse_single(element)
   1657 
   1658 

~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\sql\visitors.py in traverse_single(self, obj, **kw)
    143             meth = getattr(v, "visit_%s" % obj.__visit_name__, None)
    144             if meth:
--> 145                 return meth(obj, **kw)
    146 
    147     def iterate(self, obj):

~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\sql\ddl.py in visit_table(self, table, create_ok, include_foreign_key_constraints, _is_metadata_operation)
    825             include_foreign_key_constraints = None
    826 
--> 827         self.connection.execute(
    828             # fmt: off
    829             CreateTable(

~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\engine\base.py in execute(self, object_, *multiparams, **params)
   1009             )
   1010         else:
-> 1011             return meth(self, multiparams, params)
   1012 
   1013     def _execute_function(self, func, multiparams, params):

~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\sql\ddl.py in _execute_on_connection(self, connection, multiparams, params)
     70 
     71     def _execute_on_connection(self, connection, multiparams, params):
---> 72         return connection._execute_ddl(self, multiparams, params)
     73 
     74     def execute(self, bind=None, target=None):

~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\engine\base.py in _execute_ddl(self, ddl, multiparams, params)
   1066             else None,
   1067         )
-> 1068         ret = self._execute_context(
   1069             dialect,
   1070             dialect.execution_ctx_cls._init_ddl,

~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\engine\base.py in _execute_context(self, dialect, constructor, statement, parameters, *args)
   1314 
   1315         except BaseException as e:
-> 1316             self._handle_dbapi_exception(
   1317                 e, statement, parameters, cursor, context
   1318             )

~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\engine\base.py in _handle_dbapi_exception(self, e, statement, parameters, cursor, context)
   1508                 util.raise_(newraise, with_traceback=exc_info[2], from_=e)
   1509             elif should_wrap:
-> 1510                 util.raise_(
   1511                     sqlalchemy_exception, with_traceback=exc_info[2], from_=e
   1512                 )

~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\util\compat.py in raise_(***failed resolving arguments***)
    180 
    181         try:
--> 182             raise exception
    183         finally:
    184             # credit to

~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\engine\base.py in _execute_context(self, dialect, constructor, statement, parameters, *args)
   1274                             break
   1275                 if not evt_handled:
-> 1276                     self.dialect.do_execute(
   1277                         cursor, statement, parameters, context
   1278                     )

~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\engine\default.py in do_execute(self, cursor, statement, parameters, context)
    591 
    592     def do_execute(self, cursor, statement, parameters, context=None):
--> 593         cursor.execute(statement, parameters)
    594 
    595     def do_execute_no_params(self, cursor, statement, context=None):

ProgrammingError: (psycopg2.errors.UndefinedObject) type "geometry" does not exist
LINE 7:  geometry geometry(POINT,28354)
                  ^

[SQL: 
CREATE TABLE geotable (
    id BIGINT, 
    geometry geometry(POINT,28354)
)

]
(Background on this error at: http://sqlalche.me/e/13/f405)

UndefinedObject回溯（最近一次调用）
执行上下文中的~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site packages\sqlalchemy\engine\base.py（self、方言、构造函数、语句、参数、*args）
1275如果未处理evt_：
->1276 self.dialogue.do_执行(
1277游标、语句、参数、上下文
dou execute中的~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site packages\sqlalchemy\engine\default.py（self、游标、语句、参数、上下文）
592 def do_execute（self、游标、语句、参数、上下文=无）：
-->593 cursor.execute（语句、参数）
594
未定义对象：类型“几何体”不存在
第7行：几何图形（点，28354）
^
上述异常是以下异常的直接原因：
编程错误回溯（最近一次调用上次）
在里面
1来自地球炼金术2导入几何体
---->2 gdf.to_postgis（名称='vines'，con=引擎，如果_存在='replace'）
~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site packages\geopandas\geodataframe.py in to_postgis（self、name、con、schema、如果存在、索引、索引标签、chunksize、数据类型）
1095>>>gdf.to_postgis（“我的表格”，引擎）
1096         """
->1097 geopandas.io.sql.\u write\u postgis(
1098 self，name，con，schema，如果存在，索引，索引标签，chunksize，数据类型
1099         )
postgis中的~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site packages\geopandas\io\sql.py（gdf、名称、con、模式、如果存在、索引、索引标签、chunksize、数据类型）
390以con.begin（）作为连接：
391
-->392 gdf.to_sql(
393姓名，
394连接，
~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site packages\pandas\core\generic.py in to_sql（self、name、con、schema、如果_存在、索引、索引标签、chunksize、数据类型、方法）
2651从pandas.io导入sql
2652
->2653 sql.to_sql(
2654自我，
2655姓名，
~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site packages\pandas\io\sql.py in to_sql（框架、名称、con、模式，如果存在，索引、索引标签、chunksize、数据类型、方法）
510         )
511
-->512\u sql.to\u sql(
513帧，
514姓名，
~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site packages\pandas\io\sql.py in to_sql（self、frame、name、if_存在、index、index_标签、schema、chunksize、dtype、method）
1314数据类型=数据类型，
1315         )
->1316 table.create（）
1317 table.insert（chunksize，method=method）
1318如果不是name.isdigit（）而不是name.islower（）：
~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site packages\pandas\io\sql.py在create（self）中
653提升值错误（f“{self.if_exists}”对于if_exists无效）
654其他：
-->655自我执行创建（）
656
657定义执行插入（自身、连接、键、数据输入）：
~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site packages\pandas\io\sql.py in\u execute\u create（self）
639#将表插入数据库，添加到元数据对象
640 self.table=self.table.tometadata（self.pd\u sql.meta）
-->641 self.table.create（）
642
643 def创建（自）：
在create（self、bind、checkfirst）中使用~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site packages\sqlalchemy\sql\schema.py
925如果bind为None：
926绑定=\u绑定\u或\u错误（自身）
-->927绑定。运行访问者（ddl.SchemaGenerator，self，checkfirst=checkfirst）
928
929 def drop（self，bind=None，checkfirst=False）：
~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site packages\sqlalchemy\engine\base.py in\u run\u visitor（self，visitorcallable，element，**kwargs）
1654
1655定义运行访问者（自我、访问者可调用、元素，**kwargs）：
->1656 visitorcallable（self.dialogue，self，**kwargs）。遍历单个（元素）
1657
1658
~\Anaconda3\en
UndefinedObject                           Traceback (most recent call last)
~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\engine\base.py in _execute_context(self, dialect, constructor, statement, parameters, *args)
   1275                 if not evt_handled:
-> 1276                     self.dialect.do_execute(
   1277                         cursor, statement, parameters, context

~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\engine\default.py in do_execute(self, cursor, statement, parameters, context)
    592     def do_execute(self, cursor, statement, parameters, context=None):
--> 593         cursor.execute(statement, parameters)
    594 

UndefinedObject: type "geometry" does not exist
LINE 7:  geometry geometry(POINT,28354)
                  ^


The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

ProgrammingError                          Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-6-a0dc69a1128e> in <module>
      1 from geoalchemy2 import Geometry
----> 2 gdf.to_postgis(name = 'vines', con = engine, if_exists = 'replace')

~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site-packages\geopandas\geodataframe.py in to_postgis(self, name, con, schema, if_exists, index, index_label, chunksize, dtype)
   1095         >>> gdf.to_postgis("my_table", engine)
   1096         """
-> 1097         geopandas.io.sql._write_postgis(
   1098             self, name, con, schema, if_exists, index, index_label, chunksize, dtype
   1099         )

~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site-packages\geopandas\io\sql.py in _write_postgis(gdf, name, con, schema, if_exists, index, index_label, chunksize, dtype)
    390     with con.begin() as connection:
    391 
--> 392         gdf.to_sql(
    393             name,
    394             connection,

~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\generic.py in to_sql(self, name, con, schema, if_exists, index, index_label, chunksize, dtype, method)
   2651         from pandas.io import sql
   2652 
-> 2653         sql.to_sql(
   2654             self,
   2655             name,

~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site-packages\pandas\io\sql.py in to_sql(frame, name, con, schema, if_exists, index, index_label, chunksize, dtype, method)
    510         )
    511 
--> 512     pandas_sql.to_sql(
    513         frame,
    514         name,

~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site-packages\pandas\io\sql.py in to_sql(self, frame, name, if_exists, index, index_label, schema, chunksize, dtype, method)
   1314             dtype=dtype,
   1315         )
-> 1316         table.create()
   1317         table.insert(chunksize, method=method)
   1318         if not name.isdigit() and not name.islower():

~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site-packages\pandas\io\sql.py in create(self)
    653                 raise ValueError(f"'{self.if_exists}' is not valid for if_exists")
    654         else:
--> 655             self._execute_create()
    656 
    657     def _execute_insert(self, conn, keys, data_iter):

~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site-packages\pandas\io\sql.py in _execute_create(self)
    639         # Inserting table into database, add to MetaData object
    640         self.table = self.table.tometadata(self.pd_sql.meta)
--> 641         self.table.create()
    642 
    643     def create(self):

~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\sql\schema.py in create(self, bind, checkfirst)
    925         if bind is None:
    926             bind = _bind_or_error(self)
--> 927         bind._run_visitor(ddl.SchemaGenerator, self, checkfirst=checkfirst)
    928 
    929     def drop(self, bind=None, checkfirst=False):

~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\engine\base.py in _run_visitor(self, visitorcallable, element, **kwargs)
   1654 
   1655     def _run_visitor(self, visitorcallable, element, **kwargs):
-> 1656         visitorcallable(self.dialect, self, **kwargs).traverse_single(element)
   1657 
   1658 

~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\sql\visitors.py in traverse_single(self, obj, **kw)
    143             meth = getattr(v, "visit_%s" % obj.__visit_name__, None)
    144             if meth:
--> 145                 return meth(obj, **kw)
    146 
    147     def iterate(self, obj):

~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\sql\ddl.py in visit_table(self, table, create_ok, include_foreign_key_constraints, _is_metadata_operation)
    825             include_foreign_key_constraints = None
    826 
--> 827         self.connection.execute(
    828             # fmt: off
    829             CreateTable(

~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\engine\base.py in execute(self, object_, *multiparams, **params)
   1009             )
   1010         else:
-> 1011             return meth(self, multiparams, params)
   1012 
   1013     def _execute_function(self, func, multiparams, params):

~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\sql\ddl.py in _execute_on_connection(self, connection, multiparams, params)
     70 
     71     def _execute_on_connection(self, connection, multiparams, params):
---> 72         return connection._execute_ddl(self, multiparams, params)
     73 
     74     def execute(self, bind=None, target=None):

~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\engine\base.py in _execute_ddl(self, ddl, multiparams, params)
   1066             else None,
   1067         )
-> 1068         ret = self._execute_context(
   1069             dialect,
   1070             dialect.execution_ctx_cls._init_ddl,

~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\engine\base.py in _execute_context(self, dialect, constructor, statement, parameters, *args)
   1314 
   1315         except BaseException as e:
-> 1316             self._handle_dbapi_exception(
   1317                 e, statement, parameters, cursor, context
   1318             )

~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\engine\base.py in _handle_dbapi_exception(self, e, statement, parameters, cursor, context)
   1508                 util.raise_(newraise, with_traceback=exc_info[2], from_=e)
   1509             elif should_wrap:
-> 1510                 util.raise_(
   1511                     sqlalchemy_exception, with_traceback=exc_info[2], from_=e
   1512                 )

~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\util\compat.py in raise_(***failed resolving arguments***)
    180 
    181         try:
--> 182             raise exception
    183         finally:
    184             # credit to

~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\engine\base.py in _execute_context(self, dialect, constructor, statement, parameters, *args)
   1274                             break
   1275                 if not evt_handled:
-> 1276                     self.dialect.do_execute(
   1277                         cursor, statement, parameters, context
   1278                     )

~\Anaconda3\envs\rasterio\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\engine\default.py in do_execute(self, cursor, statement, parameters, context)
    591 
    592     def do_execute(self, cursor, statement, parameters, context=None):
--> 593         cursor.execute(statement, parameters)
    594 
    595     def do_execute_no_params(self, cursor, statement, context=None):

ProgrammingError: (psycopg2.errors.UndefinedObject) type "geometry" does not exist
LINE 7:  geometry geometry(POINT,28354)
                  ^

[SQL: 
CREATE TABLE geotable (
    id BIGINT, 
    geometry geometry(POINT,28354)
)

]
(Background on this error at: http://sqlalche.me/e/13/f405)

dbschema = 'geodata,extensions,public'