返回消息，而不是powershell中msi的退出代码

有没有办法让msiexec返回错误/成功消息，而不是默认的退出代码？例如：

msiexec /i "D:/path/installer.msi"

可能返回

1603

，引用说明了这一点

安装过程中发生致命错误

---

我希望返回消息，甚至返回错误代码

error\u INSTALL\u FAILURE

，而不是退出代码

1603

不，msi不能用消息本身替换错误代码。

---

正如Ansgar Wiechers所说，msi的目的是在您执行它的每台机器上，在同一个文件夹（例如C:\Windows\Temp）上创建一个日志文件。使用/l参数，您可以修改该文件中的输出。如果您需要一个全面的日志，您应该从

voicewarmupx

开始。MSI安装并不总是返回1603。1603的主要原因是自定义操作失败，Windows Installer不知道自定义操作代码失败的原因，并且该自定义操作代码不够健壮，无法处理其自身的错误并在导致安装失败（可能会回滚）之前提供消息。详细日志应该告诉您失败的原因

因此，如果是你的MSI，你有机会纠正它，否则你就要受MSI开发质量的摆布

此外，您的问题还包含一个矛盾：您说希望返回错误代码error\u INSTALL\u FAILURE而不是退出代码，但1603退出代码是error\u INSTALL\u FAILURE。

注意：不确定投入到这个答案中的精力是否有实际用途，但是，演示各种高级PowerShell技术可能很有意思：使用自动

$matches

变量进行高级正则表达式匹配，通过

调用WebRequest

抓取网页，以及通过

添加类型

调用Windows API

在下面找到函数

friendlyMsiExec

，其中

• 刮取MSDN页面以获取已定义MSI错误代码（退出代码）的官方表格

• 如果失败-刮取不是最可靠的技术（页面结构和URL发生变化）-该函数将发出警告并使用硬编码表

• 同步调用

  msiexec

  ，在已删除/内置表中查找退出代码，并输出与退出代码对应的错误消息

定义后，可以按如下方式调用它：

> friendlyMsiExec /i "D:/path/installer.msi" # assume the exit code is 1603
A fatal error occurred during installation. (1603)

注:

• 函数返回后，退出代码将作为

  $LASTEXITCODE

  可用

• 抓取不仅不是最健壮的，而且页面下载和解析也需要几秒钟，尽管在MSI安装的环境中，这可能不会有多大影响

• 退出代码也可能是常规的Windows API错误代码（“Winerror.h中的任何错误”），因此，作为一种回退，可以参考

  FormatMessage

  Windows API函数，这得益于的自适应

---

函数友好型msiexec{
#尝试在MSDN页面上搜索错误代码（退出代码）的完整列表。
#注意：这不是最健壮的方法，因为网页不是为
#编程数据提取，页面格式可能会随时间而改变。
$htErrors=@{}
#表位于属性为“summary=“Table”的元素中。
$tbl=（调用WebRequest'https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa376931（v=vs.85）.aspx'）.ParsedHtml.getElementsByTagName（'table'）|？{$\u.getAttribute（'summary'）-eq'table'}
#使用正则表达式分析文本表示（.InnerText）。
$tbl.InnerText-split'\r？\n'|%{if（$.-match）^（ERROR.+？）（\d+）（.+）$）{$htErrors.Add（[int]$matches[2]，@（$matches[1]，$matches[3]）}
如果（$htErrors.Count-eq 0）{#刮取失败，则使用硬编码表（当前截至2016年11月2日）。
写入警告“在MSDN页上清除错误代码失败，返回到硬编码表。”
$htErrors=@{
0='ERROR\u SUCCESS'，'操作已成功完成。'
13='错误\无效\数据'，'数据无效。'
87='ERROR\u INVALID\u PARAMETER'，'s其中一个参数无效。'
120='ERROR_CALL_NOT_IMPLEMENTED'，'当自定义操作尝试调用无法从自定义操作调用的函数时，将返回此值。该函数返回ERROR_CALL_NOT_IMPLEMENTED值。从Windows Installer 3.0版开始提供。'
1259='ERROR_APPHELP_BLOCK'，'如果Windows Installer确定某个产品可能与当前操作系统不兼容，它将显示一个对话框，通知用户并询问是否仍要尝试安装。如果用户选择不尝试安装，将返回此错误代码。'
1601='ERROR\u INSTALL\u SERVICE\u FAILURE'，'Windows Installer服务无法访问。请与技术支持人员联系以验证Windows Installer服务是否已正确注册。'
1602='ERROR\u INSTALL\u USEREXIT'，'用户取消安装'
1603='ERROR\u INSTALL\u FAILURE'，'安装过程中发生致命错误。'
1604='ERROR\u INSTALL\u SUSPEND'，'INSTALL suspended，complete'
1605='错误\未知\产品'，'此操作仅对当前安装的产品有效。'
1606='错误\未知\功能'，'功能标识符未注册。'
1607='错误\未知\组件'，'组件标识符未注册。'
1608='ERROR\u UNKNOWN\u PROPERTY'，'This is a UNKNOWN PROPERTY'
1609='错误\无效\句柄\状态'，'句柄处于无效状态。'
1610='ERROR\u BAD\u CONFIGURATION'，'此产品的配置数据已损坏。请与技术支持人员联系。'
1611='ERROR\u INDEX\u缺席'，'component限定符不存在。'
1612='ERROR\u INSTALL\u SOURCE\u缺席'，'thi的安装源
function friendlyMsiExec {
  # Try to scrape the MSDN page for the complete list of error codes (exit codes).   
  # Note: This is not the most robust approach as web pages aren't designed for
  #       programmatic data extraction, and the format of the page may change over time.
  $htErrors = @{}
  # Table is in a <table> element with attritubte 'summary="table"'.
  $tbl = (Invoke-WebRequest 'https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa376931(v=vs.85).aspx').ParsedHtml.getElementsByTagName('table') | ? { $_.getAttribute('summary') -eq 'table' }
  # Parse the text representation (.InnerText) using regular expressions.
  $tbl.InnerText -split '\r?\n' | % {  if ($_ -match "^(ERROR_.+?)(\d+)(.+)$") { $htErrors.Add([int] $matches[2], @( $matches[1], $matches[3] )) } }  
  if ($htErrors.Count -eq 0) { # Scraping failed, use hard-coded table (current as of 2 Nov 2016).
    Write-Warning "Scraping the MSDN page for error codes failed, falling back to hard-coded table."
    $htErrors = @{
      0 = 'ERROR_SUCCESS', 'The action completed successfully.'
      13 = 'ERROR_INVALID_DATA', 'The data is invalid.'
      87 = 'ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER', 'One of the parameters was invalid.'
      120 = 'ERROR_CALL_NOT_IMPLEMENTED', 'This value is returned when a custom action attempts to call a function that cannot be called from custom actions. The function returns the value ERROR_CALL_NOT_IMPLEMENTED. Available beginning with Windows Installer version 3.0.'
      1259 = 'ERROR_APPHELP_BLOCK', 'If Windows Installer determines a product may be incompatible with the current operating system, it displays a dialog box informing the user and asking whether to try to install anyway. This error code is returned if the user chooses not to try the installation.'
      1601 = 'ERROR_INSTALL_SERVICE_FAILURE', 'The Windows Installer service could not be accessed. Contact your support personnel to verify that the Windows Installer service is properly registered.'
      1602 = 'ERROR_INSTALL_USEREXIT', 'The user cancels installation.'
      1603 = 'ERROR_INSTALL_FAILURE', 'A fatal error occurred during installation.'
      1604 = 'ERROR_INSTALL_SUSPEND', 'Installation suspended, incomplete.'
      1605 = 'ERROR_UNKNOWN_PRODUCT', 'This action is only valid for products that are currently installed.'
      1606 = 'ERROR_UNKNOWN_FEATURE', 'The feature identifier is not registered.'
      1607 = 'ERROR_UNKNOWN_COMPONENT', 'The component identifier is not registered.'
      1608 = 'ERROR_UNKNOWN_PROPERTY', 'This is an unknown property.'
      1609 = 'ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE_STATE', 'The handle is in an invalid state.'
      1610 = 'ERROR_BAD_CONFIGURATION', 'The configuration data for this product is corrupt. Contact your support personnel.'
      1611 = 'ERROR_INDEX_ABSENT', 'The component qualifier not present.'
      1612 = 'ERROR_INSTALL_SOURCE_ABSENT', 'The installation source for this product is not available. Verify that the source exists and that you can access it.'
      1613 = 'ERROR_INSTALL_PACKAGE_VERSION', 'This installation package cannot be installed by the Windows Installer service. You must install a Windows service pack that contains a newer version of the Windows Installer service.'
      1614 = 'ERROR_PRODUCT_UNINSTALLED', 'The product is uninstalled.'
      1615 = 'ERROR_BAD_QUERY_SYNTAX', 'The SQL query syntax is invalid or unsupported.'
      1616 = 'ERROR_INVALID_FIELD', 'The record field does not exist.'
      1618 = 'ERROR_INSTALL_ALREADY_RUNNING', 'Another installation is already in progress. Complete that installation before proceeding with this install.'
      1619 = 'ERROR_INSTALL_PACKAGE_OPEN_FAILED', 'This installation package could not be opened. Verify that the package exists and is accessible, or contact the application vendor to verify that this is a valid Windows Installer package.'
      1620 = 'ERROR_INSTALL_PACKAGE_INVALID', 'This installation package could not be opened. Contact the application vendor to verify that this is a valid Windows Installer package.'
      1621 = 'ERROR_INSTALL_UI_FAILURE', 'There was an error starting the Windows Installer service user interface. Contact your support personnel.'
      1622 = 'ERROR_INSTALL_LOG_FAILURE', 'There was an error opening installation log file. Verify that the specified log file location exists and is writable.'
      1623 = 'ERROR_INSTALL_LANGUAGE_UNSUPPORTED', 'This language of this installation package is not supported by your system.'
      1624 = 'ERROR_INSTALL_TRANSFORM_FAILURE', 'There was an error applying transforms. Verify that the specified transform paths are valid.'
      1625 = 'ERROR_INSTALL_PACKAGE_REJECTED', 'This installation is forbidden by system policy. Contact your system administrator.'
      1626 = 'ERROR_FUNCTION_NOT_CALLED', 'The function could not be executed.'
      1627 = 'ERROR_FUNCTION_FAILED', 'The function failed during execution.'
      1628 = 'ERROR_INVALID_TABLE', 'An invalid or unknown table was specified.'
      1629 = 'ERROR_DATATYPE_MISMATCH', 'The data supplied is the wrong type.'
      1630 = 'ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_TYPE', 'Data of this type is not supported.'
      1631 = 'ERROR_CREATE_FAILED', 'The Windows Installer service failed to start. Contact your support personnel.'
      1632 = 'ERROR_INSTALL_TEMP_UNWRITABLE', 'The Temp folder is either full or inaccessible. Verify that the Temp folder exists and that you can write to it.'
      1633 = 'ERROR_INSTALL_PLATFORM_UNSUPPORTED', 'This installation package is not supported on this platform. Contact your application vendor.'
      1634 = 'ERROR_INSTALL_NOTUSED', 'Component is not used on this machine.'
      1635 = 'ERROR_PATCH_PACKAGE_OPEN_FAILED', 'This patch package could not be opened. Verify that the patch package exists and is accessible, or contact the application vendor to verify that this is a valid Windows Installer patch package.'
      1636 = 'ERROR_PATCH_PACKAGE_INVALID', 'This patch package could not be opened. Contact the application vendor to verify that this is a valid Windows Installer patch package.'
      1637 = 'ERROR_PATCH_PACKAGE_UNSUPPORTED', 'This patch package cannot be processed by the Windows Installer service. You must install a Windows service pack that contains a newer version of the Windows Installer service.'
      1638 = 'ERROR_PRODUCT_VERSION', 'Another version of this product is already installed. Installation of this version cannot continue. To configure or remove the existing version of this product, use Add/Remove Programs in Control Panel.'
      1639 = 'ERROR_INVALID_COMMAND_LINE', 'Invalid command line argument. Consult the Windows Installer SDK for detailed command-line help.'
      1640 = 'ERROR_INSTALL_REMOTE_DISALLOWED', 'The current user is not permitted to perform installations from a client session of a server running the Terminal Server role service.'
      1641 = 'ERROR_SUCCESS_REBOOT_INITIATED', 'The installer has initiated a restart. This message is indicative of a success.'
      1642 = 'ERROR_PATCH_TARGET_NOT_FOUND', 'The installer cannot install the upgrade patch because the program being upgraded may be missing or the upgrade patch updates a different version of the program. Verify that the program to be upgraded exists on your computer and that you have the correct upgrade patch.'
      1643 = 'ERROR_PATCH_PACKAGE_REJECTED', 'The patch package is not permitted by system policy.'
      1644 = 'ERROR_INSTALL_TRANSFORM_REJECTED', 'One or more customizations are not permitted by system policy.'
      1645 = 'ERROR_INSTALL_REMOTE_PROHIBITED', 'Windows Installer does not permit installation from a Remote Desktop Connection.'
      1646 = 'ERROR_PATCH_REMOVAL_UNSUPPORTED', 'The patch package is not a removable patch package. Available beginning with Windows Installer version 3.0.'
      1647 = 'ERROR_UNKNOWN_PATCH', 'The patch is not applied to this product. Available beginning with Windows Installer version 3.0.'
      1648 = 'ERROR_PATCH_NO_SEQUENCE', 'No valid sequence could be found for the set of patches. Available beginning with Windows Installer version 3.0.'
      1649 = 'ERROR_PATCH_REMOVAL_DISALLOWED', 'Patch removal was disallowed by policy. Available beginning with Windows Installer version 3.0.'
      1650 = 'ERROR_INVALID_PATCH_XML', 'The XML patch data is invalid. Available beginning with Windows Installer version 3.0.'
      1651 = 'ERROR_PATCH_MANAGED_ADVERTISED_PRODUCT', 'Administrative user failed to apply patch for a per-user managed or a per-machine application that is in advertise state. Available beginning with Windows Installer version 3.0.'
      1652 = 'ERROR_INSTALL_SERVICE_SAFEBOOT', 'Windows Installer is not accessible when the computer is in Safe Mode. Exit Safe Mode and try again or try using System Restore to return your computer to a previous state. Available beginning with Windows Installer version 4.0.'
      1653 = 'ERROR_ROLLBACK_DISABLED', 'Could not perform a multiple-package transaction because rollback has been disabled. Multiple-Package Installations cannot run if rollback is disabled. Available beginning with Windows Installer version 4.5.'
      1654 = 'ERROR_INSTALL_REJECTED', 'The app that you are trying to run is not supported on this version of Windows. A Windows Installer package, patch, or transform that has not been signed by Microsoft cannot be installed on an ARM computer.'
      3010 = 'ERROR_SUCCESS_REBOOT_REQUIRED', 'A restart is required to complete the install. This message is indicative of a success. This does not include installs where the ForceReboot action is run.  '
    }
  }

  # Execute msiexec synchronously.
  $psInfo = Start-Process -PassThru -NoNewWindow -Wait msiexec -ArgumentList $Args
  # Get the exit code.
  $ec = $psInfo.ExitCode

  # Look up the exit code returned in the hashtable and extract the error *message*.
  if ($htErrors[$ec]) {
      # Use subscript [0] to extract the *symbolic name* instead.
      $errMsg = $htErrors[$ec][1] # -replace '\r' 
  } else { # not found in table
    # See if it's a Windows (system) error code.
    # Helper type for getting Windows (system) error messages by error code.
    # Returns $null if no message is found.
    # Example:
    #   [net.same2u.pshelper.WinErrMsg]::Get(2) # -> "The system cannot find the file specified."
    Add-Type -TypeDefinition @'
        using System;
        using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
        using System.Text;

        namespace net.same2u.pshelper {
            public static class WinErrMsg {
                [DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
                static extern int FormatMessage(int dwFlags, IntPtr lpSource, int dwMessageId, int dwLanguageId, System.Text.StringBuilder lpBuffer, int nSize, IntPtr Arguments);

                public static string Get(int errCode) {
                    const int CAPACITY = 512;
                    const int FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM = 0x00001000;
                    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(CAPACITY);
                    FormatMessage(FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM, IntPtr.Zero, errCode, 0, sb, sb.Capacity, IntPtr.Zero);
                    // Remove trailing CRLF
                    int i = sb.Length;
                    if (i>0 && sb[i - 1] == 10) i--;
                    if (i>0 && sb[i - 1] == 13) i--;
                    sb.Length = i;
                    return sb.Length > 0 ? sb.ToString() : null;
                }
            }
        }
'@      
    $errMsg = [net.same2u.pshelper.WinErrMsg]::Get($ec)
    # Determine fallback message, if no match was found.
    if (-not $errMsg) { $errMsg = "An unknown exit code was reported."}
  }

  # Set $LASTEXITCODE, so that the caller can inspect the exit code later.
  Set-Variable -Scope 1 LASTEXITCODE $ec

  # Output the message, suffixed with the exit code.
  "$errMsg ($ec)"
}