Python 3.x 如何在python3中创建字典？

我有一个数组

months=['January','February','March','April','May','June','July','August','September','October','November','December']

我想让它像字典一样

months = {1:'January', 2:'February',....}

我尝试了

enumerate（）

，但没有任何运气。 如何将序列号分配给列表以生成字典？ 提前谢谢

试试这个

months=
['January','February','March','April','May','June','July','August','September','October','November','December']

dict = {i+1:months[i] for i in range(12)}

---

正如评论中指出的，使用范围（len（月））。由于列表的长度在本例中是已知的，因此我使用了12。

如果您想继续使用enumerate，可以这样做：

months =['January','February','March','April','May','June','July','August','September','October','November','December']

d_months = {}

for i, month in enumerate(months):
    d_months[i+1] = month

print(d_months)

输出：

{1: 'January', 2: 'February', 3: 'March', 4: 'April', 5: 'May', 6: 'June', 7: 'July', 8: 'August', 9: 'September', 10: 'October', 11: 'November', 12: 'December'}

---

由于枚举从0开始，您需要使用

[i+1]

尝试像这样使用

eumerate

强制它从1开始

months =['January','February','March','April','May','June','July','August','September','October','November','December']
months = {i:m for i,m in enumerate(months,1)}
print months

将产生

{1: 'January', 2: 'February', 3: 'March', 4: 'April', 5: 'May', 6: 'June', 7: 'July', 8: 'August', 9: 'September', 10: 'October', 11: 'November', 12: 'December'}

由于

dict（）

构造函数直接从键值对构建字典，因此它也可以：

dict(enumerate(months, 1))

以下是一些测试，尽管这对您的用例并不重要：

timeit dict(enumerate(months, 1))
The slowest run took 10.34 times longer than the fastest. This could mean that an intermediate result is being cached 
1000000 loops, best of 3: 1.37 µs per loop

timeit {i:m for i,m in enumerate(months,1)}
The slowest run took 7.77 times longer than the fastest. This could mean that an intermediate result is being cached 
1000000 loops, best of 3: 1.28 µs per loop

timeit {i+1:months[i] for i in range(12)}
The slowest run took 5.42 times longer than the fastest. This could mean that an intermediate result is being cached 
1000000 loops, best of 3: 1.89 µs per loop

请试试这个

{i:months[i] for i in range(len(months))}

---

@伊凡内夫斯特鲁耶夫：是的。我应该提到这一点。因为我们事先知道这个案子的长度，所以我觉得没有必要。将编辑我的答案：）@AbhirathMahipal我也使用了

range

。非常感谢。您还可以使用

enumerate

，如

{i+1:m代表i，m在enumerate（months）}

，以防有一天它们会增加一些额外的月份；-）谢谢分享比较。是你写的代码吗？