Python 实时多图形的Tkinter GUI

我以前问过这个问题，也许我不清楚，所以，再问一次。我从arduino获取4个不同的传感器值，并使用python的matplotlib实时绘制它们。多个传感器的实时绘图正在工作，但我需要在GUI中使用启动和停止按钮。如何修改以下代码，以便在GUI中获得4个实时绘图。这段代码正在运行，我只需要在GUI中查看我的图形。提前感谢并帮助我进行额外的修改，因为我是python新手，还在学习

import copy
from threading import Thread
from tkinter import Tk, Frame

import serial
import time
import collections
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.animation as animation
import struct

from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg, NavigationToolbar2TkAgg

A = 0
B = 0
C = 0
D = 0
Sum = 0
Az = 0
El = 0


class serialPlot:
    def __init__(self, serialPort='com5', serialBaud=38400, plotLength=100, dataNumBytes=2, numPlots=1):
        self.port = serialPort
        self.baud = serialBaud
        self.plotMaxLength = plotLength
        self.dataNumBytes = dataNumBytes
        self.numPlots = numPlots
        self.rawData = bytearray(numPlots * dataNumBytes)
        self.dataType = None
        if dataNumBytes == 2:
            self.dataType = 'h'  # 2 byte integer
        elif dataNumBytes == 4:
            self.dataType = 'f'  # 4 byte float
        self.data = []
        self.privateData = None  # for storing a copy of the data so all plots are synchronized
        for i in range(numPlots):  # give an array for each type of data and store them in a list
            self.data.append(collections.deque([0] * plotLength, maxlen=plotLength))
        self.isRun = True
        self.isReceiving = False
        self.thread = None
        self.plotTimer = 0
        self.previousTimer = 0

        print('Trying to connect to: ' + str(serialPort) + ' at ' + str(serialBaud) + ' BAUD.')
        try:
            self.serialConnection = serial.Serial(serialPort, serialBaud, timeout=4)
            print('Connected to ' + str(serialPort) + ' at ' + str(serialBaud) + ' BAUD.')
        except:
            print("Failed to connect with " + str(serialPort) + ' at ' + str(serialBaud) + ' BAUD.')

    def readSerialStart(self):
        if self.thread == None:
            self.thread = Thread(target=self.backgroundThread)
            self.thread.start()
            # Block till we start receiving values
            while self.isReceiving != True:
                time.sleep(0.1)

    def getSerialData(self, frame, lines, lineValueText, lineLabel, timeText, pltNumber):
        if pltNumber == 0:  # in order to make all the clocks show the same reading
            currentTimer = time.perf_counter()
            self.plotTimer = int((currentTimer - self.previousTimer) * 1000)  # the first reading will be erroneous
            self.previousTimer = currentTimer
        self.privateData = copy.deepcopy(
            self.rawData)  # so that the 4 values in our plots will be synchronized to the same sample time
        timeText.set_text('Plot Interval = ' + str(self.plotTimer) + 'ms')
        data = self.privateData[(pltNumber * self.dataNumBytes):(self.dataNumBytes + pltNumber * self.dataNumBytes)]
        value, = struct.unpack(self.dataType, data)

        self.data[pltNumber].append(value)  # we get the latest data point and append it to our array
        lines.set_data(range(self.plotMaxLength), self.data[pltNumber])
        lineValueText.set_text('[' + lineLabel + '] = ' + str(value))
        if lineLabel == 'Detector A':
            global A
            A = float(value)
        if lineLabel == 'Detector B':
            global B
            B = float(value)
        if lineLabel == 'Detector C':
            global C
            C = float(value)
        if lineLabel == 'Detector D':
            global D
            D = float(value)
        Sum = (A + B + C + D)
        Az = (A + D - C - B)
        El = (A + B - C - D)


    def backgroundThread(self):  # retrieve data
        time.sleep(1.0)  # give some buffer time for retrieving data
        self.serialConnection.reset_input_buffer()
        while (self.isRun):
            self.serialConnection.readinto(self.rawData)
            self.isReceiving = True

    def close(self):
        self.isRun = False
        self.thread.join()
        self.serialConnection.close()
        print('Disconnected...')


def makeFigure(xLimit, yLimit, title):
    xmin, xmax = xLimit
    ymin, ymax = yLimit
    fig = plt.figure()
    ax = plt.axes(xlim=(xmin, xmax), ylim=(int(ymin - (ymax - ymin) / 10), int(ymax + (ymax - ymin) / 10)))
    ax.set_title(title)
    ax.set_xlabel("Time")
    ax.set_ylabel("Detector Output")
    ax.grid(True)
    return fig, ax


class Window(Frame):
    def __init__(self, figure, master, SerialReference):
        Frame.__init__(self, master)
        self.entry = None
        self.setPoint = None
        self.master = master        # a reference to the master window
        self.serialReference = SerialReference      # keep a reference to our serial connection so that we can use it for bi-directional communicate from this class
        self.initWindow(figure)     # initialize the window with our settings

    def initWindow(self, figure):
        self.master.title("Real Time Plot")
        canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(figure, master=self.master)
        #toolbar = NavigationToolbar2TkAgg(canvas, self.master)
        #canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(side=Tk.TOP, fill=Tk.BOTH, expand=1)


def main():
    portName = 'COM5'
    # portName = '/dev/ttyUSB0'
    baudRate = 38400
    maxPlotLength = 100  # number of points in x-axis of real time plot
    dataNumBytes = 4  # number of bytes of 1 data point
    numPlots = 4  # number of plots in 1 graph
    s = serialPlot(portName, baudRate, maxPlotLength, dataNumBytes, numPlots)  # initializes all required variables
    s.readSerialStart()  # starts background thread


    # plotting starts below
    pltInterval = 50  # Period at which the plot animation updates [ms]
    lineLabelText = ['Detector A', 'Detector B', 'Detector C', 'Detector D']
    title = ['Detector A', 'Detector B', 'Detector C', 'Detector D']
    xLimit = [(0, maxPlotLength), (0, maxPlotLength), (0, maxPlotLength), (0, maxPlotLength)]
    yLimit = [(-1, 1), (-1, 1), (-1, 1), (-1, 1)]
    style = ['r-', 'g-', 'b-', 'y-']  # linestyles for the different plots
    anim = []
    for i in range(numPlots):
        fig, ax = makeFigure(xLimit[i], yLimit[i], title[i])
        lines = ax.plot([], [], style[i], label=lineLabelText[i])[0]
        timeText = ax.text(0.50, 0.95, '', transform=ax.transAxes)
        lineValueText = ax.text(0.50, 0.90, '', transform=ax.transAxes)

        anim.append(
            animation.FuncAnimation(fig, s.getSerialData, fargs=(lines, lineValueText, lineLabelText[i], timeText, i),
                                    interval=pltInterval))  # fargs has to be a tuple

        plt.legend(loc="upper left")
    plt.show()

    s.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

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你是在要求别人为你编写GUI吗？或者向我解释一下，考虑到我的需求，我如何将图形放置在GUI中。一个相当广泛的解释是，运行读取传感器的线程，然后将此信息提供给图形，并且在主线程中已经绘制了图形。关于如何绘制图表，网上有多种资源：@matiss是的，我试过了。但事实证明这并不是意料之中的。我在GUI中绘制图形，但它们没有实时更新，它们仍然在某一点上。你使用线程吗？你是如何尝试更新它们的？此外，您是否可以提供一个绘图不更新问题的解决方案，因为这将有助于某人解决您的问题，而不是将整个代码放在此处，其中大部分代码与未实时更新的绘图无关