Python 对已评估查询集（Django）进行排序的方法

我有以下功能和测试：

def create_question(days, question_text="Empty"):
    time = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=days)
    return Question.objects.create(question_text = question_text, pub_date=time) 

def test_two_past_questions(self):
    """
    The questions index page may display multiple questions.
    """
    create_question(question_text="Past question 1.", days=-30)
    create_question(question_text="Past question 2.", days=-5)
    response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
    self.assertQuerysetEqual(
        response.context['latest_question_list'].order_by('-pub_date'),
        ['<Question: Past question 1.>', '<Question: Past question 2.>'],
    )

据我所知，它生成了一个错误，因为

Queryset

已被计算，而

order\u by

仅用于在数据库中重新排序

如果没有失败的排序attepmpt，我的测试将失败，因为对象的顺序错误：

FAIL: test_two_past_questions (polls.tests.QuestionIndexViewTests)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/.local/share/virtualenvs/django/mysite/polls/tests.py", line 77, in test_two_past_questions
    ['<Question: Past question 1.>', '<Question: Past question 2.>'],
  File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/.local/share/virtualenvs/django/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/test/testcases.py", line 972, in assertQuerysetEqual
    return self.assertEqual(list(items), values, msg=msg)
AssertionError: Lists differ: ['<Question: Past question 2.>', '<Question: Past question 1.>'] != ['<Question: Past question 1.>', '<Question: Past question 2.>']

First differing element 0:
'<Question: Past question 2.>'
'<Question: Past question 1.>'

- ['<Question: Past question 2.>', '<Question: Past question 1.>']
?                            ^                               ^

+ ['<Question: Past question 1.>', '<Question: Past question 2.>']
?                            ^                               ^

失败：测试两个过去的问题（轮询、测试、问题索引测试）
----------------------------------------------------------------------
回溯（最近一次呼叫最后一次）：
文件“/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/.local/share/virtualenvs/django/mysite/polls/tests.py”，第77行，在过去两个问题的测试中
['', ''],
文件“/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/.local/share/virtualenvs/django/lib/python3.6/site packages/django/test/testcases.py”，第972行，在AssertQuerystequal中
返回self.assertEqual（列表（项），值，msg=msg）
断言错误：列表不同：[''，]！=['', '']
第一个不同的元素0：
''
''
- ['', '']
?                            ^                               ^
+ ['', '']
?                            ^                               ^

我想通过按发布日期对它们进行排序来确保它们的顺序正确。有没有一种像对普通列表排序一样对Queryset对象进行排序的方法

FAIL: test_two_past_questions (polls.tests.QuestionIndexViewTests)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/.local/share/virtualenvs/django/mysite/polls/tests.py", line 77, in test_two_past_questions
    ['<Question: Past question 1.>', '<Question: Past question 2.>'],
  File "/Users/sahandzarrinkoub/.local/share/virtualenvs/django/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/test/testcases.py", line 972, in assertQuerysetEqual
    return self.assertEqual(list(items), values, msg=msg)
AssertionError: Lists differ: ['<Question: Past question 2.>', '<Question: Past question 1.>'] != ['<Question: Past question 1.>', '<Question: Past question 2.>']

First differing element 0:
'<Question: Past question 2.>'
'<Question: Past question 1.>'

- ['<Question: Past question 2.>', '<Question: Past question 1.>']
?                            ^                               ^

+ ['<Question: Past question 1.>', '<Question: Past question 2.>']
?                            ^                               ^