Python 如何使用Privoxy和Tor来完成一个棘手的项目

我正试图从中获取信息，但目前我无法在浏览器中访问该网站，因为它说所有者禁止了我的IP地址（见下文）

我试图通过使用Privoxy和Tor来解决这个问题，类似于中所描述的

首先，我安装了一个started，它默认监听端口8118。我已将以下行添加到

/etc/privoxy/config

：

forward-socks5   /               127.0.0.1:9050 .

我还运行了Tor，它正在端口9050上侦听，使用

kurt@kurt-ThinkPad:~$ netstat -tulnp | grep 9050
(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
 will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:9050          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      - 

据我所知，使用

wget

，它正在工作。例如，如果我

wget apkmiror.com

使用代理，我会得到一个响应：

kurt@kurt-ThinkPad:~$ wget www.apkmirror.com -e use_proxy=yes -e http_proxy=127.0.0.1:8118
--2017-04-24 11:02:32--  http://www.apkmirror.com/
Connecting to 127.0.0.1:8118... connected.
Proxy request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 185097 (181K) [text/html]
Saving to: ‘index.html.2’

index.html.2        100%[===================>] 180,76K  --.-KB/s    in 0,004s  

2017-04-24 11:02:44 (42,7 MB/s) - ‘index.html.2’ saved [185097/185097]

2017-04-24 10:59:17 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Scrapy 1.3.3 started (bot: proxy_spider)
2017-04-24 10:59:17 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Overridden settings: {'NEWSPIDER_MODULE': 'proxy_spider.spiders', 'FEED_URI': 'test.json', 'SPIDER_MODULES': ['proxy_spider.spiders'], 'BOT_NAME': 'proxy_spider', 'ROBOTSTXT_OBEY': True, 'FEED_FORMAT': 'json'}

2017-04-24 10:59:18 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled extensions:
['scrapy.extensions.closespider.CloseSpider',
 'scrapy.extensions.feedexport.FeedExporter',
 'scrapy.extensions.logstats.LogStats',
 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole',
 'scrapy.extensions.corestats.CoreStats']
2017-04-24 10:59:18 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled downloader middlewares:
['scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.robotstxt.RobotsTxtMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpauth.HttpAuthMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.downloadtimeout.DownloadTimeoutMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry.RetryMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.MetaRefreshMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.RedirectMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.cookies.CookiesMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.stats.DownloaderStats']
2017-04-24 10:59:18 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled spider middlewares:
['scrapy.spidermiddlewares.httperror.HttpErrorMiddleware',
 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.offsite.OffsiteMiddleware',
 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.referer.RefererMiddleware',
 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.urllength.UrlLengthMiddleware',
 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.depth.DepthMiddleware']
2017-04-24 10:59:18 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled item pipelines:
[]
2017-04-24 10:59:18 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider opened
2017-04-24 10:59:18 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 0 pages (at 0 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
2017-04-24 10:59:18 [scrapy.extensions.telnet] DEBUG: Telnet console listening on 127.0.0.1:6024
2017-04-24 10:59:18 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (403) <GET https://www.apkmirror.com/robots.txt> (referer: None)
2017-04-24 10:59:18 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (403) <GET https://www.apkmirror.com/sitemap_index.xml> (referer: None)
2017-04-24 10:59:18 [scrapy.spidermiddlewares.httperror] INFO: Ignoring response <403 https://www.apkmirror.com/sitemap_index.xml>: HTTP status code is not handled or not allowed
2017-04-24 10:59:18 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Closing spider (finished)
2017-04-24 10:59:18 [scrapy.statscollectors] INFO: Dumping Scrapy stats:
{'downloader/request_bytes': 519,
 'downloader/request_count': 2,
 'downloader/request_method_count/GET': 2,
 'downloader/response_bytes': 3110,
 'downloader/response_count': 2,
 'downloader/response_status_count/403': 2,
 'finish_reason': 'finished',
 'finish_time': datetime.datetime(2017, 4, 24, 8, 59, 18, 927878),
 'log_count/DEBUG': 3,
 'log_count/INFO': 8,
 'response_received_count': 2,
 'scheduler/dequeued': 1,
 'scheduler/dequeued/memory': 1,
 'scheduler/enqueued': 1,
 'scheduler/enqueued/memory': 1,
 'start_time': datetime.datetime(2017, 4, 24, 8, 59, 18, 489419)}
2017-04-24 10:59:18 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider closed (finished)

然而，如果没有代理，我会得到

错误403:禁止
：

kurt@kurt-ThinkPad:~$ wget www.apkmirror.com
--2017-04-24 11:01:24--  http://www.apkmirror.com/
Resolving www.apkmirror.com (www.apkmirror.com)... 104.19.134.58, 104.19.136.58, 104.19.133.58, ...
Connecting to www.apkmirror.com (www.apkmirror.com)|104.19.134.58|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 403 Forbidden
2017-04-24 11:01:24 ERROR 403: Forbidden.

现在来看Python代码。我编写了以下（简化的）spider：

我还将以下行添加到
settings.py
：

import os
os.environ['http_proxy'] = "http://localhost:8118"

DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
    'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware': 1,
}

从我的理解来看，如果我设置
http\u proxy
环境变量，那么
HttpProxyMiddleware
应该可以工作。但是，如果我尝试使用命令刮取

scrapy crawl tor-spider -o test.json

我得到以下回应：

kurt@kurt-ThinkPad:~$ wget www.apkmirror.com -e use_proxy=yes -e http_proxy=127.0.0.1:8118
--2017-04-24 11:02:32--  http://www.apkmirror.com/
Connecting to 127.0.0.1:8118... connected.
Proxy request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 185097 (181K) [text/html]
Saving to: ‘index.html.2’

index.html.2        100%[===================>] 180,76K  --.-KB/s    in 0,004s  

2017-04-24 11:02:44 (42,7 MB/s) - ‘index.html.2’ saved [185097/185097]

2017-04-24 10:59:17 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Scrapy 1.3.3 started (bot: proxy_spider)
2017-04-24 10:59:17 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Overridden settings: {'NEWSPIDER_MODULE': 'proxy_spider.spiders', 'FEED_URI': 'test.json', 'SPIDER_MODULES': ['proxy_spider.spiders'], 'BOT_NAME': 'proxy_spider', 'ROBOTSTXT_OBEY': True, 'FEED_FORMAT': 'json'}

2017-04-24 10:59:18 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled extensions:
['scrapy.extensions.closespider.CloseSpider',
 'scrapy.extensions.feedexport.FeedExporter',
 'scrapy.extensions.logstats.LogStats',
 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole',
 'scrapy.extensions.corestats.CoreStats']
2017-04-24 10:59:18 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled downloader middlewares:
['scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.robotstxt.RobotsTxtMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpauth.HttpAuthMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.downloadtimeout.DownloadTimeoutMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry.RetryMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.MetaRefreshMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.RedirectMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.cookies.CookiesMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.stats.DownloaderStats']
2017-04-24 10:59:18 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled spider middlewares:
['scrapy.spidermiddlewares.httperror.HttpErrorMiddleware',
 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.offsite.OffsiteMiddleware',
 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.referer.RefererMiddleware',
 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.urllength.UrlLengthMiddleware',
 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.depth.DepthMiddleware']
2017-04-24 10:59:18 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled item pipelines:
[]
2017-04-24 10:59:18 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider opened
2017-04-24 10:59:18 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 0 pages (at 0 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
2017-04-24 10:59:18 [scrapy.extensions.telnet] DEBUG: Telnet console listening on 127.0.0.1:6024
2017-04-24 10:59:18 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (403) <GET https://www.apkmirror.com/robots.txt> (referer: None)
2017-04-24 10:59:18 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (403) <GET https://www.apkmirror.com/sitemap_index.xml> (referer: None)
2017-04-24 10:59:18 [scrapy.spidermiddlewares.httperror] INFO: Ignoring response <403 https://www.apkmirror.com/sitemap_index.xml>: HTTP status code is not handled or not allowed
2017-04-24 10:59:18 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Closing spider (finished)
2017-04-24 10:59:18 [scrapy.statscollectors] INFO: Dumping Scrapy stats:
{'downloader/request_bytes': 519,
 'downloader/request_count': 2,
 'downloader/request_method_count/GET': 2,
 'downloader/response_bytes': 3110,
 'downloader/response_count': 2,
 'downloader/response_status_count/403': 2,
 'finish_reason': 'finished',
 'finish_time': datetime.datetime(2017, 4, 24, 8, 59, 18, 927878),
 'log_count/DEBUG': 3,
 'log_count/INFO': 8,
 'response_received_count': 2,
 'scheduler/dequeued': 1,
 'scheduler/dequeued/memory': 1,
 'scheduler/enqueued': 1,
 'scheduler/enqueued/memory': 1,
 'start_time': datetime.datetime(2017, 4, 24, 8, 59, 18, 489419)}
2017-04-24 10:59:18 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider closed (finished)

2017-04-24 10:59:17[scrapy.utils.log]信息：scrapy 1.3.3已启动（机器人：代理_spider）
2017-04-24 10:59:17[scrapy.utils.log]信息：覆盖的设置：{'NEWSPIDER_MODULE'：'proxy_spider.spider'，'FEED_URI'：'test.json'，'spider_MODULES'：['proxy_spider.spider']，'BOT_NAME'：'proxy_spider'，'ROBOTSTXT_-obe'：True，'FEED_-FORMAT'：'json'}
2017-04-24 10:59:18[scrapy.middleware]信息：启用的扩展：
['scrapy.extensions.closespider.closespider'，
'scrapy.extensions.feedexport.FeedExporter'，
'scrapy.extensions.logstats.logstats'，
'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole'，
'scrapy.extensions.corestats.corestats']
2017-04-24 10:59:18[剪贴簿中间件]信息：启用的下载程序中间件：
['scrapy.downloadermiddleware.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware'，
'scrapy.downloaderMiddleware.robotstxt.RobotsTxtMiddleware'，
'scrapy.downloaderMiddleware.httpauth.HttpAuthMiddleware'，
'scrapy.downloadermiddleware.downloadtimeout.DownloadTimeoutMiddleware'，
'scrapy.downloaderMiddleware.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware'，
'scrapy.DownloaderMiddleware.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware'，
'scrapy.DownloaderMiddleware.retry.RetryMiddleware'，
'scrapy.DownloaderMiddleware.redirect.MetaRefreshMiddleware'，
'scrapy.DownloaderMiddleware.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware'，
'scrapy.DownloaderMiddleware.redirect.RedirectMiddleware'，
“scrapy.DownloaderMiddleware.cookies.CookiesMiddleware”，
'scrapy.downloadermiddleware.stats.DownloaderStats']
2017-04-24 10:59:18[剪贴簿中间件]信息：启用的蜘蛛中间件：
['scrapy.spidermiddleware.httperror.httperror中间件'，
'刮皮.SpiderMiddleware.场外.场外Iddleware'，
“scrapy.Spidermiddleware.referer.RefererMiddleware”，
'scrapy.spiderMiddleware.urllength.UrlLengthMiddleware'，
'scrapy.spidermiddleware.depth.DepthMiddleware']
2017-04-24 10:59:18[scrapy.middleware]信息：启用的项目管道：
[]
2017-04-24 10:59:18[刮屑.核心.发动机]信息：十字轴已打开
2017-04-24 10:59:18[scrapy.extensions.logstats]信息：爬网0页（0页/分钟），爬网0项（0项/分钟）
2017-04-24 10:59:18[scrapy.extensions.telnet]调试：telnet控制台监听127.0.0.1:6024
2017-04-24 10:59:18[scrapy.core.engine]调试：爬网（403）（参考：无）
2017-04-24 10:59:18[scrapy.core.engine]调试：爬网（403）（参考：无）
2017-04-24 10:59:18[scrapy.spidermiddleware.httperror]信息：忽略响应：HTTP状态代码未处理或不允许
2017-04-24 10:59:18[刮屑芯发动机]信息：关闭卡盘（已完成）
2017-04-24 10:59:18[scrapy.statscollectors]信息：倾销scrapy统计数据：
{'downloader/request_bytes'：519，
“下载程序/请求计数”：2，
“下载器/请求\方法\计数/获取”：2，
“下载程序/响应字节”：3110，
“下载程序/响应计数”：2，
“下载器/响应\状态\计数/403”：2，
“完成原因”：“完成”，
“完成时间”：datetime.datetime（2017,4,24,8,59,18,927878），
“日志计数/调试”：3，
“日志计数/信息”：8，
“响应\u已收到\u计数”：2，
“调度程序/出列”：1，
“调度程序/出列/内存”：1，
“调度程序/排队”：1，
“调度程序/排队/内存”：1，
“开始时间”：datetime.datetime（2017,4,24,8,59,18,489419）}
2017-04-24 10:59:18[刮屑堆芯发动机]信息：十字轴关闭（完成）

简言之，尽管我尝试使用Privoxy/Tor匿名刮取，但我仍然在刮取器中遇到
403
错误。我做错了什么吗？
AkpmError正在使用cloudflare来保护自己（以及其他东西）免受刮擦和机器人的攻击

很可能他们已经将scrapy的标准用户代理列入黑名单。因此，除了使用tor IP（顺便说一句，tor IP也很容易被列入黑名单）之外，您还应该设置一个看起来像真实浏览器的用户代理标头：

在settings.py中

USER_AGENT = "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:53.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/53.0"

（详情请参阅）