Python Django导入顺序导致从其他应用程序导入类时出现默认用户模型错误

在自定义用户模型应用程序中引用核心应用程序“core_hr”中的模型时，我覆盖AbstractBaseUser以定义新的用户模型，但收到一个错误

在我尝试将另一个django应用程序中的模型导入到我覆盖的自定义用户模型应用程序之前，我从未见过这个错误。我的所有应用都在已安装的应用中

"AUTH_USER_MODEL refers to model '%s' that has not been installed" % settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL

django.core.exceptions.ImpropertlyConfigured:AUTH_USER_模型引用了尚未安装的模型“users.Employee”

models.py 它解决了这个问题。 我想了解为什么功能级导入解决了这个问题

我真正关心的是项目后期的意外副作用，以及这是最佳做法还是禁忌

编辑：

settings.py：

"""
Django settings for docker_files.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 3.0.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/settings/
"""
#!/usr/bin/env python

import os

# Build paths inside the docker_files like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
TEMPLATE_DIR = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, '/templates')
# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/howto/deployment/checklist/


#
# STATIC_URL = '/static/'
# STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')

#

# static files settings

STATIC_URL = '/staticfiles/'
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'staticfiles')
STATICFILES_DIRS = (os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static'),)

STATICFILES_FINDERS = (
    'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.FileSystemFinder',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.AppDirectoriesFinder',
)
AWS_DEFAULT_ACL = 'public-read'

USE_S3 = os.getenv('USE_S3') == 'TRUE'

if USE_S3:
    AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID = os.getenv('AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID')
    AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY = os.getenv('AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY')
    AWS_STORAGE_BUCKET_NAME = os.getenv('AWS_STORAGE_BUCKET_NAME')
    AWS_DEFAULT_ACL = 'public-read'
    AWS_S3_CUSTOM_DOMAIN = f'{AWS_STORAGE_BUCKET_NAME}.s3.amazonaws.com'
    AWS_S3_OBJECT_PARAMETERS = {'CacheControl': 'max-age=86400'}
    # s3 static settings
    AWS_LOCATION = 'static'
    # STATIC_URL = f'https://{AWS_S3_CUSTOM_DOMAIN}/{AWS_LOCATION}/'
    # STATICFILES_STORAGE = 'storages.backends.s3boto3.S3Boto3Storage'
    # s3 media settings
    PUBLIC_MEDIA_LOCATION = 'media'
    MEDIA_URL = f'https://{AWS_S3_CUSTOM_DOMAIN}/{PUBLIC_MEDIA_LOCATION}/'
    DEFAULT_FILE_STORAGE = '#####.storage_backends.PublicMediaStorage'

    PRIVATE_MEDIA_LOCATION = 'private'
    PRIVATE_FILE_STORAGE = '#####.storage_backends.PrivateMediaStorage'

else:
    MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
    MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')



# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = os.environ.get('SECRET_KEY','change me to a real key')

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!

DEBUG=True
if os.environ.get('DEV'):
    DEBUG = True
    ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']
else:
    ALLOWED_HOSTS=['*']






INSTALLED_APPS = [
    #'whitenoise.runserver_nostatic',
    #'livereload',
    'users',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',

    # Local
    # 'debug_toolbar'
    '######',
    'core_hr',
    'schedules',
    'org',
    # extensions
    'django_countries',
    'django_nose',
    'storages',
    'django_extensions'

]




TEST_RUNNER = 'django_nose.NoseTestSuiteRunner'
NOSE_ARGS = [
    '--with-cover',
    '--cover-package=core_hr',
    '--cover-package=####',

]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    #'livereload.middleware.LiveReloadScript',
    #'whitenoise.middleware.WhiteNoiseMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',

]

ROOT_URLCONF = '####.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates'),]
        ,
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = '####.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/settings/#databases
if os.environ.get('PROD'):
    DATABASES = {
        "default": {
            "ENGINE": os.environ.get("SQL_ENGINE"),
            "NAME": os.environ.get("SQL_DATABASE"),
            "USER": os.environ.get("SQL_USER", "user"),
            "PASSWORD": os.environ.get("SQL_PASSWORD", "password"),
            "HOST": os.environ.get("SQL_HOST", "localhost"),
            "PORT": os.environ.get("SQL_PORT", "5432"),
        }
    }
else:
    DATABASES = {
        'default': {
            'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
            'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'devdb.sqlite3'),
        }
    }

# CUSTOM USER MODEL
AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'users.Employee'


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators



AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/howto/static-files/

---

你能显示你的设置吗。py？设置现在启动了。我不确定，因为我没有看到其他型号。但可能您需要使用get\u user\u模型。Django docs说：

如果您直接引用用户（例如，通过在外键中引用它），您的代码将无法在AUTH_User_MODEL设置已更改为其他用户模型的项目中工作。

我认为这是一个更深层次的错误，与导入顺序和循环引用有关。我不知道该怎么说，但我做了更多的研究，看起来django模块导入在用户模型初始化方面有一些未知的行为。如果出现问题，我会切换到获取用户模型，谢谢！你能显示你的设置吗。py？设置现在启动了。我不确定，因为我没有看到其他型号。但可能您需要使用get\u user\u模型。Django docs说：

如果您直接引用用户（例如，通过在外键中引用它），您的代码将无法在AUTH_User_MODEL设置已更改为其他用户模型的项目中工作。

我认为这是一个更深层次的错误，与导入顺序和循环引用有关。我不知道该怎么说，但我做了更多的研究，看起来django模块导入在用户模型初始化方面有一些未知的行为。如果出现问题，我会切换到获取用户模型，谢谢！

        from core_hr.models import Passport
        try:
            passport = Passport.objects.get(owner=self)
            return passport.data_complete
        except ObjectDoesNotExist:
            return ["Couldn't query passport, perhaps it was not created?", False]

"""
Django settings for docker_files.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 3.0.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/settings/
"""
#!/usr/bin/env python

import os

# Build paths inside the docker_files like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
TEMPLATE_DIR = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, '/templates')
# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/howto/deployment/checklist/


#
# STATIC_URL = '/static/'
# STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')

#

# static files settings

STATIC_URL = '/staticfiles/'
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'staticfiles')
STATICFILES_DIRS = (os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static'),)

STATICFILES_FINDERS = (
    'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.FileSystemFinder',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.AppDirectoriesFinder',
)
AWS_DEFAULT_ACL = 'public-read'

USE_S3 = os.getenv('USE_S3') == 'TRUE'

if USE_S3:
    AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID = os.getenv('AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID')
    AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY = os.getenv('AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY')
    AWS_STORAGE_BUCKET_NAME = os.getenv('AWS_STORAGE_BUCKET_NAME')
    AWS_DEFAULT_ACL = 'public-read'
    AWS_S3_CUSTOM_DOMAIN = f'{AWS_STORAGE_BUCKET_NAME}.s3.amazonaws.com'
    AWS_S3_OBJECT_PARAMETERS = {'CacheControl': 'max-age=86400'}
    # s3 static settings
    AWS_LOCATION = 'static'
    # STATIC_URL = f'https://{AWS_S3_CUSTOM_DOMAIN}/{AWS_LOCATION}/'
    # STATICFILES_STORAGE = 'storages.backends.s3boto3.S3Boto3Storage'
    # s3 media settings
    PUBLIC_MEDIA_LOCATION = 'media'
    MEDIA_URL = f'https://{AWS_S3_CUSTOM_DOMAIN}/{PUBLIC_MEDIA_LOCATION}/'
    DEFAULT_FILE_STORAGE = '#####.storage_backends.PublicMediaStorage'

    PRIVATE_MEDIA_LOCATION = 'private'
    PRIVATE_FILE_STORAGE = '#####.storage_backends.PrivateMediaStorage'

else:
    MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
    MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')



# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = os.environ.get('SECRET_KEY','change me to a real key')

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!

DEBUG=True
if os.environ.get('DEV'):
    DEBUG = True
    ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']
else:
    ALLOWED_HOSTS=['*']






INSTALLED_APPS = [
    #'whitenoise.runserver_nostatic',
    #'livereload',
    'users',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',

    # Local
    # 'debug_toolbar'
    '######',
    'core_hr',
    'schedules',
    'org',
    # extensions
    'django_countries',
    'django_nose',
    'storages',
    'django_extensions'

]




TEST_RUNNER = 'django_nose.NoseTestSuiteRunner'
NOSE_ARGS = [
    '--with-cover',
    '--cover-package=core_hr',
    '--cover-package=####',

]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    #'livereload.middleware.LiveReloadScript',
    #'whitenoise.middleware.WhiteNoiseMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',

]

ROOT_URLCONF = '####.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates'),]
        ,
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = '####.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/settings/#databases
if os.environ.get('PROD'):
    DATABASES = {
        "default": {
            "ENGINE": os.environ.get("SQL_ENGINE"),
            "NAME": os.environ.get("SQL_DATABASE"),
            "USER": os.environ.get("SQL_USER", "user"),
            "PASSWORD": os.environ.get("SQL_PASSWORD", "password"),
            "HOST": os.environ.get("SQL_HOST", "localhost"),
            "PORT": os.environ.get("SQL_PORT", "5432"),
        }
    }
else:
    DATABASES = {
        'default': {
            'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
            'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'devdb.sqlite3'),
        }
    }

# CUSTOM USER MODEL
AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'users.Employee'


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators



AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/howto/static-files/