Python：在文本文件中找到一个字符串，如果找到了，在下一行写一个字符串

我正在尝试编写一个简单的python代码，在其中查找文本文件中的字符串，一旦找到字符串，我想在txt文件的下一行中编写一些注释。我还想确保评论不会出现在下一行中。这是我到目前为止写的。然而，它并没有在下一行写注释，而是在另一个地方写（看起来我并没有对文件指针的当前位置使用正确的语法）。此外，即使我在下一行已有注释，代码的“else”部分也不会执行

#!/comm/python/2.7.8/bin/python2.7
import re

# Open a file
fo = open("bt5aura_bt5rf01_mixers.vams", "rw+")
print "Name of the file: ", fo.name

str1 = "// pragma coverage off"

# search for "module " to put "pragma coverge off" comment
for line in fo:
   if 'module ' in line:
      print line
      nextLine=fo.next()
      if nextLine.rstrip!=str1:
         print "NO pragma comment found on next line:",nextLine.rstrip()
         fo.seek(0,1)
         line=fo.write(str1)
      else:
         print "Pragma off comment already present"

# Close opened file
fo.close()

修改代码以搜索两个字符串

#!/comm/python/2.7.8/bin/python2.7
import re

comment1 = "// pragma coverage off"
comment2 = "// pragma coverage on"

match1 = "module "
match2 = "assign Check "


# Open the file with ams filenames list.
with open('listofmodels.txt') as list_ams:

# Iterate over the lines, each line represents a file name.
   for amsModel in list_ams:
     content1 = []
     content2 = []
     amsModel = amsModel.rstrip('\n')
     with open (amsModel, "r+b") as file:
       print "***Processing amsModel=%s for pragma coverage off***" % amsModel
       for line in file:
           content1.append(line)
           if match1 in line:
               nextLine = file.next().rstrip()
               if nextLine != comment1:
                   print "No pragma off comment found on next line,\n nextline=%s\n adding pragma off comment" % nextLine
                   content1.append(comment1 + "\n")
               else:
                   print "Pragma off comment already present on next line"
               content1.append(nextLine + "\n")
       file.seek(0)
       file.truncate()
       file.write("".join(content1))
       file.close

     with open (amsModel, "r+b") as file:
       print "***Processing amsModel=%s for pragma coverage on***" % amsModel
       for line in file:
           content2.append(line)
           if match2 in line:
               nextLine = file.next().rstrip()
               if nextLine != comment2:
                   print "No pragma on comment found on next line,\n nextline=%s\n adding pragma on comment" % nextLine
                   content2.append(comment2 + "\n")
               else:
                   print "Pragma on comment already present on next line"
               content2.append(nextLine + "\n")
       file.seek(0)
       file.truncate()
       file.write("".join(content2))
       file.close
   list_ams.close

---

请尝试以下代码。请注意，它会为文件中包含匹配项的每一行打印“Pragma off comment ready present on next line”

#!/comm/python/2.7.8/bin/python2.7
import re

comment = "// pragma coverage off"
match = "module"
content = []

with open ("bt5aura_bt5rf01_mixers.vams", "r+b") as file:
    for line in file:
        content.append(line)
        if match in line:
            nextLine = file.next().rstrip()
            if nextLine != comment:
                print "No pragma comment found on next line: %s" % nextLine
                content.append(comment + "\n")
            else:
                print "Pragma off comment already present on next line"
            content.append(nextLine + "\n")
    file.seek(0)
    file.truncate()
    file.write("".join(content))

示例

文件包含以下文本

no mod  
a module  
no mod again  
after the first run there should be a comment in the third row  
this should not change if you run it again 

运行该方法后，其外观如下所示：

no mod
a module
// pragma coverage off
no mod again
after the first run there should be a comment in the third row
this should not change if you run it again

…正如所料，即使您多次运行，也不会有超过一条评论：

no mod
a module
// pragma coverage off
no mod again
after the first run there should be a comment in the third row
this should not change if you run it again

编辑：回答您的其他问题 （在一行中搜索多个字符串并分别添加注释）

您可以使用字典将要添加的注释映射到特定匹配项。这会自动消除代码中的冗余

#!/comm/python/2.7.8/bin/python2.7
import re

comments = {"// pragma coverage off":"module ", "// pragma coverage on":"assign Check "}
content = []

# Open the file with ams filenames list.
with open('listofmodels.txt') as list_ams:
    # Iterate over the lines, each line represents a file name.
    for amsModel in list_ams:
        amsModel = amsModel.rstrip('\n')
        with open (amsModel, "r+b") as file:
            for comment, match in comments.iteritems():
                print "*** Processing amsModel = {0} for: {1} ***".format(amsModel, key)
                for line in file:
                    content.append(line)
                        if value in line:
                        nextLine = file.next().rstrip()
                        if nextLine != comment:
                            print "No comment (\"{0}\") found on next line,\n nextline = {1}\n adding {0}".format(comment, nextLine, comment)
                            content.append(comment + "\n")
                        else:
                            print "comment (\"{0}\") already present on next line".format(comment)
                        content.append(nextLine + "\n")
                file.seek(0)
                file.truncate()
                file.write("".join(content1))
                file.close

---

最后一件事：代码中的缩进不正确。我不知道这是否是出于格式化目的，但请参阅以获取更多信息。

请尝试以下代码。请注意，它会为文件中包含匹配项的每一行打印“Pragma off comment ready present on next line”

#!/comm/python/2.7.8/bin/python2.7
import re

comment = "// pragma coverage off"
match = "module"
content = []

with open ("bt5aura_bt5rf01_mixers.vams", "r+b") as file:
    for line in file:
        content.append(line)
        if match in line:
            nextLine = file.next().rstrip()
            if nextLine != comment:
                print "No pragma comment found on next line: %s" % nextLine
                content.append(comment + "\n")
            else:
                print "Pragma off comment already present on next line"
            content.append(nextLine + "\n")
    file.seek(0)
    file.truncate()
    file.write("".join(content))

示例

文件包含以下文本

no mod  
a module  
no mod again  
after the first run there should be a comment in the third row  
this should not change if you run it again 

运行该方法后，其外观如下所示：

no mod
a module
// pragma coverage off
no mod again
after the first run there should be a comment in the third row
this should not change if you run it again

…正如所料，即使您多次运行，也不会有超过一条评论：

no mod
a module
// pragma coverage off
no mod again
after the first run there should be a comment in the third row
this should not change if you run it again

编辑：回答您的其他问题 （在一行中搜索多个字符串并分别添加注释）

您可以使用字典将要添加的注释映射到特定匹配项。这会自动消除代码中的冗余

#!/comm/python/2.7.8/bin/python2.7
import re

comments = {"// pragma coverage off":"module ", "// pragma coverage on":"assign Check "}
content = []

# Open the file with ams filenames list.
with open('listofmodels.txt') as list_ams:
    # Iterate over the lines, each line represents a file name.
    for amsModel in list_ams:
        amsModel = amsModel.rstrip('\n')
        with open (amsModel, "r+b") as file:
            for comment, match in comments.iteritems():
                print "*** Processing amsModel = {0} for: {1} ***".format(amsModel, key)
                for line in file:
                    content.append(line)
                        if value in line:
                        nextLine = file.next().rstrip()
                        if nextLine != comment:
                            print "No comment (\"{0}\") found on next line,\n nextline = {1}\n adding {0}".format(comment, nextLine, comment)
                            content.append(comment + "\n")
                        else:
                            print "comment (\"{0}\") already present on next line".format(comment)
                        content.append(nextLine + "\n")
                file.seek(0)
                file.truncate()
                file.write("".join(content1))
                file.close

---

最后一件事：代码中的缩进不正确。我不知道这是否是出于格式化目的，但请参阅以了解更多信息。

：非常感谢。这很有效。现在我试图修改这段代码，以查找两个字符串，并在匹配时添加注释。我添加了中断循环，因为我只想在第一场比赛中实现它。然而，修改后的代码给了我一个空白文件作为输出。我假设这是由于错误的文件处理操作造成的。另外，我实际上希望在找到第一个字符串之后继续下一个字符串搜索。在这种情况下，是否只设置文件指针file.seek（1）？若并没有找到第一个字符串，那个么我不希望继续找到第二个字符串。实际上我已经找到了。还修改了代码，使其将文件作为输入，其中包含文件路径列表。它逐个打开所有文件并执行“双字符串搜索”操作。用新代码更新了原始帖子。如果你还有什么建议，请告诉我。再次感谢你的帮助。很高兴我能帮忙！我用改进版的双字符串搜索更新了我的答案。如果此答案解决了您的问题，请单击答案旁边的复选标记，将其标记为已接受。：非常感谢。这很有效。现在我试图修改这段代码，以查找两个字符串，并在匹配时添加注释。我添加了中断循环，因为我只想在第一场比赛中实现它。然而，修改后的代码给了我一个空白文件作为输出。我假设这是由于错误的文件处理操作造成的。另外，我实际上希望在找到第一个字符串之后继续下一个字符串搜索。在这种情况下，是否只设置文件指针file.seek（1）？若并没有找到第一个字符串，那个么我不希望继续找到第二个字符串。实际上我已经找到了。还修改了代码，使其将文件作为输入，其中包含文件路径列表。它逐个打开所有文件并执行“双字符串搜索”操作。用新代码更新了原始帖子。如果你还有什么建议，请告诉我。再次感谢你的帮助。很高兴我能帮忙！我用改进版的双字符串搜索更新了我的答案。如果此答案解决了您的问题，请单击答案旁边的复选标记将其标记为已接受。