Python django中的自定义用户模型

我想使用django.contrib.auth.models.AbstractUser创建一个自定义用户模型，如djangodocs中所述：

如果您对Django的用户模型非常满意，并且只想 添加一些额外的概要信息，您可以简单地将 django.contrib.auth.models.AbstractUser并添加自定义配置文件 领域。此类提供了缺省值的完整实现 用户作为抽象模型

因此，我在

Users

类中继承了

AbstractUser

类，并添加了一个字段。但是当我运行

python manage.py syncdb

时，我得到以下错误：

CommandError: One or more models did not validate:
admin.logentry: 'user' has a relation with model login.users, which has either 
not been installed or is abstract.

我查看了有关stackoverflow的其他问题，但无法解决该错误。这是我的密码：

型号.py

from django.conf import settings
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
from django.contrib import admin

class Users(AbstractUser):
    college = models.CharField(max_length=40)

admin.site.register(Users, UserAdmin)

from django.contrib import admin
from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin
from django.contrib.auth.forms import UserChangeForm, UserCreationForm
from login.models import Users
from django import forms

class UsersChangeForm(UserChangeForm):
    class Meta(UserChangeForm.Meta):
        model = Users

class UsersAdmin(UserAdmin):
    form = UsersChangeForm

    fieldsets = UserAdmin.fieldsets + (
            (None, {'fields': ('college',)}),
    )


admin.site.register(Users, UsersAdmin)

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'forms',
    'login',
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
)

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
)

AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'login.users'

admin.py

from django.conf import settings
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
from django.contrib import admin

class Users(AbstractUser):
    college = models.CharField(max_length=40)

admin.site.register(Users, UserAdmin)

from django.contrib import admin
from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin
from django.contrib.auth.forms import UserChangeForm, UserCreationForm
from login.models import Users
from django import forms

class UsersChangeForm(UserChangeForm):
    class Meta(UserChangeForm.Meta):
        model = Users

class UsersAdmin(UserAdmin):
    form = UsersChangeForm

    fieldsets = UserAdmin.fieldsets + (
            (None, {'fields': ('college',)}),
    )


admin.site.register(Users, UsersAdmin)

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'forms',
    'login',
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
)

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
)

AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'login.users'

设置.py

from django.conf import settings
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
from django.contrib import admin

class Users(AbstractUser):
    college = models.CharField(max_length=40)

admin.site.register(Users, UserAdmin)

from django.contrib import admin
from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin
from django.contrib.auth.forms import UserChangeForm, UserCreationForm
from login.models import Users
from django import forms

class UsersChangeForm(UserChangeForm):
    class Meta(UserChangeForm.Meta):
        model = Users

class UsersAdmin(UserAdmin):
    form = UsersChangeForm

    fieldsets = UserAdmin.fieldsets + (
            (None, {'fields': ('college',)}),
    )


admin.site.register(Users, UsersAdmin)

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'forms',
    'login',
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
)

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
)

AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'login.users'

编辑：

---

我想将用户信息存储在与

auth_user

相同的表中，而不是存储在新表中。

我在我的一个项目中这样做了。我很惊讶地看到您扩展了用户，因为：）您可以扩展Django用户模型，但如果您只想添加新字段（而不是更改其行为），则应该使用OneToOneField

If you wish to store information related to User, you can use a one-to-one
relationship to a model containing the fields for additional information.

因此，正如您在链接中看到的，您的代码应该如下所示：

from django.contrib.auth.models import User

class MyUser(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(User)

    # Or a ForeingKey to the College table?
    college = models.CharField(max_length=40)

    other_data = ...

---

尝试在models.py中删除此行：

admin.site.register（用户，UserAdmin

）

我发现了你的错误，你安装的应用程序顺序错误，它们应该是下一个：

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    #'django.contrib.sites',
    #'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
    'django.contrib.admin',
    # Uncomment the next line to enable admin documentation:
    # 'django.contrib.admindocs',
    'login',
    'forms',
)

AUTH_USER_MODEL = "login.User"

为什么?

查看管理员使用的是用户模型，因此您可能会想：

但是我的用户模型是进入

应用程序，而这一个是在admin应用程序之前，因此

是在admin之前安装的，为什么它不起作用？。这是因为django.contrib.auth是可交换的（在您的情况下，可以通过login.User替换另一个模型），因此当您创建新的用户模型时，django必须将其用户模型更改为新模型，然后您必须安装其余模型

How must be at the moment of run syncdb:


1.- django.contrib.auth is installed, then this see if has been swapped, if yes it adds the new field or override completely the User Model (in your case only you add a field).

2.- admin, contentypes.... your apps, are installed and all works.

How you had it:

1.- login is installed (where the new User Model was, you put the AUTH_USER_MODEL in settings)

2.- Then forms.

3.- Then django tries to install the admin app but it can't because auth_user table hasn't been added that's because django.contrib.auth was after admin, therefore there is no User Model, this one isnt's swapped and this throws the error  **admin.logentry: 'user' has a relation with model login.users, which has either 
not been installed or is abstract.**

---

因此，首先您必须安装

django.contrib.auth

应用程序，然后安装依赖于的所有应用程序。

最好使用get\u user\u model（）（获取项目中活动的用户模型。在django.contrib.auth中定义）和auth\u user\u model（引用用户模型）来保持代码的通用性而不是直接参考用户模型

from django.conf import settings

class MyUser(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL)

    # Or a ForeingKey to the College table?
    college = models.CharField(max_length=40)

    other_data = ...

---

实际上，我想将它们存储在与Django 1.5中的

auth_user

相同的表中，您不需要额外的表来扩展用户表。@Nil，您能检查一下这个问题吗？：）我试过了，但没用，我收到了同样的错误消息你是如何订购安装的应用程序的？是的，我订购的方式与你提到的相同。你在表单应用程序中是否有用户的外键？@Victor，我使用

AbstractUser

扩展了默认用户表。管理员运行平稳，但当我在单击“保存”后尝试添加新用户时，我收到一个错误

ORA-00942:表或视图不存在

，但我的Oracle db中有一个表，我的Model.py上有一个表。这是命名联盟吗？除了

类用户（AbstractUser）之外，您是否可以尝试其他模型名称：

@Charlesliam在将名称从

User

更改为

MyUser

并运行

python manage.py syncdb

后，我收到一个新错误

1146，Table stapper.login\u myuser\u user\u权限不存在django

与用户相关的权限的新表应为\u user\u权限。从你的陈述中我相信了。您的应用程序名是

login

，您的型号名是

myuser

。您可以尝试手动将表添加到数据库中。