Python 如何基于通过Django生成的新主键发送电子邮件？

我想在Django中生成新的主键时向用户发送一封电子邮件。模型中的我的代码。py:

class PurchaseOrder(models.Model):
    product = models.CharField(max_length=256)
    vendor = models.CharField(max_length=256)
    dollar_amount = models.FloatField()
    item_number = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)

我已将其编码到每次刷新页面时都可以发送电子邮件的位置

email = EmailMessage('Purchase Order System', 'your message here', to=['youremail@gmail.com'])
email.send()

---

但是我如何使它能够在每次生成新主键时发送电子邮件？

收听

post\u save

信号

from django.db.models import signals
from django.dispatch import receiver

@receiver(signals.post_save, sender=PurchaseOrder)
def email_handler(sender, **kwargs):
    if kwargs['created']:
        email = EmailMessage('Purchase Order System', 'your message here', to=['youremail@gmail.com'])
        email.send()

或者在模型中定义自定义

保存
方法

class PurchaseOrder(models.Model):
    def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
        # Check if this is a new key
        if not self.pk:
            email = EmailMessage('Purchase Order System', 'your message here', to=['youremail@gmail.com'])
            email.send()
        super(PurchaseOrder, self).save(*args, **kwargs)

使用

您必须将此代码粘贴到加载django期间将执行的某个位置，例如
models.py

示例
models.py
：

from django.core.mail import EmailMessage
from django.db import models
from django.db.models import signals

class PurchaseOrder(models.Model):
    product = models.CharField(max_length=256)
    vendor = models.CharField(max_length=256)
    dollar_amount = models.FloatField()
    item_number = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)

def send_email_on_new_order(instance, created, raw, **kwargs):
    # Fixtures or updates are not interesting.
    if not created or raw:
        return

    # `instance` is your PurchaseOrder instance.
    email = EmailMessage('Purchase Order System', 'your message here', to=['youremail@gmail.com'])
    email.send()

signals.post_save.connect(send_email_on_new_order, sender=PurchaseOrder, dispatch_uid='send_email_on_new_order')

@voithos是正确的，这是一个自定义保存是解决问题的好方法。然而，根据对这个问题的严格回答，从技术上讲，电子邮件是在主键创建之前发送的。这可能无关紧要，但如果有，我会按如下顺序排列代码：

def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
    email = False  # Don't email by default
    # Check if this is a new key
    if not self.pk:
        email = EmailMessage('Purchase Order System', 'your message here', to=['youremail@gmail.com'])
    super(PurchaseOrder, self).save(*args, **kwargs)
    if email:  # Email was created, and we have a new Primary Key, so send now.
        email.send()

注意：如果您需要一种方法来引用新创建的实例（例如，电子邮件需要包含一个包含刚创建的主键的链接），我个人会使用@kroolik提供的信号方法。
我收到一个错误，说“NameError:name'PurchaseOrder'未定义”，如果这是一个糟糕的问题，我很抱歉，因为我对Python和Django都是新手。请将Django.db.models中的
放入
models.py
文件的顶部，同时将
PurchaseOrder
定义下面的其余代码导入。检查我的答案以供参考。
def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
    email = False  # Don't email by default
    # Check if this is a new key
    if not self.pk:
        email = EmailMessage('Purchase Order System', 'your message here', to=['youremail@gmail.com'])
    super(PurchaseOrder, self).save(*args, **kwargs)
    if email:  # Email was created, and we have a new Primary Key, so send now.
        email.send()